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Tag: vet approved

  • Why Do Cats Rub Their Face on Corners? 5 Vet-Verified Reasons – Catster

    Why Do Cats Rub Their Face on Corners? 5 Vet-Verified Reasons – Catster

    Dr. Chyrle Bonk Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Cats often engage in behaviors that leave us feeling puzzled or confused. Even though we might find them to be strange, many of these behaviors are normal for cats. New cat owners may be surprised by just how much their cats will rub their faces against corners, objects, and even people. However, this action is common feline behavior, and you don’t usually have to be alarmed by it.

    While it’s not completely certain why cats will rub their cheeks against corners, cat behaviorists and experts do share a few common speculations. Here are a few possible reasons why your cat may rub their face on corners.

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    The 5 Reasons Why Cats Rub Their Faces on Corners

    1. Marking Territory

    One of the most widely accepted theories for cats rubbing their faces on corners is that they’re leaving their scent on objects. Cats use scents to communicate, and they have scent glands located around their cheeks. When cats rub their faces on objects, they leave behind a scent that other cats can detect. Cats can pick up information about other cats when they sniff these scents.

    Cats may tend to prefer rubbing their cheeks against corners because corners provide the best grip for them. Rubbing their faces against flat walls can be more difficult, so they’ll usually opt for wall and furniture corners.

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    Image Credit: bombermoon, Shutterstock

    2. Greeting

    It’s common for cats to greet each other by rubbing their faces. This behavior enables them to exchange scents and learn more about each other. If your cat starts to feel comfortable and likes you, they can start to rub their cheeks against you as soon as you return home to them. You can take this as a sign that your cat is greeting you and wanting to let you know that they like that you’re home.

    It’s important to note that not all cats will engage in this behavior with humans. So, you don’t have to be too concerned if your cat doesn’t rub their cheeks against you. They’re probably showing you love and affection through other means and expressions.

    3. Wanting Attention

    Cats are observant animals and are quick to know what sorts of behaviors grab your attention. Therefore, if you have a habit of giving your cat attention when they rub against you, they’re more likely to continue this behavior. This behavior is reinforced each time you acknowledge your cat when they rub their face against you. Consequently, many cats will start to rub their cheeks against their owners when they’re bored, hungry, or feeling lonely.

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    Image Credit: Gordana Sermek, Shutterstock

    4. Showing Affection

    Your cat may also rub their cheeks against you as a means of showing affection. Similar to marking territory, cats leave their scent on people by rubbing their cheeks against them. Rather than seeing it as possessiveness, you can receive this behavior as a compliment. Cats won’t rub their cheeks against people they don’t trust or don’t like. So, you can take it as a sign that your cat likes you and sees you as one of their own if they start to rub their cheeks against you.

    5. Stress Relief

    The act of rubbing faces against something often feels comforting and relaxing for cats. So, they may engage in this behavior when they want to relax or self-soothe. Sometimes, cats will begin to rub their faces against something when they’re feeling stressed or anxious and want to calm down.

    Cats also usually start to rub their cheeks against things when they settle down and feel comfortable in a home. In this context, you can take this behavior as a good sign that indicates your cat acknowledges that your home is also their home.

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    Image Credit: Irina Safonova, Shutterstock

    Is It Bad if My Cat Rubs Their Faces on Everything?

    While rubbing faces on objects and people is common behavior in cats, there are some cases when it can indicate an underlying problem. Sometimes, rubbing faces can become a compulsive behavior, which is usually caused by a disease or mental health issue. For example, cats can start to rub their faces and press their head against things repeatedly when they have trauma to the head or nervous system, encephalitis, or tumors. Cats may also resort to compulsive head pressing if they’re under a lot of stress or have anxiety.

    Compulsive behavior of this sort is also often accompanied by other signs. Your cat may also display increased pacing or circling. They may also become disoriented or lack coordination. Sometimes, you might notice sudden changes in mood or behavior.

    If you suspect your cat’s behavior is abnormal, it’s best to contact your veterinarian right away for a physical examination. Your veterinarian can diagnose the cause of the behavior and provide the appropriate treatment.

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    Conclusion

    For the most part, you don’t have to worry if your cat is rubbing their face against corners and other objects. In fact, you can take it as a compliment if your cat starts to rub their cheeks against you. If you do notice that your cat is starting to rub their face against things much more frequently or notice other changes in their behavior, don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian to determine what’s causing these changes.

    Featured Image Credit: Maria Wan, Shutterstock

    Jessica Kim

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  • Can Dogs Eat Chicken Broth? Vet-Verified Nutrition Facts & Info – Dogster

    Can Dogs Eat Chicken Broth? Vet-Verified Nutrition Facts & Info – Dogster

    Dr. Amanda Charles Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Among all the possible culinary additions we might use to enhance the flavor, texture, and nutrition of our dog’s diet, we rarely need to question chicken broth. Chicken broth is healthy and tasty for dogs, presenting numerous perks if it’s free of seasonings and potentially harmful ingredients.

    When you know the hazards of many chicken broth recipes, you can make better decisions about incorporating broth into your dog’s meals. To help your dog enjoy all of its benefits and none of its drawbacks, we’ll explore whether dogs can eat chicken broth and the best ways to serve it.

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    Why Can Dogs Eat Chicken Broth?

    Chicken broth is a delicious, versatile addition to a dog’s diet. You can pour it over dry food to soften it and make it more palatable or add it to your dog’s water dish to entice them to drink and ensure your pet stays hydrated. Alternatively, you can freeze small portions in ice cube trays and offer them to your dog as a refreshing treat on a hot day!

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    Image Credit: LisaRedfern, Pixabay

    Benefits of Feeding Chicken Broth to Dogs

    Well-made chicken broth is rich in vital nutrients to support your dog’s digestion, immune system, nervous system, joints, muscles, and bones. The following are a few key benefits it could have for your dog.

    Hydration and Flavor Enhancement

    Staying hydrated is crucial for dogs to feel their best and maintain their body’s normal function. Factors like medications and illness can often cause dogs to reduce their eating or drinking habits, putting them at risk of dehydration or malnutrition.

    Chicken broth can be a convenient way to add appealing flavors to your dog’s bowl if they have trouble motivating themselves to eat and drink. It only takes a small splash to impart a delicious chicken flavor to your dog’s water and food. Using it to soak dry food can also soften it as it enhances the taste, making it easier for dogs with dental issues to consume.

    Muscle and Joint Development

    Chicken broth contains collagen pulled from the connective tissues holding onto the chicken bones and meat. Collagen is abundant in the body, and when dogs digest chicken broth, they utilize the amino acids to strengthen joints, nourish the skin and coat, and repair muscles.

    As dogs age, collagen production decreases, so adding chicken broth to the diet can help support healthy skin, muscles and joints. Plus, essential minerals like calcium also contribute to healthy bones, teeth, and muscles while promoting a stronger heart and better digestion.

    Digestive Function

    The amino acid glycine in collagen may also improve a dog’s digestive processes. Glycine helps promote the health of the stomach and gut walls and mucosa, and improves nutrient absorption.

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    Image Credit: DTeibe Photography, Shutterstock

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    What Is in Chicken Broth?

    Chicken broth is a boiled combination of chicken meat, bones, or both, with various vegetables and spices added for flavor. Common ingredients you might find in commercial chicken broths include:

    • Chicken meat and bones
    • Yeast extract
    • Carrots
    • Onions
    • Celery
    • Apple cider vinegar
    • Salt
    • Spices (garlic powder, turmeric, etc.)

    Chicken broth ingredients like onion and garlic powder are toxic to dogs and, if eaten in excess, can cause GI upset and damage red blood cells, leading to anemia. Fortunately, the trace amounts in broth are typically too minute to cause issues. The average dog would have to drink several quarts of broth to show ill effects, and the salt would likely affect them long before then.

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    Image Credit: Renko Aleks, Shutterstock

    Sodium

    Though most chicken broth ingredients are safe for dogs to consume, you should consider the sodium level, as many products contain significant amounts of salt.

    Store-bought chicken broth can contain anywhere from 200 mg to over 900 mg of sodium per cup, with low-sodium options having around 140 mg per cup. Along with their standard food, which typically has the recommended daily sodium amount, excessive amounts of high-sodium chicken broth can cause toxic effects, including:

    • Vomiting
    • Diarrhea
    • Weakness
    • Lethargy
    • Loss of appetite

    While large and giant breeds can usually stomach several tablespoons of salt without serious issues, toy dogs like Yorkies and Chihuahuas can quickly exceed their tolerance. Older dogs and those with heart, kidney, and metabolic disorders also benefit from lower sodium levels. Potential problems associated with high sodium intake can worsen when dogs can’t access fresh water.

    Hypernatremia

    Excessive salt intake can cause toxicosis or hypernatremia. Dogs may experience this when they eat as little as 2–3 grams of salt per kg of body weight.

    High sodium levels create an electrolyte imbalance and draw water from the cells, causing neurological signs like head pressing, dizziness, and convulsions. Though rare, hypernatremia requires veterinary intervention and can cause coma and death in severe cases.

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    How to Make Chicken Broth for My Dog

    Some store-bought broths offer a healthy mix of ingredients to satisfy your dog, but homemade chicken broth is a great choice, especially if you ever have leftover chicken and veggies to recycle. Ideally, you’ll have unseasoned chicken and bones, though a few spices won’t usually be harmful.

    Place your chicken pieces into a slow cooker and cover them with clean, filtered water. Adding 1–2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar will pull out more of the nutrients from the bones, enhancing the broth. If you have saved pieces of vegetables, you can add them to broaden the flavor and nutrient profile.

    Some dog-safe veggies include:

    • Carrots
    • Celery
    • Bell peppers
    • Spinach
    • Peas
    • Green beans

    Cook the broth on low for 12–24 hours. When finished, strain the liquid into a container to remove all the solid bones, vegetables, and chicken pieces. Let the broth cool, and refrigerate the container. The broth will stay fresh when refrigerated for 3–4 days, or you can portion and freeze it for up to 3 months.

    Saucepan with Bone brothSaucepan with Bone broth
    Image Credit: Julia Ahanova, Shutterstock

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    Conclusion

    If you’re careful about the salt content and use simple ingredients, chicken broth can be a palatable and nutritious addition to the mealtime routine. You can try a little low-sodium broth initially to ensure your pet likes it and doesn’t show adverse effects. If they love the taste and tolerate it well, all that’s left is to find fun, creative ways to integrate this versatile flavor enhancer into your dog’s diet.

    Featured Image Credit: Atsushi Hirao, Shutterstock

    Nicole Cosgrove

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  • 1-Year vs. 3-Year Rabies Vaccine for Cats: Which Is Better? (Vet Answer) – Catster

    1-Year vs. 3-Year Rabies Vaccine for Cats: Which Is Better? (Vet Answer) – Catster

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    If you live in a country where rabies is present in the wildlife population, vaccinating your pets against this deadly disease is not just essential to help save their life, but it may also be a legal requirement. As with so many things in the US, the laws and guidelines regarding rabies vaccination differ between states. Several states have no state law enforcing rabies vaccination, while in others it is compulsory for cats, dogs, and ferrets to be vaccinated, even if they do not venture outside.

    Once you’ve navigated the legalities of rabies vaccination, you will now be faced with more inconsistencies, like rabies vaccines that need to be given annually versus those that are only given every 3 years. While it’s up to you to find out what your legal obligations are regarding rabies vaccination, we can help you out when it comes to understanding the different types of vaccines, vaccination schedules, and whether there is one that is best for your cat. But first, let’s brush up on our knowledge about the rabies virus itself.

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    Rabies Virus in Cats

    The rabies virus can affect any mammalian species and is transmitted through the saliva, usually through a bite, although contact with an open wound can also lead to infection. Interestingly, although cats are the most commonly reported rabid species in the United States, there are no recorded cases of cat-to-cat transmission of the disease.

    The virus attacks the nervous system, producing signs such as:

    • Inappetence
    • Irritability
    • Hiding
    • Nervousness
    • Aggression
    • Wild animals may lose their fear of humans

    The disease will usually progress into two forms:

    • Furious (also called “mad dog”) rabies, which includes pupil dilation, overt aggression, and attacking with the teeth and claws at slight provocation or loud noise.
    • Paralytic (also called “dumb”) rabies, which includes paralysis of throat and jaw muscles, excessive salivation and inability to swallow, and loss of muscle control. These animals rarely bite, but humans can become infected when examining the mouth.

    Diagnosis is very difficult, with definitive diagnosis requiring post-mortem examination of brain tissue. Additionally, rabies can mimic several different diseases.

    Unvaccinated cats suspected of being infected with rabies must be euthanized immediately or kept in isolation for 6 months. Vaccinated cats must be given another vaccination dose and closely observed for 45 days. Hybrid cats, such as the Ocicat or Savannah cats, can be vaccinated against rabies, but their vaccination status is not formally recognized, and if a hybrid pet bites a human, the law may require them to be euthanized to be tested for rabies virus.

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    Image Credit: YULIYA Shustik, Shutterstock

    Vaccination Is Key

    With the high risk of transmission to humans, particularly in its furious form, vaccination is the most important step you can take to protect yourself and your cat, irrespective of your state’s legislation. Rabies vaccines are considered to be highly protective against infection, with vaccine failure rarely reported.

    According to the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), the recommended vaccination schedule for cats is as follows:

    • First vaccination between 8 and 16 weeks
    • Second vaccination within 12 months
    • Subsequent vaccinations every 3 years; however, local laws may require vaccination annually, or every 2 years.

    An animal is considered to be fully protected 28 days after the first vaccination, and immediately following subsequent vaccinations, provided they are given within the recommended schedule. These dates need to be strictly adhered to, particularly regarding travel.

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    1-, 2-, or 3-Year Vaccines—What’s the Difference?

    This is where things get a bit confusing, but stay with us. Firstly, we need to talk about adjuvants in vaccines.

    Adjuvanted vs. Non-Adjuvanted

    An adjuvant is a substance that increases the body’s immune response to vaccination, which is great from a protective point of view, but it is what causes most of the side effects of vaccination, such as lethargy, fever, swelling, and pain. For cats, there is an additional risk associated with adjuvanted vaccines: feline injection site sarcoma (FISS). The vaccinations most commonly implicated in FISS formation are those for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and rabies virus.

