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Tag: Social Research

  • Perfectionists are more likely to burn out, extensive study suggests

    Perfectionists are more likely to burn out, extensive study suggests

    Newswise — Christmas is coming. We have all endured a global pandemic. There are coughs and colds everywhere. Bills are mounting. It is safe to say we are all exhausted – but when does tiredness tip into burnout?

    An expert in mental health and mood disorders has been studying the phenomenon of burnout closely for several years. The extensive research has now been released in the first complete self-help guide to burnout.

    The study highlights some of the warning signs of burnout and suggests that people who tend to be perfectionists are more likely to veer into burnout due to their own ‘unrelenting standards’.

    What is burnout?

    With the worries accompanying pandemic lockdowns, the pressures of inflation and other life stressors, many people are feeling at the end of their tether.

    For some people, the cumulative effect of these prolonged periods of stress can result in burnout.

    Unlike normal tiredness, the experts suggest