    To try to reduce the risks of FISS, vaccine intervals have been altered to minimize the risks of sarcoma formation while maintaining high levels of immunity, which is why most vaccines are recommended to be given every 3 years once a cat has had their initial booster, about 12 months after their kitten vaccination. Although there are canine studies that have indicated immunity can last up to 8 years in some individuals, a balance must be struck between minimizing the potential risks of adverse vaccine reactions and public health implications.

    An additional step has been taken by the company Purevax, which uses a recombinant canarypox virus to safely confer immunity against FeLV and rabies, without the need for an adjuvant. The FeLV vaccine is currently only licensed for annual vaccination intervals, but in the UK, the rabies vaccine is licensed for 3-yearly re-vaccination, following the booster given 12 months after the primary vaccination.

    In the US, there are two versions of the Purevax rabies vaccine: a 1-year and a 3-year injection, with the only difference being the labeling. Based on the differing laws that exist in different US regions, we can only assume that the two formulations have been created to make it easier for vets to comply with this legislation. However, there are cases where vets are only using the 1-year formulation, mistakenly believing that it provides better protection than the 3-yearly vaccine.

    So, Which Vaccine Is Better?

    Given the high level of protection given by the non-adjuvanted Purevax rabies 3-year vaccine, there seems to be no doubt that this is the clear winner in terms of minimizing risks while keeping your cat and family protected. However, for cats that have a health condition or are immunocompromised, an adjuvanted vaccine may provide better protection, as non-adjuvanted vaccines rely on a strong immune response to provide future protection.

    With the exception of California, which requires cats to be vaccinated every 2 years after their initial course, vaccination requirements in the US appear to be in accordance with the product being used. However, it is important to check with your local government body to ensure that you are complying with their laws.

    Most veterinary clinics will only carry one or two vaccine brands, so you may need to phone around to find one that uses the vaccine you prefer, following the schedule set out by the AAHA. Talk to your vet about their recommendations and experience, as there may be other geographic and individual factors to consider.

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    Final Thoughts

    Rabies is an extremely dangerous and deadly virus, and the best way for you to protect yourself, your family, and your pets is through vaccination. Even if you live in an area where rabies infection is uncommon, even a low risk is too high when it comes to this virus.

    Many of the concerns of the past regarding adverse reactions to vaccines, particularly with regard to cats, have been significantly reduced through changing vaccine schedules and the creation of a reliable, non-adjuvanted version of the rabies vaccine. Unlike the non-adjuvanted FeLV vaccine, the Purevax rabies vaccine is actually licensed for a 3-yearly dosing, giving an ideal compromise between minimizing side effects and maximizing protection. Be aware that a non-adjuvanted vaccine may not be appropriate for cats with health conditions or compromised immune systems. In these cases, a 3-yearly adjuvanted vaccine would be the safest option.

    The confusing labeling and variation in state and local laws surrounding rabies vaccination can make it difficult to know what is best for your feline family member, but hopefully, you can use this information to talk to your vet about your options.

    Featured Image Credit: bmf-foto.de, Shutterstock

    Dr. Karyn Kanowski BVSc MRCVS (Veterinarian)

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  • Do Vets Get Sad When They Have to Put Down a Cat? Tales From a Vet – Catster

    Do Vets Get Sad When They Have to Put Down a Cat? Tales From a Vet – Catster

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


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    Apart from a few minor deviations, including a brief Jurassic Park-induced obsession with becoming a paleontologist, I have always wanted to be a vet. One of my earliest memories was of discovering the body of our cat, Bindi, on the side of the road and desperately wanting to be able to “wake her up.”

    When I was in high school, I started to worry about how I would handle euthanasia. If I couldn’t even cope with watching a film where a pet died, how on Earth would I be able to be the one to put an animal to sleep? This worried me so much that I put off going to vet school for several years until I felt ready to take on the emotional challenges that come with the job.

    Losing a pet never gets any easier, but over time, dealing with death in veterinary practice does become less harrowing. But it’s not because we become less sensitive; it’s that in the vast majority of cases, when we euthanize a pet, we are doing them a great kindness, and in many ways, euthanasia is a real gift. Vets do get sad when they put a cat down, but we learn how to cope with that sadness in a healthy way.

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    What Are the Reasons for Euthanasia?

    In veterinary practice, the main reason for a cat to be put down is to prevent suffering. Whether it be old age, severe injuries, or incurable illness, euthanasia is the treatment for the untreatable. It’s a highly controversial issue in human medicine, but I have such sympathy for the patients, doctors, and loved ones faced with a future of pain, indignity, and misery, with no chance of a cure. In the veterinary world, we are able to spare our patients such suffering.

    The times when euthanasia isn’t so welcome is when cats are put to sleep for reasons of overpopulation, minor behavioral issues, a lack of money to treat an illness, or a lack of willingness to even pursue treatment. Fortunately, this isn’t a situation that I have encountered very often, but when I do, I tend to feel more anger and frustration than sorrow. However, I do feel sadness when I have to end a life that could have been saved.

    Vets who work in animal shelters sadly have to deal with this sort of situation, not just on a daily basis but multiple times a day. Through necessity, vets in these roles often compartmentalize this aspect of their work, but the high suicide rates among these dedicated professionals tell us that the sadness and frustration that come from doing this sort of work can easily turn into hopelessness and despair.

    What Is the Hardest Part About Euthanasia?

    The worry and anxiety I had about putting pets to sleep was always based on the death of the pet. What I didn’t realize is that it’s the people left behind that often make euthanasia difficult. Although we do try to maintain a certain amount of professional distance in our work, it’s inevitable that there will be patients and people who make a big impact on your heart. The funny thing is that it’s impossible to predict which ones will trigger tears, and it’s not always the ones you would expect.

    I have had cases where I have been treating a cat for months, even years, and got to know their people quite well, but when the time came to say goodbye, I was strangely philosophical about it. Then there was the elderly gentleman, whom I had never met before, who brought his elderly cat in to be put down. This kitty was ancient and had clearly been cherished by his human. He was a lovely old man fighting back tears as his best mate slipped away. And knowing that, at his age, he is unlikely to have another pet, this is the situation that brings me to tears.

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    Image Credit: mojahata, Shutterstock

    Will I Know When the Time Is Right?

    Knowing if and when you may need to have your cat put down is a very personal and individual decision. It will depend on your cat’s age, health condition, prognosis, and living situation. Here are some questions that I found have helped others make this decision:

    • Do they have a good quality of life?
    • Are they suffering?
    • Are they still getting enjoyment from the things that would normally make them happy?
    • Is there a chance they will recover?

    It’s something that you should talk to your vet about, as they will be able to give you a better idea of the prognosis of your cat’s situation. If you would like to talk to a vet without leaving home, an online service like PangoVet can be a good way to get some advice about your options and whether your cat is likely to improve with treatment.

    The Irony

    When I was reflecting on my work and how I cope with the day-to-day stress, emotional strain, and compassion fatigue, I realized something quite ironic. I felt sad about how I have been able to emotionally distance myself from the sadness of death in my job. Yes, you read that correctly. I was feeling sad about not feeling sad!

    Through necessity, vets have to put up boundaries so that we don’t become overwhelmed by the emotion that comes with caring for animals, and I started to feel concerned about how successful I had become in keeping my feelings in check.

    Although it is important—if not essential—to establish these boundaries to protect ourselves, we need to be careful not to become completely detached.

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    Final Thoughts

    Euthanasia is an important part of pet ownership and veterinary care, and I am grateful to be able to have access to it. Being able to end a cat’s suffering when all other options have been exhausted is a gift that I would never want to do this work without. Vets do get sad when we have to put down a cat, but we are usually able to maintain enough distance from our patients so that we do not become emotionally burned out.

    There will always be cats and people that affect me more than others, and I would prefer that to be the case. While a certain amount of detachment is necessary, I would never want that to cross over into indifference, but I think there’s very little chance of that.

    Featured Image Credit: Gleb Usovich, Shutterstock

    Dr. Karyn Kanowski BVSc MRCVS (Veterinarian)

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  • Cat Eye Tumors & Cancer: Our Vet Explains the Causes, Signs & Care – Catster

    Cat Eye Tumors & Cancer: Our Vet Explains the Causes, Signs & Care – Catster

    Dr. Chyrle Bonk Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Cancer and tumors can affect any part of a cat’s body, even their eyes. Fortunately, eye tumors in cats are uncommon, if not rare. Unfortunately, they tend to be cancerous more often than benign and quite aggressive. Cancers can arise from any and all structures associated with the eye, including the tissues surrounding it, so there are different variations. Here, we examine the most common types of cat eye tumors so you know what they look like, what causes them, and what can be done about them.

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    What Are Cat Eye Tumors?

    Eye tumors in cats are any abnormal growths in the eyeball itself, on the surface of the eye, or in the surrounding tissues, including the eyelids and conjunctiva. These tumors can have many different versions, depending on where they originate. Most are malignant or cancerous, though, and they tend to grow rapidly and spread to other parts of the body.

    Primary eye tumors pop up directly from the structures in and around the eye. Secondary tumors that have spread from other areas of the body are possible but not as commonly seen. The most common eye tumors in cats are melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and post-traumatic ocular sarcoma.

    Eye cancer tends to show up in one eye but can be seen in cases of secondary tumors that have traveled from other parts of the body. Since eye tumors in cats tend to be so aggressive, it’s important to be able to recognize them as early as possible in order to get treatment underway for the best outcome.

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    Image Credit: yanatereshchenko_89, Shutterstock

    What Do Eye Tumors in Cats Look Like?

    The first thing that you’ll likely see with a cat eye tumor is a kitty with sore eyes. They may rub or squint their eyes due to the discomfort. There may also be a large amount of tearing or discharge. The pain can either be due to irritation to the eyeball, conjunctiva from the tumor itself, or increases in pressure inside the eye brought on by the tumor disrupting the normal fluid cycle.

    Any lumps or spots on the eyelid or conjunctiva tend to be pink or red, rough, and irregularly shaped. They often look like a sore that won’t heal and instead becomes worse. These types of tumors are often squamous cell carcinomas and are more common in white cats and those with a light color around their eyes.

    Tumors within the eye will often show up as dark, irregularly shaped spots that creep across the surface of the eye. These are likely melanoma and will look similar to melanoma on the skin. Tumors within the eye can cause glaucoma, or an increase in pressure that may cause the eyeball to enlarge or even stick out a bit farther than normal.

    Post-traumatic ocular sarcomas typically show up following an injury to the eye or chronic inflammation. In this case, you’ve likely been dealing with an eye issue in your cat already, followed by glaucoma or even a shrinking of the eyeball.

    What Are the Causes of Eye Tumors in Cats?

    Cat eye tumors are fairly uncommon, but when they do occur, it’s likely the result of a combination of factors, ranging from genetics to the environment. Sun exposure may be linked to squamous cell carcinomas in the eyelids and the surrounding tissues of light-colored cats. UV light may also be linked to melanomas within the eye.

    Post-traumatic ocular sarcomas are tumors that can follow injuries or illnesses of the eye, such as chronic uveitis. These tumors often take several years to present, so you may not even associate the initial issue with the tumor when it finally shows up. There can also be a viral component to some cat eye cancers, with feline leukemia virus being the main culprit, increasing the risk for secondary lymphoma in a cat’s eye.

    The exact cause of feline eye tumors may not be pinpointed in every case, but your vet should be able to diagnose the specific type of tumor that your cat has.

    How Are Cat Eye Tumors Diagnosed?

    Take your kitty to the veterinarian when you start noticing signs of discomfort, such as redness, watering, or rubbing of the eye. Your vet will take it from there, doing a thorough exam of the eye, testing the internal pressures, running bloodwork, and potentially, doing an ultrasound of the eye to determine the cause of the issue. X-rays of the chest may also be taken to see whether the cancer has spread to the lungs.

    Your vet may refer you to a veterinary ophthalmologist for further diagnosis, or they may take a biopsy of the tumor to find out what it’s made of. The eye may need to be removed in order to biopsy tumors that are growing within.

    How Do I Care for a Cat With an Eye Tumor?

    Treating eye tumors will depend on the type that you’re dealing with. Squamous cell carcinomas or other types of tumors on the eyelids and conjunctiva may be removed surgically using a laser or cryotherapy. Large tumors may require removal of the eyeball, otherwise known as enucleation, along with the surrounding tissue and potentially, radiation or chemotherapy.

    Tumors on the eye may be treated by a veterinary ophthalmologist or oncologist with laser removal +/- radiation and chemotherapy, depending on where the tumor is. However, the most common treatment for these tumors or those that are within the eyeball is the removal of the entire eyeball if the tumor hasn’t yet spread to the lungs or other parts of the body. Any underlying conditions should also be treated.

    Removing an eye may seem like a scary prospect, but it’s important to know that not only can enucleation cure most ocular tumors that haven’t spread but also that cats often adjust quite well to life with one eye. They’ll need a bit of help from you initially but can live a fairly normal, healthy life afterward.

    Following enucleation, you’ll need to monitor your cat’s incision for drainage, redness, and odor. They may be prescribed antibiotics and medications for the pain. Help them out by putting all their necessities, such as food and water bowls, litter box, and bed in easy-to-reach areas, preferably on the floor for the first couple of weeks while they get used to their new field of vision and depth perception. Over time, you can gradually move these things back to where you want them, while still offering your kitty plenty of praise and affirmation and helping them as needed.

    Within a few weeks, most cats will feel fairly comfortable in their surroundings and can go back to their normal lives.

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    Image Credit: Ashley Swanson, Shutterstock

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

    Can Cat Eye Tumors Be Prevented?

    While there is no significant way to prevent eye tumors in cats, you can help by decreasing the amount of sun exposure that your kitty gets, especially if they’re light colored. Also, make sure your cat is up to date on vaccinations and help avoid eye injuries by supervising all interactions with unfamiliar animals.

    Is Cat Eye Cancer Painful?

    Tumors in and around the eye are often quite painful for cats. They may cause redness and swelling of the tissues around the eye, or they may increase the internal pressures, causing the eye to enlarge and bulge out. Felines with eye cancer often squint, have excessive watering or discharge, and repeatedly paw or rub at their eye, all of which are indicators of pain.

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    Conclusion

    Cat eye tumors are fairly uncommon issues in our feline friends. However, when they do show up, they tend to be cancerous and aggressive. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent tumor spread to the rest of the body. Eye issues aren’t anything to mess around with, so be sure to see your vet whenever your kitty is showing any signs of discomfort, redness, or tearing with their eyes.

    Featured Image Credit: Todorean_Gabriel, Shutterstock

    Dr. Chyrle Bonk DVM (Veterinarian)

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  • How to Get a Vet Prescription Online: 9 Steps & What to Expect – Catster

    How to Get a Vet Prescription Online: 9 Steps & What to Expect – Catster

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Your cat has been shaking their head nonstop, and it looks like they have an ear infection. You call your vet’s office to see when they can fit you in for an appointment. They say in five days. Five days!

    Frustrated, you call around, and no one is available. Inspiration strikes, and you check online. With the rapid emergence of telehealth, you can have your cat examined by a vet immediately.

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    When Should You Consider Using an Online Vet

    Knowing when you can or cannot use an online vet service might be difficult. The following are times when online veterinary care can benefit you and your pet:

    • Evaluating behaviors your dog only exhibits at home
    • Behavior changes such as anxiety and whether medications might help
    • Weight check-ins
    • Review signs of illness that your pet might exhibit
    • Allergy maintenance
    • Visual skin inspections
    • Choosing flea or heartworm prevention

    At times, an in-person exam is essential, such as:

    • Annual blood work visits
    • Vaccine appointments
    • Bleeding
    • Acute allergic reactions
    • Possible toy or toxic substance ingestion

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    The 9 Steps on How to Get a Vet Prescription Online

    1. Figure out which veterinary telehealth service is suitable.

    Your veterinarian might offer telehealth services, which are excellent because these visits can often be linked to your account and pet’s history.

    Depending on your state, not all online visits are created equal. Some states require that you have established an in-person veterinary-patient-client relationship before medication can be prescribed via a telehealth meeting. However, this is not always the case.

    Your pet might require a more specialized telehealth visit via the phone or internet, such as when contacting the Pet Poison Helpline. They’ll make toxicology recommendations to your veterinarian (and often you).

    female veterinarian doing online consultations
    Image Credit: Agenturfotografin, Shutterstock

    2. Gather any pertinent history to give to your online veterinarian.

    A complete history is essential for your veterinarian to diagnose and potentially treat your pet. An organized approach makes explaining your cat’s condition to the vet much easier, which is especially helpful since they can’t examine your pet in person.

    3. Schedule a time for your pet’s consultation.

    Consider having someone available to help you with your pet during the visits so that you can focus on answering your veterinarian’s questions. This extra person can help restrain your dog or cat, assist in positioning your pet so that the vet can see more clearly, or they can help take photos of skin lesions.

    woman holding a kitten while using her laptop
    Image Credit: Bondar Illia, Shutterstock

    4. Answer your veterinarian’s questions to the best of your ability.

    Many of us are guilty of embellishing the truth at one time or another, but your vet really needs you to say nothing but the truth. They’re not looking at your cat or dog in person, so they will need a very accurate picture. Knowing exactly how something smells, sounds, and looks is vital.

    5. Get a diagnosis and review the treatment plan with your veterinarian.

    Depending on how your vet plans to treat your pet, your furry family member might need prescription medications or a dosage adjustment of their current medication. Your vet might recommend over-the-counter treatment, such as Vetericyn, wound spray, or probiotics.

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    Image Credit: Hananeko_Studio, Shutterstock

    6. Ask the veterinarian about follow-up plans.

    Depending on the circumstances, some veterinarians will want you to have a follow-up visit with an in-person vet exam. They may also refer you directly to a veterinary specialty hospital or emergency facility.

    7. Order your medication.

    There are several options for fulfilling prescription medications or diets. Some online veterinarian telehealth programs partner with an online retailer like Chewy.com. Sometimes, prescriptions can be sent to a local pharmacy for pick up.

    8. Initiate treatment for your pet and monitor their progress.

    When you have your veterinarian’s directions, it’s time to implement the treatment plan.

    Follow the directions carefully, such as the frequency of bathing or how much food to feed for weight loss. Photos taken at home can help you track your progress. You could photograph skin lesions or keep a chart of your pet’s weight weekly.

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    Image Credit: Koldunov Alexey, Shutterstock

    9. Follow up with your veterinarian.

    Schedule a recheck appointment with your vet in person or via telehealth so the veterinarian can evaluate your cat’s progress and make changes as needed.

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    Can a virtual vet prescribe antibiotics?

    A virtual vet can only prescribe antibiotics or other prescription medications within the scope of the laws of your state. Generally, you must already have a valid VPCR (vet-patient-client relationship).

    What are some advantages of veterinary telemedicine?

    Generally speaking, many telehealth visits are less expensive than in-room exams. You also usually have fewer extraneous costs associated with it, such as missing work or gas to get to the veterinary clinic. You can often find more convenient times for telemedicine.

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    Conclusion

    In many areas, telemedicine is becoming increasingly common for both human medical concerns and those of our pets. The laws and restrictions on telemedicine are constantly changing, but your veterinarian or telehealth service will be able to let you know if they can prescribe medication for your dog or cat.

    Featured Image Credit: Miriam Doerr Martin Frommherz, Shutterstock

    Dr. Samantha Devine DVM (Veterinarian)

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  • Bloating in Cats: Our Vet Explains Causes, Signs & Care Tips – Catster

    Bloating in Cats: Our Vet Explains Causes, Signs & Care Tips – Catster

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Are you looking at your cat and noticing their belly looks swollen or slightly larger than normal? You might be wondering what is causing this change in appearance. There are several things that could be going on inside your cat’s belly. Our article will take you through these possibilities, give you signs of illness to watch out for, and let you know what to expect at the vet. We will also give you some pointers on keeping your cat healthy, although not every cause of bloating is preventable.

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    What Is Bloating?

    Bloating is the expansion of your cat’s abdomen to a larger-than-normal size. It is a vague sign and not an illness in itself. Bloating can occur in any cat of any age. A variety of conditions can lead to the appearance of a swollen belly.

    Another term used to describe bloating is “distended abdomen,” which you might hear your vet say. Some cases of bloating are serious, which is why it’s important to monitor your cat closely if they are bloated.

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    What Are the Signs of Bloating?

    mans hand on cat stomach
    Image Credit: Zhuravlev Andrey, Shutterstock

    While the only consistent sign of bloating is a distended abdomen, other signs can accompany bloating depending on the underlying cause. If your cat is bloated, you should evaluate their behavior so you can give your vet an accurate description of what’s going on at home.

    Signs to watch for include:

    • Changes in appetite and thirst
    • Diarrhea
    • Vomiting
    • Lethargy
    • Coughing or labored breathing
    • Changes in urination
    • Pale gums
    • Pain
    • Weight changes

    What Causes Bloating?

    A distended abdominal appearance can be caused by something out of the ordinary going on in the abdomen. Blood or fluid can accumulate outside the organs, known as ascites. Fat or pregnancy can cause the abdomen to enlarge. Organs can also become enlarged for various reasons, causing the abdomen to look bigger than normal.

    Some of the underlying causes of bloating include:

    • Pregnancy: If you own a female cat that hasn’t been spayed, she may be pregnant. Pregnancy can cause the abdomen to enlarge over the roughly two-month gestation period. Your cat’s nipples may get bigger as she gets close to giving birth.
    • Obesity: Excessive calorie consumption will lead to fatty deposits around your cat’s body. The main places your cat will store this fat are in the abdomen and primordial pouch, which is the flap of skin under the belly. They will also have fat covering the ribs.
    • Overeating: If your cat has gorged themselves on food that has been left out, their enlarged stomach can cause a bloated appearance. It is especially noticeable in slim cats and kittens. If this is the case, you want to ensure they haven’t eaten anything toxic and monitor for signs of gastrointestinal upset.
    • Gassiness: Some digestive problems can lead to excessive gas that bloats the abdomen. If your cat has gastrointestinal signs alongside a mildly bloated abdomen, this could be the cause.
    • Parasites: Intestinal worms can lead to abdominal bloating, which can easily be cured with a broad-spectrum deworming treatment. However, especially in kittens, worms can sometimes lead to problems like anemia or diarrhea, which may need further treatment.
    • Infection: Infections in the abdomen can lead to a build-up of pus. The pus may be contained in a pocket, which is called an abscess. Alternatively, infections of the entire abdominal cavity can occur secondary to intestinal rupture.
    • Feline infectious peritonitis: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral cause of fluid accumulation within the abdomen. It is more common in younger cats. There is now medication available that is highly effective in treating FIP.
    • Gastrointestinal blockage: Gastrointestinal blockages usually occur when your cat has eaten something non-digestible, and it gets stuck in their system. This can cause severe vomiting, and they may not defecate or only pass small/soft stools.
    • Urinary blockage: If your cat can’t urinate, the bladder enlarges, which can cause a mildly bloated look. Urinary blockages are fairly common in male cats but rare in females. It can quickly be fatal and is an emergency.
    • Congestive heart failure: When the heart stops pumping blood efficiently, fluid can accumulate in the lungs or abdomen. Congestive heart failure can be treated with medication; however, it can be life-threatening.
    • Cancer: Cancer in the abdomen can cause an abdominal mass, which shifts organs to the side and takes up space, causing the abdomen to enlarge. Cancers can also leak fluid, which can cause ascites.
    • Uterine infection: A uterine infection, or pyometra, to use the medical term, is rare in cats. However, if it happens, it can lead to an enlarged uterus, which can give the abdomen an enlarged appearance.
    • Cushing’s disease: This is also rare in cats, but Cushing’s disease can cause hair loss and a distended abdomen. The abdomen is usually large due to an enlarged liver and increased abdominal fat.

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    Diagnosing Bloating in Your Cat

    Hispanic woman working in modern vet clinic talking to bengal cats owner
    Image Credit: Pressmaster, Shutterstock

    To diagnose the cause of bloat in your cat, you must book a veterinary appointment. Some cases of bloat require emergency veterinary attention. We recommend immediately visiting the after-hours clinic if your cat has collapsed, can’t urinate, or has trouble breathing.

    You may also need urgent veterinary care if your cat is at risk of becoming dehydrated, such as when they are not eating and drinking or losing a lot of fluid in vomit or diarrhea. Similarly, if your cat is lethargic, has a fever, or has pale gums, you should get them help sooner rather than later.

    What to Expect at the Vet

    Your vet will examine your cat, taking their temperature and palpating their abdomen. They will also ask questions about your cat to gain an understanding of their illness, lifestyle, and general history. These factors can help your vet determine which causes of bloating are more likely in your cat.

    If your cat’s case is relatively straightforward, your vet might come up with a treatment plan or preliminary diagnosis based on their examination. However, they may also need further diagnostic tests to determine what is causing your cat’s illness.

    These tests could include:

    • Blood tests
    • Fecal tests
    • Urine analysis
    • Imaging like ultrasound or X-rays
    • Abdominal fluid sampling and cytology
    • Biopsy

    Your vet will then make a treatment plan based on your cat’s diagnosis. For example, if your cat is pregnant, your vet will give instructions to help her through the birth and raising of kittens.

    Your cat may need a change in diet or weight loss. They could need medications or even a hospital stay if they are unwell. Some cats may also require surgery to make a recovery. Those with cancer could go on to receive radiation or chemotherapy.

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    Image Credit: PRESSLAB, Shutterstock

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    How Do I Care for a Cat With Bloating?

    As you now know, many causes of bloating are serious, while others are easily treatable. That is why you should first take your cat to the vet if you are worried about a bloated abdomen. The treatment for your cat will depend on the underlying cause, and it can range from weight loss to deworming medication or even surgery.

    There are a few ways to prevent some causes of bloat in your cat. This mainly involves taking excellent care of your pet.

    Diet

    A good quality and nutritionally balanced diet is necessary to keep your cat in top shape. Kittens need a special diet with more protein and calories to support their growth. Senior cats can also benefit from specialized diets, as can cats with certain health conditions.

    For an otherwise healthy adult cat, you can choose wet or dry food or a combination of both. We recommend using brands that have meat as the first ingredient, and ideally, you should choose something with all-natural, quality ingredients. For cats with digestive or other health problems, your veterinarian can advise you about the best diet options.

    Portion Control

    Maintaining a healthy body condition score is essential for a cat’s health since overweight cats are more prone to joint problems, diabetes, urinary issues, and cancer1. While exercise and play have a role in weight loss, especially in more sedentary indoor cats, feeding the appropriate number of calories is even more important.

    Commercial cat foods generally come with a feeding guide, but keep in mind that this is only a guide as it doesn’t consider your cat’s metabolism, health, activity levels, weight, and other factors. That is why you may have to adjust their portions according to their weight or your vet’s recommendations.

    Smiling latin woman feeding her hungry cat at home
    Image Credit: Rido, Shutterstock

    Health Checks

    Keeping your cat up to date with regular checkups can help detect problems early. During these checkups, your cat will be examined and given vaccinations as needed. Your veterinarian can also discuss health or behavioral concerns during these routine examinations.

    Parasite Prevention

    Parasite prevention can be obtained over the counter, but many need a veterinary prescription to purchase. Adult cats should be dewormed every 3 months, and young kittens are dewormed every 2­–4 weeks, depending on their age. In addition to intestinal worms, heartworms, fleas, ticks, and mites can be prevented using routine preventatives. They will keep your cat in good condition.

    Spaying and Neutering

    Spaying and neutering your cats will eliminate the possibility of an unwanted pregnancy. With so many cats and kittens waiting for homes, allowing your cat to breed is unethical unless you are a registered and responsible breeder. Spaying and neutering also prevent certain diseases, like uterine infection, ovarian cancer, and testicular cancer.

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    What Does a Distended Abdomen Look Like in Cats?

    A distended abdomen looks like a big swollen belly, much larger than its usual appearance. If the belly is filled with fluid, it can feel like a water balloon. Sometimes, the distended abdomen is firm or doughy. A vet can sometimes feel masses or kittens in a distended abdomen.

    What Does a FIP Belly Feel Like?

    Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) typically causes fluid in the abdomen. An FIP belly is filled with fluid and feels like a water balloon. If you gently tap the belly, you can sometimes feel a fluid wave on the other side.

    cat being examined by vet at the clinic
    Image Credit: Libre, Shutterstock

    Why is My Cat’s Belly So Big?

    Your cat’s belly could be big due to any cause of bloat. Your cat’s age, breed, history, and signs at home will help the vet gauge the likely causes of your cat’s swollen belly. If your cat shows any signs of illness, you should take them to the vet.

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    Conclusion

    If your cat has a bloated abdomen, they are showing signs that could be related to pregnancy, weight gain, overeating, or illness. You should closely monitor your cat for any other signs and have them seen by a vet to see if they are unwell or the bloating persists. Most cases of extreme bloating require urgent veterinary attention.

    Featured Image Credit: Zhuravlev Andrey, Shutterstock

    Dr. Ashley Darby BVSc (Veterinarian)

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  • Is Cocoa Butter Safe for Dogs? Vet-Reviewed Safety & Advice – Dogster

    Is Cocoa Butter Safe for Dogs? Vet-Reviewed Safety & Advice – Dogster

    Dr. Ashley Darby Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    You might be suspicious of cocoa butter when you have dogs. After all, we’ve had it beat into our heads for years that cocoa is toxic—chocolate is bad, bad, bad! But cocoa butter has a different composition, so you may wonder is it safe for dogs?

    In general, yes, cocoa butter is safe for dogs when used topically. It contains trace amounts of theobromine, the compound in chocolate that is toxic to dogs, but if a little is licked off their skin it won’t hurt your dog.

    Let’s explore cocoa butter’s safety for dogs a little more in this article.

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    What Is Cocoa Butter?

    Cocoa butter, which is also called theobroma oil, is pale yellow in color and considered an edible fat that is extracted from the cacao plant. This is the same plant that chocolate comes from, which is why many pet owners are concerned about cocoa butter’s safety. But cocoa butter is a  substance that is often used to make ointments, pharmaceuticals, and other toiletries, as well as being used in some sweet treats and baked goods.

    Despite its name, cocoa butter does not contain any butter or animal products. It is actually considered a vegan substance and it is completely harmless to dogs when used topically.

    But since cocoa butter is typically used topically, you can actually use doggy specific items with this ingredient in it. It does have nourishing properties that soothe the skin, so it’s excellent for certain things.

    Butter, Cocoa and JamButter, Cocoa and Jam
    Photo by Rebekah Vos, Unsplash

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    How Is Cocoa Butter Different Than Chocolate?

    We have it drilled in our brains as pet owners that cocoa and chocolate is terrible for our pets. But to understand this better, we need to know exactly what it is about cocoa that is toxic and how it differs from what cocoa butter is.

    Cocoa contains a component called theobromine, which is a type of methylxanthine that is toxic to dogs. If a chocolate is darker or more bitter, it contains a higher amount of the substance. Since white chocolate is made of cocoa butter and no cocoa solids, it has the lowest risk, while the darkest chocolate obviously contains the highest.

    While cocoa butter does not have the same level of theobromine as chocolate, it does still contain trace amounts of theobromine since it comes from the same plant as chocolate. That being said, it would take massive amounts of pure cocoa butter to cause any problems, so if your dog licks a bit off their skin they should be fine. If the product you use is not 100% cocoa butter then the chances of toxicity are even lower. Realistically your dog is more likely to have issues related to fat ingestion like pancreatitis or weight gain if they eat cocoa butter.

    For reference, a study has shown that cocoa can contain around 26,000 mg/kg but there is only around 140 mg/kg in cocoa butter. So ingesting cocoa butter won’t cause the same level of toxicity as ingesting chocolate would, but it can still result in an upset stomach for your dog, especially if you have a small dog.

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    Image Credit: Przemek Iciak, Shutterstock

     

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    Cocoa Butter & It’s Safety

    Cocoa butter is generally considered safe for dogs, topically only. It is often used in balms, conditioners, and other pet products to soften the skin and coat. So, if you’ve recently seen this ingredient listed in one of the products you bought for your pet, you can relax! It is not going to cause any problems for your canine companion provided that they don’t ingest a lot of it.

    Cocoa butter can promote benefits that are:

    • Healing: Cocoa butter can help itchy areas, so it’s great for dogs with allergies! It can also help speedily heal up abrasions, bites, and other hot spots.
    • Conditioning: Cocoa butter works great in conditioners as it helps detangle the fur and nourish the skin.
    • Moisturizing: Cocoa butter can provide a protective layer, helping the skin’s moisture barrier.

    If you’re planning on using cocoa butter by itself for your dog, though, it’s best to use only products specifically designed for dogs. Human formulas could contain additional ingredients that are harmful for dogs. Human creams are also designed for human skin. Our dogs have thinner and less acidic skin than we do meaning that human products can make their skin worse.

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    Credit: Te9I, Shutterstock

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    Conclusion

    So now you understand a little bit more about cocoa butter and its safety. Keep in mind that cocoa butter is not cocoa, so it’s not as toxic to dogs, but it does contain trace amounts of theobromine so it should only be used topically.

    If you have recently bought a balm or conditioner for your dog, you don’t have to freak out about it being on the ingredients label. It’s perfectly safe as long as your dog doesn’t ingest a lot of it, and it can soothe and repair your dog’s skin!

    Featured Image Credit: rodeopix, Pixabay

    Ashley Bates

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  • Can Dogs Eat Paprika? Vet-Reviewed Dangers & Safe Alternatives – Dogster

    Can Dogs Eat Paprika? Vet-Reviewed Dangers & Safe Alternatives – Dogster

    Dr. Amanda Charles Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    It’s hard to resist those puppy dog eyes when your canine companion begs for a bite of whatever you’re eating. In many cases, the food you’re consuming is safe for your dog to eat (though probably not healthy), but in other cases, you could end up feeding your pup something harmful and not just unhealthy. An excellent example of this is feeding your pet any food with spices on it, as many spices are harmful or even toxic to your furry friend.

    If you like to eat spicy food, you might use a lot of paprika in your cooking, but can you give your pet food with paprika on it? Can dogs eat paprika? While this spice isn’t toxic to canines, feeding it to them is not advisable. This spice can be quite harmful to your pup if they consume too much, so it’s best to just avoid giving them any altogether.

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    What Is Paprika?

    Paprika is a spice which is made from dried red peppers, usually a variety of Capsicum annuum. Some paprika is just the ground powder of dried bell peppers, while other versions of paprika are a mix of ground powders from Aleppo peppers and chili peppers. Due to the differences in paprika and the ratio of sweet and spicy varieties of peppers found in it, this spice can have varying flavors and spice levels.

    You may find yourself with sweet paprika, which has the chili seeds removed during the process of creating it, making it less spicy. Or you could find yourself with hot paprika, which is much spicier than sweet paprika and typically has the chili seeds left during the creation process.

    Want to know just how sweet and hot paprika compare in their levels of spice? The Scoville scale measures exactly how hot chili peppers are. Sweet paprika is mild enough to only register 100 to 250 SHU on this scale, while hot paprika normally registers anywhere between 500 to 1,000 SHU. For reference, jalapenos register between 2,500 and 8,000 SHU on the Scoville scale. So, paprika isn’t the spiciest spice out there, but it can still be pretty spicy.

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    Image Credit: New Africa, Shutterstock

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    Why Can’t Dogs Eat Paprika?

    So, why should dogs not eat paprika? The reason is that it contains capsaicin, which is the compound that makes it spicy. Our four-legged friends can’t handle spice as well as we can, so even mildly spicy things could cause irritation to the mouth or nose or leave them with an upset stomach. Our pups need to stick to bland foods, not foods containing spices such as paprika.

    Dangers of Feeding Paprika to Dogs

    Paprika may not be toxic to our pups, but it isn’t without its dangers. Sweet paprika will likely affect your dog less than hot paprika, but both versions should be avoided to be safe.

    The main danger to feeding paprika to your dog is that the capsaicin in this spice can cause your pup to experience digestive issues, such as gastrointestinal upset, vomiting, and diarrhea.

    Paprika can also cause irritation to your pup’s mouth and nose. If your dog inhales a snoutful of paprika, they could end up with a sensitive nose and throat, leading to sneezing, coughing, and drooling. Eating hot paprika could also irritate your pet’s tongue or the inside of their mouth (think about how much your tongue hurts when you eat too much of something hot or sour).

    All that spice burning the mouth could also make your pup extremely thirsty, leading them to drink a ton of water to eliminate the sensation. However, water does not reduce spiciness; rather, capsaicin is oil-based, so the molecules will spread around the mouth even more 1. Since your pet does not know this, they might drink even more water. If this occurs and your pet drinks too much water, it could lead to stomach pain and bloating.

    Finally, there is a rare risk to paprika. This spice contains solanine, a compound found in vegetables from the nightshade family, including bell peppers.2 Solanine could be dangerous to your dog as too much can lead to an overdose; however, this is only a concern if your pet eats a massive quantity of paprika. Just a lick of this spice won’t cause a solanine overdose, so the chances of this being a significant danger are very small.

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    Are There Any Dog-Safe Spices?

    There are a few spices that are safe for your pup to consume in small amounts. You should always check with your vet before using even dog-safe spices, though, to ensure it is 100% safe for your pup.

    Turmeric

    Turmeric is a spice known for its anti-inflammatory effects, so it could benefit your pup’s health, particularly if used as a supplement. Always check with your vet before giving your dog any supplements, though!

    Cinnamon

    Cinnamon may also offer anti-inflammatory benefits and a small amount of cinnamon powder is considered safe as an addition to your dog’s meal or baked into homemade dog treats. Take care though as this spice is often combined with nutmeg which is toxic to dogs. Larger amounts of cinnamon can cause health issues, it can irritate a dog’s mouth or stomach and even cause liver disease. Inhaling cinnamon powder can also irritate their respiratory system causing coughing and breathing difficulties.

    Ginger

    Small amounts of ginger may help ease stomach upset. Ginger is known for helping relieve nausea, but it may also aid in digestion. This spice can be powerful, though, so it’s another to use sparingly.

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    Image Credit: grafvision, Shutterstock

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    Conclusion

    Paprika isn’t toxic to our canine pals, but it isn’t safe for them and should be avoided. Sweet paprika may not be extremely harmful to dogs, but hot paprika can cause digestive issues, irritation to the nose and throat, excessive thirst, and if a pup eats an overabundance of it, there’s a possible risk of solanine overdose. Before adding any spices to your dog’s diet, even ones considered safe, check with your vet; all dogs are different, and what’s suitable for one may not be suitable for another.

    Featured Image Credit: MAHATHIR MOHD YASIN, Shutterstock

    Misty Layne

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  • Why Does My Dog Bite His Nails? 7 Reasons & Ideas to Redirect It (Vet Answer) – Dogster

    Why Does My Dog Bite His Nails? 7 Reasons & Ideas to Redirect It (Vet Answer) – Dogster

    Dr. Ashley Darby Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    When you settle down to sleep or watch movies with your dog, there’s nothing worse than the sound of them obsessively going at their nails. If you want to fix the issue, you need to understand why they’re doing it in the first place. There are many possible reasons your pup could be biting their nails, but usually, they are biting because they are itchy, irritated, or for behavioral reasons. In this article, we will look at the most common reasons your dog won’t leave their feet alone and what to do until you can get your pup to the vet.

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    The 7 Possible Reasons for Nail Biting

    1. Allergies

    Allergies can make your dog’s paws very itchy and make them chew, bite, and lick the area. Allergies to things your dog walks on, like grass, plants, pesticides, carpet, or bedding, can make their feet itchy when they come into contact with them. Other allergies, like seasonal or food allergies, can also make your dog’s feet itchy.

    There is no cure for allergies, but management strategies and treatments are available. If you can work out what your dog is allergic to, sometimes you can avoid contact with that substance. Options like medication, special diets, and allergy testing are available to help your dog.

    brown dog licking its pawbrown dog licking its paw
    Image Credit: MDV Edwards, Shutterstock

    2. Behavior Problems

    Some dogs enjoy licking and biting their nails, but if the behavior becomes excessive or causes issues like infection or bald spots, there is cause for concern. Your dog could be bored, anxious, or have a behavioral disorder. Sticking to a good care routine and providing physical and mental stimulation can help stressed and bored dogs.

    Look for signs of anxiety such as panting, restlessness, shaking, and vocalizing. Dogs with generalized anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorders frequently need to be medicated to control their signs, so talk to your vet about it.

    3. Foreign Body

    If your dog’s behavior has started suddenly, something may be embedded in or around the nails. A grass awn, stinger, or splinter could be embedded in the paw. If you can completely remove the foreign body and check for injuries, you might resolve the issue at home.

    Before the object is removed, you should clean the area with a dog-safe antiseptic like chlorhexidine to prevent infection. However, if you can’t get the object out completely or there are larger breaks in the skin, you should visit the vet for help.

    dog licking its pawdog licking its paw
    Image Credit: KPhrom, Shutterstock

    4. Infection

    Infections around the paw and the nails can take a few forms. Infections are usually secondary to something else. Nail bed infections are common and can involve yeast, which creates a black discharge around the base of the nail. Yeast infections can cause a black discharge in between the paw pads.

    Infections can also be bacterial and tend to cause inflammation and sores. A medicated shampoo with antibacterial and antifungal ingredients can take care of mild infections, but if you notice signs like swelling, pain, or excessive discharge, a vet will need to prescribe something stronger to clear the infection as soon as possible.

    5. Parasites

    If your dog has picked up a tick, it can embed itself in the skin around the nail and between the paw pads. It may look like your dog is biting their nails as they try to get the tick off. If you find a tick, you should remove it as soon as possible and disinfect the area with chlorhexidine.

    Depending on your location, you may also need to watch for signs of Lyme disease; contact your vet for advice if you’re unsure. Fleas can also cause itchy paws, but typically, dogs with fleas are itchy all over.

    golden retriever dog licking its pawgolden retriever dog licking its paw
    Image Credit: Scatto61, Shutterstock

    6. Injury

    Nail injuries are very common, especially in dogs with long nails. They can splinter, break, or be torn off. Additionally, dogs running on abrasive surfaces like stone can wear their nails to the point of bleeding. Sometimes, the nails grow so long that they dig into a dog’s skin, causing pain.

    Your dog may also look like they are biting their nails if they are licking a wound in that area. An insect may also have bitten your dog on the foot if the behavior started suddenly. If you can, trim the nails to resolve any breaks, but don’t cut the quick, which is the sensitive tissue inside the nail. You should go to the vet if you can’t treat the injury with nail clippers and antiseptic.

    7. Cancer

    Lumps and bumps, especially those with discharge, can cause your dog to bite at their feet and around their nails. Skin cancers can pop up just about anywhere. If you notice an unusual lump on your dog, your vet should examine it.

    They may take a sample from the lump to determine if it’s cancerous. If needed, they can schedule surgery to remove the lump. The timely removal of skin cancers can save your dog’s life.

    Veterinary Surgeon Treating Dog In SurgeryVeterinary Surgeon Treating Dog In Surgery
    Image Credit: VP Photo Studio, Shutterstock

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    What to Do About Nail Biting

    Check the Paw

    If your dog will allow it, look at the paw carefully, checking the top and underside, between the toes, and the nails themselves. Look for any apparent discharge, redness, swelling, injuries, or foreign bodies.

    Some dogs will let you clip the hair around the paw to see better, which is usually only necessary for long-haired dogs. For everyone’s safety, you might need someone to hold your dog or even to use a muzzle during this process, but please don’t stress your dog, and take them to a vet if you cannot check their paws.

    Stop the Biting

    Excessive licking and biting can cause infections and other problems. Hands down, the best way to temporarily stop your dog is the dreaded Elizabethan collar. If you have one on hand, put it on your dog until they stop wanting to bite their feet, or you visit the vet.

    Alternatives include a bitter spray or putting a sock over the leg. Unfortunately, sometimes, these measures don’t work and can lead to complications, such as your dog ingesting a sock or wounds under the bandage if not used correctly.

    Black and Tan dog using a collar after surgeryBlack and Tan dog using a collar after surgery
    Image Credit: Masarik, Shutterstock

    Visit the Vet

    If you haven’t been able to resolve the cause of the licking within a few hours, you should make a veterinary appointment. This appointment can be urgent if your dog shows signs of illness like vomiting, lethargy, or not wanting to eat.

    You also want to get your dog examined fairly quickly if there is a bad smell or discharge from the paws or if you notice any injuries or lumps.

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    Final Thoughts

    Some causes of nail biting are more obvious than others. If the behavior is excessive or out of character for your dog and you can’t tell what is going on, you should visit a vet sooner rather than later.

    Sometimes, you can help your dog at home and resolve the problem, but that is not always true. It’s better to be safe than sorry if you’re unsure.

    Featured Image Credit: Aleks Images, Shutterstock

    Dr. Ashley Darby BVSc (Veterinarian)

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  • Why Do Dogs Love Cheese So Much? Vet-Reviewed Facts & Considerations – Dogster

    Why Do Dogs Love Cheese So Much? Vet-Reviewed Facts & Considerations – Dogster

    Dr. Chyrle Bonk Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


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    It’s common knowledge that most dogs go crazy for cheese. In fact, cheese is often used as a high-value training treat because dogs love it so much. While it’s not 100% certain, it may be due to its pungent smell, savory flavor, or soft texture. We’ll go over a few possible reasons why your dog might love cheese and how to feed cheese to your dog safely.

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    The 4 Reasons Why Your Dog Loves Cheese

    Dogs have different food preferences, so it’s perfectly okay if your dog doesn’t enjoy eating cheese. However, many dogs that have eaten cheese usually really love it. Here are some possible reasons why your dog may be obsessed with cheese.

    1. Smell

    Dogs are known to like strong, stinky smells, so some types of cheese are often right up their alley. It’s not completely certain why dogs like smelly odors, but it’s possible that pungent smells pique their curiosity due to containing layered scents.

    It’s likely you don’t let your dog sniff or roll around in stinky things. So, your dog is probably thrilled that they get to eat something smelly when they normally don’t get to interact with these types of things.

    Jack-Russell-Terrier-begging-the-hostess-cheeseJack-Russell-Terrier-begging-the-hostess-cheese
    Image Credit: Irina-Senkova-Shutterstock

    2. Savory Flavor

    Dogs can enjoy eating various foods with different flavors, but they tend to have an affinity for savory foods over sweet ones. One reason they likely prefer savory flavors is because they evolved to eat meat. Therefore, cheese may taste more palatable to dogs than other types of foods like fruit and vegetables.

    3. A Source of Fat

    Despite getting a bad rap, fat is an essential nutrient for dogs and they often like the taste. Dogs use fat for energy, and fat helps absorb certain fat-soluble vitamins. Fatty acids also promote skin and coat health and may decrease inflammation.

    Along with containing a substantial amount of fat, some cheeses can be a good source of other essential vitamins and minerals. Certain cheeses can contain substantial amounts of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B12, zinc, phosphorus, and riboflavin. So, while your dog likely won’t appreciate the nutritional value, they may like the taste these nutrients provide.

    4. Texture

    Many dogs enjoy chewing on different types of textures. Some dogs will love the soft and chewy texture of slices of cheese, while others can spend hours gnawing on a hard yak cheese stick. Chewing on different textures can be a stimulating and enriching activity for dogs and help keep boredom at bay.

    woman sitting on sofa and giving treat cute pembroke welsh corgi dogwoman sitting on sofa and giving treat cute pembroke welsh corgi dog
    Image Credit: LightField Studios, Shutterstock

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    Is Cheese Safe for Dogs to Eat?

    Most types of cheese are safe for most dogs to eat as long as it’s fed in moderation. Cheese is high in fat and calories, so dogs can gain weight relatively quickly if they eat too much of it. Therefore, cheese is best reserved as a special treat, and it is often an excellent high-value treat for dog training.

    Since dogs can be lactose-intolerant, make sure only to give your dog a small piece if it’s their first time trying cheese. If your dog gets an upset stomach from eating cheese, refrain from feeding it to them again.

    It’s also important to check with your veterinarian if your dog has specific health issues or is taking medication or supplements. Sometimes, dogs require sticking to a strict diet, and cheese may cause complications to their health and recovery.

    Avoid Blue Cheeses

    Beware of blue cheeses, as they can cause dogs to get extremely sick. Blue cheeses, like Roquefort, Stilton, and Gorgonzola, contain roquefortine C, and many dogs are sensitive to it. Depending on how much blue cheese a dog consumes, they can experience vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, twitching, excessive panting, or seizures. If your dog eats any type of blue cheese or moldy cheese, it’s best to contact your veterinarian or a pet poison hotline right away to ensure your dog gets the help they need as quickly as possible.

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    Image Credit: Pressmaster, Shutterstock

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    Conclusion

    Dogs may love cheese because of its strong, pungent smell and savory flavor. Regardless of the reasons why your dog loves cheese, make sure to only feed it to them in moderation. Too much cheese can cause an upset stomach or excessive weight gain and obesity in the long run. Reserving cheese as a special snack will ensure your dog can enjoy eating it in healthy portions.

    Featured Image Credit: Igor Normann, Shutterstock

    Jessica Kim

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  • Why Do Dogs Cry in Their Sleep? 4 Vet-Reviewed Likely Reasons – Dogster

    Why Do Dogs Cry in Their Sleep? 4 Vet-Reviewed Likely Reasons – Dogster

    Dr. Amanda Charles Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


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    Have you ever been snuggling up to your pup while they drift into dreamland, only to be startled by your snoozing dog suddenly whining or crying in their sleep? This isn’t a particularly unusual behavior for dogs, but it can be quite concerning the first few times you experience it. Most dogs who cry in their sleep are dreaming, but there are other potential reasons for this behavior.

    Read on to learn more about why dogs whimper while asleep.

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    The 4 Reasons Why Dogs Cry in Their Sleep

    1. They’re Dreaming

    The most common reason your pup is crying in their sleep is that they’re dreaming. Dogs have similar sleep cycles to humans in that they go through periods of light and heavy sleep. They go through sleep stages similar to ours, including light, deep, and rapid eye movement (REM). It’s during the REM stage that your pup may begin dreaming.

    Although we can’t prove that dogs dream without a doubt, their brain waves during REM suggest that they do.

    Larger dogs will have more extended REM periods, while their smaller counterparts will have shorter periods. This basically means that smaller breeds will alternate between their REM and non-REM sleep stages more frequently, so they often dream more.

    Peaceful dog sleeping in his orange bad by the night lightPeaceful dog sleeping in his orange bad by the night light
    Image Credit: Daniel Besic, Shutterstock

    2. They’re Uncomfortable

    Another potential reason your dog is crying in their sleep is that they’re experiencing some degree of physical discomfort. Like humans, dogs can experience aches, pains, muscle twitches, and cramps while they’re asleep. Some medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure or acid reflux, can cause discomfort when your dog lies down.

    If your pup is crying while they’re lying down, check to see if they’re actually asleep. If you have reason to believe they’re awake, we recommend making an appointment with their veterinarian to see what’s going on.

    3. They’re Aging

    Aging dogs experience many changes to their bodies, which may contribute to their sleep crying. They may be in pain from aching joints or even experiencing cognitive changes that severely impact their sleep quantity and quality.

    Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) is the dog version of Alzheimer’s disease. Dogs with this condition may experience severe sleep dysfunction. Studies show that dogs with worsening cognitive functioning spend less time in REM and non-REM sleep. This means they’d have less time to dream and spend much more of their day awake. If you’ve ever gone an extended time without sleep, you know how much that can affect every aspect of your life. When they do finally manage to fall asleep, their brains don’t turn off the way they used to when they were younger.

    a beagle sleeping with one eye opena beagle sleeping with one eye open
    Image Credit: James Douglas Stewart, Shutterstock

    4. They Have a Health Condition

    Certain health conditions may cause your pup to cry in their sleep.

    For example, most dogs with seizures will have them while they’re awake or shortly after waking; however, some get them while they’re resting or asleep. It can be challenging to determine whether your sleeping dog is just dreaming or having a seizure, though those having a seizure will typically wake up disoriented and may pant or drool. They can sometimes urinate or defecate on themselves.

    If you believe your dog is having seizures, it’s best to have them evaluated by your veterinary team. Try to get video evidence of your pup’s curious sleep behaviors so your vet can get a better idea of what could be plaguing them.

    Things like anxiety and past trauma can also cause your dog to cry in their sleep.

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    Should I Wake My Dog Up From a Nightmare?

    If you believe that your dog’s sleep crying is due to them having a nightmare, you might wonder if you should wake them up. It’s clear that they’re anxious and uncomfortable, but is waking them up the right thing to do?

    No, it would be best if you actually didn’t wake your dog up from a dream. Sleep, especially the REM cycle your pup is in while actively dreaming, is an essential aspect of your dog’s health. Interrupting their sleep can have negative impacts on their health over time.

    Additionally, suddenly waking up a dog in a nightmare can startle them and may make them unintentionally bite or snap at you.

    Young woman hugging ang kissing a cute sleepy chihuahua dogYoung woman hugging ang kissing a cute sleepy chihuahua dog
    Image Credit: Chay_Tee, Shutterstock

    When Should I Be Concerned About My Dog’s Sleep Crying?

    While sleep crying is typically not a cause for concern, it can be if this is an unusual behavior for your pup.

    If visible signs of distress accompany your dog’s sleep whimpers, such as excessive drooling, abnormal respiration, or trembling, it doesn’t hurt to have them examined by a vet. The same is true if your dog suddenly picks up out-of-character behaviors while they’re awake, too.

    If your pup’s sleep crying is a new behavior, keep a closer eye on them than usual to look for other signs of illness.

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    Final Thoughts

    So long as your dog is healthy and doesn’t exhibit any new or concerning behaviors while awake or asleep, their sleep crying is most likely the result of a dream. Since dreaming is a normal part of their sleep cycle, we don’t recommend waking them up, even if they appear to be having a nightmare.

    Featured Image Credit: sherwood, Shutterstock

    Chantelle Fowler

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  • Bulldog Tail Pocket Infection: Vet-Approved Prevention & Care Guide – Dogster

    Bulldog Tail Pocket Infection: Vet-Approved Prevention & Care Guide – Dogster

    Dr. Amanda Charles Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


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    As a Bulldog owner, you know there are some non-negotiable parts of your grooming regimen. For example, your pup’s facial wrinkles are part of what makes them so adorable, but they can also be very time-consuming to clean. But did you know that there’s another non-negotiable part of Bulldog grooming that you might be overlooking?

    Tail pockets are skin folds around the base of a dog’s tail. These pockets, like your pup’s facial wrinkles, can accumulate moisture, dirt and debris and become a breeding ground for bacteria and yeasts. It needs to be part of your regular grooming regimen to prevent infections. Read on to learn more about tail pocket infections, including how to care for and prevent them.

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    What Is Bulldog Tail Pocket Infection?

    Also known as a tail fold, a tail pocket is a pouch-like area or skin fold found above or below a dog’s tail. The presence of a tail pocket mostly depends on the tail structure and genetics, they are common in breeds with shorter tails and wrinkles. English and French Bulldogs are particularly prone to developing tail pockets due to their short and often tightly-curled corkscrew tails.

    Tail pockets are not always easily visible, some Bulldogs may have shallow or hidden tail folds that are not obvious.  To check to see if your pup has a tail pocket, put on a pair of gloves and gently push your finger around the base of the tail. If there’s a gap or you see an indentation, that’s a tail pocket!

    Tail pockets don’t always cause issues, but they can be quite bothersome and irritating for your pup when they do. Infections can occur as the pocket’s indent holds onto moisture, causing dirt and debris to build up, and bacteria and yeast to overgrow.

    What Are the Signs of Bulldog Tail Pocket Infection?

    The signs of a tail pocket infection in Bulldogs include:

    • Dry, flaky, or itchy skin around the tail
    • Irritated skin around the tail
    • Foul odor
    • Discharge in the tail pocket
    • Discomfort
    • Pain

    What Are the Causes of Bulldog Tail Pocket Infection?

    Think of your pup’s tail pocket as your belly button. You know how nasty yours can smell if it’s not cleaned, especially deep belly buttons. The same can apply to your Bulldog’s tail pocket.

    The skin fold creates a warm and moist environment in the tail pocket making it the perfect environment for bacteria and yeast to flourish and multiply leading to infections.

    Tail pockets aren’t usually a cause for concern so long as they’re kept clean. However, as soon as dirt, debris, and moisture are allowed to build up, inflammation and infections can occur. Your pup may develop bacterial or yeast infections.

    an english bulldog getting examined by a vetan english bulldog getting examined by a vet
    Image Credit: Branislav Nenin, Shutterstock

    How Do I Care for a Bulldog With a Tail Pocket Infection?

    See Your Vet

    If you suspect your dog has a tail pocket infection, check in with your veterinary team before treating it at home. Your vet knows your dog best and can make personalized recommendations for addressing the issue at hand.

    Your veterinarian will begin by cleaning your Bulldog’s tail pocket area and may also prescribe antibiotics or topical medications to keep your pup comfortable and prevent the infection from worsening. They may take a sample of the discharge to look at under the microscope and identify the type of infection. In more severe infections they may also send swabs off to a laboratory for fungal and bacterial culture.

    Perform At-Home Care

    Once you’ve seen your vet, you can try several things at home to address your pup’s tail pocket issues, but only do so under the supervision of your veterinary team.

    Get to know the curvatures and depth of the skin folds around your dog’s tail to make sure you can keep it clean in the future. Remember if infection is present it may be quite sensitive.

    Remove any dirt and debris from the pocket using safe, natural, dog-friendly wipes. Your vet may recommend medicated wipes, for example those that contain antiseptic ingredients such as chlorhexidine. Ask your vet for advice on the best product to use to keep the tail fold clean. Once the area is clean, be sure to dry it thoroughly; otherwise, moisture can get trapped and create more problems. Use a fresh cloth or cotton ball to gently pat the pocket area until it’s fully dry.

    If your vet recommends it, you can apply a soothing balm or spray to prevent infection or irritation.

    You should not pop any blisters or pus-filled bumps your Bulldog may have developed near the infected area. This can cause further irritation and make the infection worse.

    Hydrogen peroxide is sometimes used to clean wounds, but this practice is actually quite dangerous. It can harm and irritate the tissue and delay the healing process, so leave the hydrogen peroxide in your medicine cabinet for now.

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

    Do other breeds get tail pocket infections?

    Many short-tailed breeds have tail pockets, so while this condition is most seen in bulldog breeds, any pup with wrinkly skin can develop it. Some of the most common non-bulldog breeds that get tail pocket infections are Pugs and Shar-Peis.

    How can I prevent tail pocket infections?

    Wrinkles are a Bulldog’s trademark. The ones on their face and body are easily visible, which means there’s always a visual reminder that your pup needs their wrinkles cleaned. However, the tail pocket is not always visible, and because it’s located in an area of the body that doesn’t require much grooming or attention, it’s easy to forget about. But that shouldn’t be an excuse for completely forgoing this essential piece of your Bulldog’s grooming regimen.

    Tail pocket infections can usually be prevented by being proactive and ensuring your Bulldog’s tail pocket is cleaned regularly. After cleaning the area, ensure it’s fully dry before letting your pup go.

    What if my Bulldog’s tail pocket infection keeps coming back?

    Some Bulldogs may have extremely deep tail pocket indents that make keeping them clean and infection-free nearly impossible. In these situations, your veterinary team may recommend surgical correction with full or partial tail amputation. They’ll discuss with you the pros and cons of such a procedure and what you should expect afterward as it pertains to your pup’s hygiene. Surgical removal of the tail folds can permanently alleviate the discomfort your Bulldog experiences due to their deep tail pocket.

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    Conclusion

    A tail pocket infection occurs in some wrinkly, short-tailed dog breeds and is especially common in Bulldogs. These infections happen when bacteria or yeast overgrow in the warm, moist environment that the tail pocket creates.

    In most situations, tail pocket infections can be avoided with preventative care. However, some pups can have very deep pockets that cause recurring infections, extreme discomfort, and constant issues. If this is the case with your Bulldog, your veterinary team may suggest surgical correction.

    Featured Image Credit: Branislav Nenin, Shutterstock

    Chantelle Fowler

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  • Why Is My Dog Not Eating? 9 Vet-Verified Reasons & What to Do – Dogster

    Why Is My Dog Not Eating? 9 Vet-Verified Reasons & What to Do – Dogster

    Dr. Ashley Darby Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


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    The role of every dog owner is to do everything it takes to keep their puppy happy and healthy. So, it’s understandable that many owners panic when their dog displays unusual behavior. When your dog suddenly stops wanting food as much or stops eating altogether, it may cause you some stress.

    If you are interested in the reasons why your dog might stop eating, stick with us for some useful information.

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    The 9 Possible Reasons Your Dog Is Not Eating

    1. Your Dog Doesn’t Like the Food

    We all want to give our dogs the best, but sometimes, dogs can become spoiled and picky when it comes to their food. So, if they stop eating suddenly, this just might be a sign they don’t like the food you gave them.

    You should check the expiration date and see if the food is still usable. If it isn’t usable, you shouldn’t give it to your dog because it can potentially cause health problems.

    This can also happen when you introduce a new type of food to your dog; if they don’t like the smell or the taste, they may refuse to eat it.

    Maltipoo dog near feeding bowl with dry food on floor in kitchenMaltipoo dog near feeding bowl with dry food on floor in kitchen
    Image Credit: New Africa, Shutterstock

    2. Overfeeding

    If your dog is not hungry, they won’t eat. If your dog’s body condition score is on the heavier side, you may be offering them too much food every day. These dogs will often eat tastier food if offered to them, but it’s important not to do this as it will create unhealthy eating habits. Being overweight can increase the risk of health problems like joint disease and even some cancers. If you’re not sure how much your dog should eat, check the feeding guide on your dog food packaging and talk to your veterinarian.

    3. Eating at a Particular Time of Day

    As we all know, dogs are intelligent animals, and they can quickly form habits. In this case, they can get used to being fed in a particular part of the day and refuse to eat during the other periods. For example, if your dog likes to eat at night, they may refuse food in the morning. While most dogs will chow down whenever they get the chance, this may be the reason your dog’s not eating.

    Shih tzu dog getting food from owner at kitchenShih tzu dog getting food from owner at kitchen
    Image Credit: chaossart, Shutterstock

    4. Stress

    Like humans, many life changes can affect your dog and their appetite. For instance, moving can be very stressful for your dog, resulting in your dog not eating. It is common for the dog to refuse to eat when their owner is away from home as well.

    5. Your Dog Feels Threatened

    Introducing new animals can also cause your dog to stop eating because they might feel threatened by the new animal or prefer to be alone. Either way, introduce the new pet slowly, and they will learn to coexist over time. Also, it would help if you feed them in separate rooms because one can be intimidated by another’s presence and won’t eat—they will simply guard the food instead.

    Scared chihuahua under a couchScared chihuahua under a couch
    Image Credit: p.s.stasya, Shutterstock

    6. Age

    Age can also be a significant factor in why your dog isn’t eating or is eating less. Naturally, young bodies that are still developing need more nutrients from food to develop properly. So, when you get a new puppy, you are shocked at how much food can fit in their little stomach. On the other hand, what happens a lot with senior dogs is that they start to eat less at a certain age in response to lower calorie requirements.

    7. Medication

    A significant factor to consider in why your dog stopped eating is that many medications can affect your dog’s appetite. All medications have side effects, and some side effects mean additional treatment is needed. The lack of appetite could also mean your dog’s original illness getting worse. If you’re concerned about any side effects of medication, call your veterinarian for recommendations on what to do.

    dog dewormerdog dewormer
    Image Credit: Ilike, Shutterstock

    8. Dental Problems

    The reason why your dog isn’t eating might also be because they have dental problems. If you notice that your dog wants to eat but is spitting out their food or drooling, it may mean that they are in pain. They might have a broken tooth or an infection that causes pain and loss of appetite.

    9. Illnesses

    These are some illnesses that can lead to loss of appetite in dogs:

    • Infections and fevers
    • Gastrointestinal problems
    • Liver problems
    • Kidney problems
    • Pancreatitis

    When the liver or kidneys are diseased, toxins can build up in the body, making dogs nauseous. Many of the above problems cause pain, nausea, or lethargy which reduce a dog’s appetite. Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas that can also cause loss of appetite because it is very painful.

    Female vet examining sick and sad Rhodesian ridgeback dogFemale vet examining sick and sad Rhodesian ridgeback dog
    Image Credit; Zontica, Shutterstock

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    How to Help Your Dog

    Depending on the cause of the problem, it may be a simple solution to help your pooch get their appetite back. Eating less and not eating at all are two very different things, so you should take things more seriously if your dog hasn’t eaten anything in 24 hours.

    First and foremost, look for other signs your dog might be unwell like vomiting, retching, diarrhea, lethargy, increased or decreased thirst, urinating more, bad breath, and pawing at the mouth. If they show any other signs or they don’t start eating well soon, contact your veterinarian.

    If your dog doesn’t want to eat because they don’t like the taste of the new formula you gave them, you should return to the old, reliable food. When changing the diet you should do so gradually to avoid gastrointestinal upset. You can also try to mix the fresh food with the old one, and you can also try to soften it by mixing it with water to make it more appealing and easier for them to chew.

    If your dog is stressed because of some significant changes at home, try to calm them by spending more time with them and reducing their source of stress as much as possible. Playtime is an excellent way of solving these problems and a great way to bond with your dog.

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    Conclusion

    Even though this can be a very stressful situation for every dog owner, you should stay calm and look for any other changes in your dog that can solve the problem—dogs often stop eating because they are stressed or simply being picky. On the other hand, there are instances where some health issues cause a loss of appetite.

    Either way, we hope we helped you understand why this is happening, but if you still have doubts, you should contact your veterinarian for a check-up.

    Featured Image Credit: N_T, Shutterstock

    Jana Blagojevic

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  • Why Do French Bulldogs Fart So Much? Vet-Verified Facts & Advice Dogster – Dogster

    Why Do French Bulldogs Fart So Much? Vet-Verified Facts & Advice Dogster – Dogster

    Dr. Ashley Darby Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    It’s no surprise that the adaptable and all-around adorable French Bulldog became the number one dog breed in America, but if there’s one thing many owners would change if they could, it’s the flatulence.

    Thanks to their short noses and sensitive digestive systems, French Bulldogs tend to pass gas and stink up the house more than the average dog. While we can’t control their physiology, owners can work with it to reduce the issue. If you’re tired of bearing your Frenchie’s constant toots, check out these insights into why French Bulldogs fart so much and how you can manage it for everyone’s sake.

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    Why Do French Bulldogs Fart?

    French Bulldogs and English Bulldogs have a reputation for farting more than most dogs. The issue primarily centers on the shortened faces that define brachycephalic dogs like French Bulldogs, Pugs, Shih Tzus, and Boxers, but the Frenchie also has unique intestinal sensitivities that cause a higher chance of flatulence and foul-smelling stools.

    Brachycephaly and Air Ingestion

    The shortened faces on brachycephalic dogs are a cute feature but don’t do much for their health. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) is a common issue these dogs face, as their elongated palates, narrow tracheas, stenotic nares, and other malformations create significant breathing difficulties.

    Signs of BOAS include:

    • Loud breathing
    • Snoring and wheezing
    • Gagging
    • Panting

    Issues like these can make conditions like heat stroke and exercise intolerance a more pressing concern. Brachycephalic dogs also swallow a lot of air. Aerophagia, the ingestion of air into the digestive tract, occurs as dogs struggle to breathe, but it also often happens when they eat too quickly. Once the air gets to their stomach, dogs can either burp it up or let it pass and fart it out.

    Gastrointestinal Upset

    French Bulldogs are more prone than many other dogs to gastrointestinal disease and this can lead to flatulance, vomiting, regurgitation, and diarrhea. Brachycephalic dogs also already have a higher incidence of gastrointestinal disorders. French Bulldogs have shown much higher odds of esophageal, gastric, and intestinal diseases that could lead to more flatulence. One study showed that 93% of Frenchies with BOAS also had gastroitnestinal signs, but these signs appeared to improve after corrective surgery.

    french bulldog on a bedfrench bulldog on a bed
    Image Credit: Istvan Csak, Shutterstock

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    How to Reduce Your French Bulldog’s Farting

    Knowing the unique causes of your French Bulldog’s excessive farting, we can see there are two essential solutions — stop them from swallowing air and improve their digestion. While your vet is your best resource for developing a tailored diet and routine, the following tips may help you decrease your Frenchie’s flatulence today.

    Surgery

    If your Frenchie is showing signs of BOAS, a surgery may not only improve their flatulance and other gastrointestinal issues, it could save their life. Severe BOAS restricts a French Bulldog’s ability to get enough oxygen into their blood. Oxygen deprivation can lead to blue/purple gums, collapse, and death if it isn’t resolved in a matter of minutes.

    Provide a Balanced Diet with High-Quality Ingredients

    Excessive fiber can cause Frenchies to fart more than usual, especially if they’re eating low-quality foods withother ingredients that produce gas. Give your dog a consistent, high-quality diet formulated for their life stage. Avoid offering table scraps, and keep the treats to a minimum, providing them as no more than 10% of your dog’s diet.

    Avoid Fart-Inducing Ingredients

    Many food sources are known for spurring flatulence more than others. If your French Bulldog is prone to farting, you may limit its severity by avoiding the following foods in their diet:

    • Certain vegetables (e.g., broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts)
    • Dairy items, especially if your dog is lactose intolerant
    • Beans
    • Spices
    • Soybeans
    french bulldog eating or drinking from a bowlfrench bulldog eating or drinking from a bowl
    Image Credit: Elayne Massaini, Shutterstock

    Slow Your Dog’s Feeding

    Some of a French Bulldog’s flatulence can come from inhaling their food and gulping down air. If your dog is a fast feeder, try to pace their eating and reduce the likelihood of swallowing air by replacing their standard food bowl with a sectioned slow-feeding bowl.

    You can also try breaking your dog’s meals into smaller portions to keep them from eating too quickly for too long.

    Exercise Your Dog Daily

    Frequent exercise is essential in maintaining efficient digestive function for your dog. Give your French Bulldog 30–60 minutes of physical activity split between walks and playtime to keep their system running smoothly.

    Give Your Frenchie Probiotics

    Restoring a healthy intestinal microbiome will improve digestions, with less gas produced by fermentation in the colon. Consider a probiotic supplement to optimize your dog’s digestion. Several dog-focused products are available online or in pet stores.

    If your dog isn’t lactose intolerant, you may even give them a dose of healthy bacteria with a few spoonfuls of plan Greek yogurt. You may want to consult your vet before offering your French Bulldog probiotics in their diet.

    Since these dogs can respond sensitively to minor changes in the diet, you must ensure they’ll comfortably and safely tolerate whatever you offer.

    Monitor for Gastrointesitinal Disease

    As we mentioned French Bulldogs are prone to gastrointestinal disease like inflammatory bowel disease, stomach ulcers, and hiatal herniea— a condition where the entry to the stomach is sucked into the chest cavity. If you notice gastrointestinal signs like vomiting, regurgitation, diarrhea, or abdominal pain consult with your vet for a treatment plan to help your dog.

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    Image Credit: Hryshchyshen Serhii, Shutterstock

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    Final Thoughts

    A Frenchie’s farts are cute and funny to a point, and then they get overwhelming, irritating, and, if they persist, a little concerning. French Bulldogs are uniquely built to be more flatulent than most breeds, but you have several possible solutions to limit their gassiness with minimal fuss. Try these solutions at home today, and if you still need help, ask your vet about changes to their diet or routine that can finally put a damper on your dog’s farting.

    Featured Image Credit: eva_blanco, Shutterstock

    Nicole Cosgrove

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  • Why Does My Dog Growl When I Pet Him? 8 Vet-Reviewed Reasons – Dogster

    Why Does My Dog Growl When I Pet Him? 8 Vet-Reviewed Reasons – Dogster

    Dr. Amanda Charles Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Dogs can’t speak, but they still have ways to communicate with us through body language and vocalizations. One way that dogs can communicate is through growling. Dogs typically have more than one type of growl, from a playful growl to a more aggressive warning. Recognizing the cause of a growl helps you know how to react and the steps you need to take to help your canine companion.

    Typically, you need context to be able to determine that cause, and below we look at the most likely causes of your dog growling when you pet them. We also consider what steps you can take to help your dog feel more comfortable and prevent them from escalating their behavior.

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    The 8 Reasons Your Dog Growls When You Pet Him

    If your dog is growling at you when you pet them, you need to think about context. Are they chewing a treat you’ve given them, or maybe guarding something they’ve taken from the kitchen without permission? Is it possible they’re in pain or feeling unwell? Here we look at possible causes of this behavior.

    1. Feeling Threatened

    A serious, low growl, is usually given as a warning and is most commonly heard when your dog feels threatened in some way. A new person or another dog in the house could be the cause of the growling and the fact that you’re approaching and petting your dog may not be the actual cause.

    Your dog might be resource guarding if they have a chew, some food, a favorite toy, or something they’ve stolen from around the house. Or, your petting might have encouraged another pet in the house to approach, and this has caused your dog to feel threatened.

    2. Fear

    Fear is a similar response to feeling threatened. If your dog has experienced abuse in the past, he might be expecting that petting to turn into physical abuse, even if you weren’t the perpetrator of earlier abusive behavior.

    Irritated Chihuahua growling with tongue outIrritated Chihuahua growling with tongue out
    Image Credit: Yta23, Shutterstock

    3. Playing

    The play growl is typically quite different from the warning growl and it can be accompanied by yapping as well as a playful posture. A typical play position is bowed forward with the front legs on the ground and the rear raised in the air.

    Your dog wants you to initiate some form of play, so if there’s a toy to hand, grab it and play for a few minutes.

    4. Frustrated

    Frustration most commonly occurs when your dog is not getting what it wants. If you’ve refused to let your dog have something and are petting it in the hope of making him feel better, the growl could be an indication of frustration.

    Frustrated growls are usually situational, but they can lead to nipping or accidental biting, so you need to work out what your dog is frustrated about and either remedy the situation or move away.

    pomeranian dog getting angry when touchedpomeranian dog getting angry when touched
    Image Credit: leungchopan, Shutterstock

    5. Pleasure

    A growl isn’t necessarily a sign of aggression, frustration, or even play. Some dogs vocalize differently from other dogs, and this can include a growling-type sound as a sign of pleasure. Think of it as being similar to the sound of a cat purring.

    If you have a new dog, and it responds differently to other dogs you’ve owned, it can be disconcerting to hear a pleasure growl, and you should ensure that that really is what you’re hearing.

    6. Aggression

    Dogs can growl aggressively to communicate that they want space or to end a situation. If you are doing something that is irritating your dog, or your dog is feeling vulnerable, this is most likely to cause an aggressive growl.

    Hopefully, it is a warning growl, and if you believe your dog is growling aggressively, you should move away and give your dog space. Seek professional behavioral help as soon as possible to address the root of the behavior.

    territorial dog growlingterritorial dog growling
    Image Credit: Agnes Kantaruk, Shutterstock

    7. Pain

    Dogs don’t have a lot of ways to express pain. They might cry or howl if the pain is intense or sudden, but it is also possible that a dog will growl to show pain. This is especially possible if your petting is close to or in an area where the pain is coming from.

    You might not be precisely touching the spot that is causing pain but if you’re getting close to it, your dog might be letting you know that it doesn’t want you to pet any further.

    8. Surprise

    If your dog was asleep and you woke it up to pet it, he might be growling because you surprised him. Some dogs naturally react this way when they are woken up or startled and you should try and give some kind of warning before you approach them. This can be especially likely in dogs with difficult backgrounds.

    For example, if your pup previously lived on the streets, this kind of reaction is perfectly natural and would have acted as a means of protection.

    angry dog growlingangry dog growling
    Image Credit: Chebakalex7, Shutterstock

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    What to Do If Your Dog Growls

    In most cases, if your dog growls while you are petting them it is a sign they are unhappy or scared about something. Although many of us don’t want our dogs to growl, if we inhibit or punish the communication they may escalate to another behavior like biting.

    It is essential to try and figure out what is making your dog uncomfortable or fearful. If we listen to our canine companions we can help them to feel comfortable and not feel the need to growl in the future. Below are some of the steps to take to help your dog.

    1. Identify the Cause

    Consider your dog’s position, what it was doing before you started petting, and whether it shows any other signs of pain, discomfort, or anxiety. This will help you determine the most likely cause of the growling and it will help determine your best course of action to prevent further growling.

    2. Stay Calm

    A strong reaction is unlikely to be the best course of action. Don’t shout at your dog, and certainly don’t hit them or slap them. If your dog’s growling is aggressive or is borne from fear or anxiety, your harsh reaction will likely only make it worse.

    Take a step back, consider the situation, and use the opportunity to determine the most likely cause of the behavior.

    close up of a dog growlingclose up of a dog growling
    Image Credit: simonocampo999, Pixabay

    3. Eliminate the Cause

    If you determine the cause and you can remove the stressor from your dog’s life, do so. For example, if the growling is being caused by a person or animal approaching from behind you, have them take a step back. If your dog is guarding certain objects, stop them having access to them for the time being.

    If it is caused by pain or illness, you will need to seek veterinary advice to diagnose and treat the issue.

    4. Redirection

    Redirection is a great tool for dog owners. If your dog is feeling anxious or afraid, you can redirect this with a toy or some other activity that your dog enjoys. Grab the leash and go for a walk. Grab a tennis ball and head out into the garden. This will take your dog’s mind off the problem and it will help build a bond between the two of you.

    5. Get Help

    If your dog needs medical help, because they are ill or in pain, speak to a vet. If your dog is showing signs of fear, anxiety or aggression, speak to a behaviorist as soon as possible. Professionals can help you remedy the problem through a behavioral modification program which uses positive reinforcement techniques. They can work with you to get the results you want and ensure your dog becomes a happy and well-adjusted member of the family.

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    Image Credit: Viktor Gladkov, Shutterstock

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    Conclusion

    Dogs growl for many reasons. They growl when playing, as well as when they are being aggressive. Some dogs even growl to show pleasure, and if you’ve never had a dog that does this it can be difficult to recognize.

    Having a dog growl at you can be a tense and upsetting experience, but you must react in the right way. This means, getting yourself out of harm’s way, if necessary, before taking the time to consider what happened and what might have caused the growling in the first place.

    Once you’ve done that, you will be able to figure out the next best move, whether that be contacting a vet, distracting your dog from the problem, or getting used to having a dog that growls when it is enjoying the attention.

    Featured Image Credit: Bonsales, Shutterstock

    Matt Jackson

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  • Why Do Dogs Bite Themselves? 6 Vet-Verified Reasons & Tips – Dogster

    Why Do Dogs Bite Themselves? 6 Vet-Verified Reasons & Tips – Dogster

    Dr. Amanda Charles Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    It can look alarming to us, but it’s common for dogs to occasionally bite themselves. Dogs will usually lick, bite, chew, or scratch their skin when they experience a mild itch. However, it’s still worth paying attention to dogs biting themselves because repetitive biting is usually linked with a health condition.

    Dogs can develop a habit of biting themselves for several reasons. It can be due to health issues like a skin infection or behavior issues like anxiety or boredom. We’ll go over common issues that cause dogs to bite themselves and how you can help your dog if their self-biting is caused by a medical concern.

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    The 6 Possible Reasons for Dogs to Bite Themselves

    1. Dry Skin

    A common reason why dogs bite themselves is due to dry skin. Dry skin often starts to feel itchy, which will cause dogs to bite, chew, lick, and scratch the affected area. Dry skin often looks flaky and can also be red or inflamed. It can also lead to hair loss and hot spots.

    Dry skin is usually a sign of an underlying health issue. So, rather than just applying an ointment to the affected area, it’s important to get your dog to a veterinarian for a proper checkup. A vet can do a physical exam, diagnose the cause of the dry skin, and provide a treatment plan to help your dog recover.

    dog biting its taildog biting its tail
    Image Credit: PixieMe, Shutterstock

    2. Allergies

    Itchy skin can be a sign of allergies in dogs. Dogs can be allergic to a variety of things, such as certain food, mold, pollen, and bug bites. Itchiness is one of the most common signs of allergies, but dogs can also experience a range of other symptoms depending on what they are allergic to. Along with itchy skin, dogs may have swelling, upset stomachs, runny noses, and watery eyes.

    3. Skin Infection

    Bacterial, fungal, and occasionally viral infections can cause skin irritation that leads to dogs biting themselves to try and relieve the itch. Common skin infections in dogs include staphylococcal infections, malassezia (yeast) dermatitis, and ringworm (a fungal infection).

    Skin infections usually look red and inflamed. In addition, affected areas can have pus-filled lesions, scaly, peeling, or flaking skin, and hair loss. Yeast infections can be more greasy and also usually have a musty odor.

    Treatment for skin infections will depend on the type of infection. So, it’s important to consult your vet before applying any sort of topical ointment on them.

    female veterinarian checking dog's pawfemale veterinarian checking dog's paw
    Image Credit: Wasan Tita, Shutterstock

    4. Parasites

    Parasites can wreak havoc on a dog’s skin. Their bites can cause itchiness, inflammation, and hair loss. Some dogs may also be allergic to flea bites, which will only exasperate itchiness. Sarcoptic mange caused by parasitic mites under the surface of the skin leads to intense itching.

    Common parasites that live on the skin include fleas, ticks, and mites. Your dog may try to alleviate the itchiness by biting and can also lick and scratch affected areas.

    5. Arthritic Pain

    Sometimes, dogs may lick or bite their joints if they have arthritis. The pain can feel irritating to them, and they may try to soothe the irritation by biting or chewing. Continuous biting can lead to skin issues, including inflammation, hair loss, and hot spots.

    Arthritis mostly occurs in older dogs, but dogs can get arthritis at any age. Along with licking at joints, arthritis may cause decreased activity, limping, and increased irritability in dogs.

    woman massaging dog's legwoman massaging dog's leg
    Image Credit: msgrafixx, Shutterstock

    6. Anxiety or Boredom

    Sometimes, biting can be a compulsive behavior for dogs. Dogs that experience extreme or constant boredom can start to engage in destructive behaviors or repetitive behaviors, including excessive biting or licking.

    More severe cases of fear and anxiety can also cause dogs to start to bite themselves repeatedly. Other signs of anxiety in dogs include restlessness, pacing, excessive barking, and urinating in the house.

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    What to Do if Your Dog Is Biting Themselves

    It’s normal for dogs to bite themselves occasionally when they have an itch. However, continuous biting usually indicates an underlying medical concern. So, it’s recommended to take your dog to your vet if you notice repetitive biting, especially if it’s directed at the same area.

    Your veterinarian can perform a more thorough exam on your dog to figure out what’s causing them to bite themselves. Receiving an accurate diagnosis from your vet will help you to provide the appropriate treatment for your dog.

    Many skin issues can be treated topically with medicated shampoos and ointments. Medicated shampoos often contain antiseptic, soothing and moisturizing ingredients. Your vet might prescribe topical steroids or antibiotics to help reduce itchiness and heal damaged skin depending on the underlying cause of the irritation.

    vet holding papillon dogvet holding papillon dog
    Image Credit: Di Studio, Shutterstock

    Preventing Your Dog From Biting Themselves

    It’s important to keep your dog from biting themselves because it can worsen the condition of their skin and coat. Constant biting, licking, and scratching can lead to hair loss, hot spots, and abrasions.

    Make sure to stick to the treatment that your veterinarian prescribes to the very end. It can take weeks for the itchiness to stop and for the skin to heal completely, and not following through with treatment can cause the itchiness to return.

    Many treatments for itchy skin involve topical ointments. Your dog may try to lick off the ointment, so it’s important to keep them occupied until the ointment dries and absorbs into their skin completely. You can try to play with your dog or feed them their meal after applying the ointment to reduce the likelihood of licking and biting. If your dog continues to try to touch the affected area, they may benefit from wearing an e-collar until the itchiness and irritation subsides.

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    Conclusion

    Repetitive self-biting can quickly complicate skin issues and worsen infections. So, it’s time to schedule a vet appointment if your dog is biting themselves continuously. It’s also important to come up with ways to prevent your dog from biting, licking, or scratching themselves so that the affected area can heal as quickly as possible. Providing the proper treatment can help alleviate and manage intense itchiness and ensure your dog’s condition doesn’t worsen from biting.

    Featured Image Credit: Przemek Iciak, Shutterstock

    Jessica Kim

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  • The Vet Clinic Is Closed, What Do I Do? 6 Vet-Approved Steps & Options – Dogster

    The Vet Clinic Is Closed, What Do I Do? 6 Vet-Approved Steps & Options – Dogster

    Dr. Ashley Darby Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Accidents and medical concerns can occur at any time of day or night. So, it’s important to be prepared and have a plan for potential emergency situations that occur outside of your vet clinic’s business hours.

    Fortunately, several resources are available to give you immediate answers and peace of mind about your dog’s health. Here are some things you can do if your dog has an injury or other medical concern, and your vet clinic is closed.

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    The 6 Steps to Take If the Vet Clinic Is Closed

    1. Call Your Vet Clinic

    It doesn’t hurt to call your vet clinic after hours. Most vet clinics will have a voicemail message that provides a list of contact information for emergency animal hospitals near you.

    In some cases, vet clinics offer 24/7 telehealth services. They’ll have an on-call veterinarian or veterinary technician who can provide general information on medical-related questions. They can also let you know if your pet emergency requires immediate attention or if it can wait until the following morning.

    Sad millennial woman has difficult phone talkSad millennial woman has difficult phone talk
    Image Credit: fizkes, Shutterstock

    2. Contact an Emergency Animal Hospital

    Most cities and towns have an emergency animal hospital that operates 24/7. Since not all accidents or injuries require immediate in-person care, you can try contacting one of these hospitals before driving over.

    Emergency animal hospital lines have someone on staff who triages calls. After you share about your emergency, they can let you know if you should bring in your dog or if you can wait to see your own vet the following morning.

    3. Contact an Online Veterinarian

    Online vets and vet telehealth apps are other options to consider for afterhours advice. Online vet services like PangoVet provide vet tele-triage services that can walk you through an afterhours health concern. These services will connect you with a licensed vet via live chat or a video call.

    Online vets can do a visual exam on your dog and let you know if your dog needs immediate medical care or if you can wait to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. They can also provide care instructions for your dog and advise you on what to do if your dog’s condition worsens.

    online consultation between veterinarian and dog owneronline consultation between veterinarian and dog owner
    Image Credit: Miriam Doerr Martin Frommherz, Shutterstock

    4. Call a Pet Poison Hotline

    If you suspect your dog has consumed something harmful, you can contact a pet poison hotline. These hotlines have experts on the line who can help you determine if your dog has ingested something toxic and what to do if your dog is experiencing poisoning.

    Make sure to quickly gather as much information as possible before contacting a pet poison hotline. It will be helpful for the specialist on the line if you provide information on what your dog ate, how much, and how much time has passed since they consumed something.

    5. Do Not Self-Medicate

    While there are many effective at-home remedies, it’s not recommended to give your dog medication or treatment without consulting a vet first. There are just too many things that can go wrong if you give your dog medication on your own. Medications can cause negative side effects, and providing the wrong dosage can just worsen your dog’s condition. Some medications can interfere with the current medication your dog is taking, and dogs can also have allergic reactions to certain medicines.

    Even if it seems like a medication has worked on your dog, it’s still not beneficial for them in the long run because they’re less likely to receive follow-up care. In many cases, a dog’s symptoms may have gone away, but the underlying medical issue remains unaddressed, which can hurt them significantly in the long run.

    hand holding out pill to a doghand holding out pill to a dog
    Image Credit: Aleksandr Finch, Shutterstock

    6. Do Not Wait It Out

    It’s better to be safe than sorry and act immediately instead of waiting for your vet clinic to open in the morning. Dogs can be very good at masking their pain, so it can be difficult to gauge just how sick or injured they are without the help of a veterinary professional. Therefore, it’s important to get in contact with a vet if you suspect something is wrong with your dog.

    Using an online vet service or app can help prevent an unnecessary trip to an emergency animal hospital and provide tips on caring for your dog at home. They can also let you know if your dog’s situation is serious and requires immediate veterinary care.

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    Can I Use Pet Insurance at Any Vet Clinic?

    Pet insurance can help offset some veterinary care costs and make budgeting much easier for you. It differs from health insurance in the sense that you don’t have to stick to in-network veterinarians. Pet insurance works on a reimbursement system. So, you can visit any vet clinic or animal hospital and submit a claim for your medical bill. As long as the service your dog receives is within their pet insurance plan’s coverage of services, you’ll get reimbursed. So, if you have pet insurance and your dog gets into an accident, you can expect your pet insurance to work at any emergency animal hospital you contact.

    woman reviewing pet insurance paperswoman reviewing pet insurance papers
    Image Credit: Rawpixel.com, Shutterstock

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    Conclusion

    Sometimes, a medical concern doesn’t require immediate veterinary care. However, contacting emergency care or using an online veterinarian service can give you peace of mind and concrete next steps for helping your dog.

    It’s best to be prepared in advance, so make sure to explore options and come up with an emergency plan for when you can’t contact your vet clinic. Look into vet telehealth apps and emergency animal hospitals near you so that you know exactly what to do in case your dog experiences a medical emergency.

    Featured Image Credit: STEVEN CHIANG, Shutterstock

    Jessica Kim

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  • Why Does My Cat’s Tail Twitch? 6 Vet-Reviewed Reasons – Catster

    Why Does My Cat’s Tail Twitch? 6 Vet-Reviewed Reasons – Catster

    Dr. Amanda Charles Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Cat ownership would be a lot easier if our pets could tell us their thoughts. However, until someone develops a cat-to-human translator, we have to use context clues and our pet’s body language to decipher their moods.

    A cat’s tail is one of the most expressive parts of their body. So, if your cat’s tail is twitching, you’re probably wondering what they’re thinking. Unfortunately, a quivering tail can mean many different things, so you’ll need to put on your thinking cap to determine what’s going on.

    From the thrill of practicing their hunting skills to the frustration of aggravating situations, there are many potential reasons for your cat’s tail twitching. Read on to learn more so you can begin to better understand your cat’s mood and the driving forces behind this behavior.

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    The 6 Reasons Why Cats Twitch Their Tails

    1. They’re Hunting

    Cats will sometimes twitch their tails because they’re hunting or playing. This happens when they’re focused intensely on their prey, whether it’s a real-life mouse or a fluffy one you just bought from Amazon.

    Burmese cat face before pounce hunting to toy mouse at home
    Image Credit: Viacheslav Lopatin, Shutterstock

    2. They’re Excited

    When children are happy and excited, they often jump up and down as a way to release their pent-up energy and express their enthusiasm. Our cats don’t have the same ability to show their happiness, so a quivering tail can also mark anticipation and excitement.

    3. They’re Annoyed

    When your cat twitches the tip of their tail strongly from side to side, it may be that they’re mildly irritated or frustrated. This could be a warning sign that your pet isn’t fond of something you’ve been doing, but they’re not quite at the point yet where they’re going to take the next step and act on their annoyance.

    the cat walking or runs with its tail raised in the room
    Image Credit: Alexander Sobol, Shutterstock

    4. They’re Feeling Aggressive

    Tail twitching is sometimes also associated with aggression. The more your pet’s tail moves back and forth, the less happy they may be. Rapid tail movements can mean they’re issuing a threat to you or another pet in the home. You might also see other aggressive behaviors, such as growling or hissing. Their tails may also thwack audibly on the floor or nearby walls.

    5. They’re Spraying

    You know your cat is spraying when they stand up, hold their tail straight up in the air, and put their rear end toward a target (e.g., walls, bedding, curtains, etc.). Their tail will be quivering, and they’ll spray urine onto an object.

    Spraying is most likely to occur in cats that have reached sexual maturity, and it can occur in both male and female cats. It happens most often in intact males and females in heat, though those that have been spayed or neutered can also spray.

    male-norwegian-forest-cat-spraying
    Image Credit: Elisa Putti, Shutterstock

    6. They Have Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome

    Feline hyperesthesia syndrome (FHS)—also known as “twitchy cat syndrome”—is a rare condition that causes increased sensitivity to touch and uncontrollable muscle contractions. FHS is poorly understood, and its root cause is still unknown, though it is most often attributed to neurological, psychological, or dermatological causes. Before it can be diagnosed, other conditions that cause similar signs must be ruled out.

    Cats with this condition may quiver their tail, but they’ll often exhibit other signs, including:

    • Rippling or twitching of skin on the back
    • Biting or licking themselves (particularly in the back, side, and rear regions)
    • Pain or discomfort when petted
    • Dilated pupils
    • Brief bursts of running
    • Tail chasing

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    How Can I Know Why My Cat’s Tail Is Twitching?

    With so many reasons for your cat’s tail twitching, it can feel impossible to determine what your cat is feeling. However, it’s actually relatively easy if you stop and consider your behavior and your kitty’s current environment.

    Think about what your kitty is currently doing, their body language, and what’s going on around them to determine the exact reason for your pet’s tail twitching.

    For example, a cat that your toddler is tormenting is unlikely to be twitching their tail out of excitement, especially if their ears are pulled back and they’re staring your child down. It’s much more likely in this scenario that your cat is feeling annoyed and ready to strike.

    Likewise, if you’re using your cat’s favorite toy to play with them, it’s unlikely they’re twitching their tail because they’re spraying or feeling aggressive.

    cat playing with a ball and a tunnel at home
    Image Credit: Africa Studio, Shutterstock

    What Else Your Cat’s Tail Cat Tell You

    Cats exhibit other tail postures aside from twitching because it’s one of the few ways they can convey their mood and communicate with other cats and humans.

    Question mark tail Friendly, playful
    Puffy tail Afraid, defensive, or aggressive
    Low tail Unease or fear
    Tucked under: Fearful or anxious
    Straight up: Confident, happy, friendly
    Wagging: Angry, frustrated
    Slow swish: Focused, potentially hunting
    Quick thrashing: Annoyed, uncertainty

    How Else Do Cats Convey Mood?

    Cats don’t only use their tails to convey their mood. Other subtle (and not so subtle) body language cues include:

    • Facial expressions. The ways your cat moves their eyes, ears, and mouth can indicate their mood. Cats feeling relaxed will have normal eye and ear positioning, while those feeling angry will have erect ears and narrowed eyes. Cats with flattened ears and dilated pupils may be fearful.
    • Eye contact. How much eye contact your cat is holding can tell you how relaxed or confrontational they’re feeling. Those slow blinking with a calm stare may feel comfortable and composed, while those staring without blinking may be challenging you.
    • Posture. Cats exhibiting the classic black cat Halloween pose with an arched back and bottle brush tail are feeling aggressive or defensive, while those stretched out with their bellies up are relaxed and comfortable.
    Bengal kitten playing
    Image Credit: Ian McGlasham, Shutterstock

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    Final Thoughts

    As you can see, a cat’s tail twitches can mean a lot of things. It’ll be hard to determine the exact reason behind your pet’s tail movements without also taking into account their body language and context clues from their environment. However, once you consider what else is happening in your cat’s world and how to read their body language, you’ll be an expert on your pet’s moods and feelings.

    Featured Image Credit: olivier.laurent.photos, Shutterstock

    Chantelle Fowler

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  • My Dog Ate Lavender Plant! What Should I Do? (Vet Answer) – Dogster

    My Dog Ate Lavender Plant! What Should I Do? (Vet Answer) – Dogster

    Dr. Karyn Kanowski Photo

    The information is current and up-to-date in accordance with the latest veterinarian research.


    Learn more »

    Why is it that some dogs just cannot resist the urge to eat things they shouldn’t? A lot of the time, you don’t even realize that certain things could be considered appealing or edible by your naughty canine until they’re hanging out of your dog’s mouth! And by the time that happens, you find yourself frantically searching for answers about what household ingredients, items, and plants are toxic to dogs, which is likely why you’re here.

    Has your dog eaten a lavender plant? Here’s some good news for you: Lavender plants are not toxic to dogs

    However, if you are worried that your dog has eaten too much lavender, or if they have any health conditions, it is best to contact your vet and seek advice that is specific to your situation.

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    Are Lavender Plants Safe for Dogs?

    Lavender is one of the few aromatic herbs that is considered safe to have around dogs, but that doesn’t mean they should be eating it. Lavender contains two chemicals that are toxic to dogs—linalool and linalyl acetate—which is why you will sometimes find it categorized as a toxic plant.1 However, the levels of these substances in the lavender plant are quite low, and a dog would need to consume so much of the plant for any toxic effects to occur that they would likely have lavender exploding from both ends!

    This doesn’t mean that you should encourage your dog to graze on your lavender plants, but you don’t need to panic if they do have the occasional munch.

    LavenderLavender
    Image Credit: Hans, Pixabay

    What About Lavender Oil?

    Extreme care should always be taken with essential oils around pets for three important reasons.

    • They are a highly concentrated form of the ingredient.
    • There are no regulatory bodies that monitor or safeguard the production of essential oils.
    • All essential oils in their undiluted form can be harmful, dangerous, or deadly to your pets.

    Lavender is a relatively safe essential oil to use around dogs, but only in diluted form, and never given orally.

    If your dog ingests lavender oil, contact your vet or poison hotline, or speak to a vet online for further advice. Do not attempt to make your dog vomit.

    What Other Plants Are Safe for Dogs?

    There are far too many plants in the world to be able to make a comprehensive list of all that are safe or dangerous. As a general rule, assume a plant could be toxic until proven otherwise. Even those that aren’t strictly poisonous can cause gastrointestinal upset. Even some plants that are grown for human consumption can be toxic to dogs, such as onion, garlic, and parts of the tomato plant, so don’t assume that if it’s safe for us, it’s safe for them.

    Below is a list of some common garden plants that are known to be safe for dogs, provided they are consumed in moderation.

    Safe plants for dogs:

    • Pansies
    • Rosemary
    • Thyme
    • Basil
    • Sunflowers
    • Fuchsias
    • Nasturtiums
    • Spider Plant
    spider plantspider plant
    Image Credit: t50, Shutterstock

    Which Plants Are Toxic to Dogs?

    Many plants can cause irritation of the mouth and gastrointestinal distress if eaten in large amounts, so make sure you keep an eye on your dog when they are out and about in the garden. However, there are some that are more dangerous than others, including:

    Toxic plants for dogs:

    • Most bulbs (tulips, daffodils, hyacinths)
    • Onions, chives, and leeks
    • Garlic
    • Lilies
    • Milkweed
    • Aloe vera
    • Cycad (sago palm)
    • Oleander

    What About Essential Oils?

    As we mentioned earlier, extreme care must be taken when using essential oils around our dogs, and even more so if we have cats. Cats lack specific enzymes needed to metabolize certain compounds, making them more sensitive to some toxins, so be sure to do some extra research if you plan to use essential oils in a feline-friendly home.

    Some oils can cause skin irritation, respiratory inflammation, liver and kidney damage, and severe gastrointestinal reactions, so take care when selecting and using them.

    Below are some oils that are relatively safe for dogs, as well as those that are highly dangerous.

    Essential Oils Safe* for Dogs Essential Oils Dangerous for Dogs
    Lavender

    Fennel

    Cardamom

    Frankincense

    Chamomile

    Rosemary

    Sweet Basil

    Valerian

    Clary Sage

    Bergamot

    Cedarwood

    		 Cinnamon

    Citrus

    Pennyroyal

    Peppermint

    Pine

    Sweet birch

    Tea tree (melaleuca)

    Wintergreen

    Ylang ylang

    *Relatively safe when used carefully and in moderation. Essential oils should be diluted before use and not ingested. Always check with a vet before using anything new on your pet.

    a bottle of essential oil with fresh lavendera bottle of essential oil with fresh lavender
    Image Credit: Madeleine Steinbach, Shutterstock

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    Final Thoughts

    If your dog has decided to sample your lavender plant, don’t panic. While we don’t exactly want to encourage this behavior, lavender doesn’t pose much of a risk to your pet. Always err on the side of caution when it comes to letting your dog munch their way through your garden, and even more importantly, take great care when using essential oils.

    Featured Image Credit: Anna Darahan, Shutterstock

    Dr. Karyn Kanowski, BVSc MRCVS (Vet)

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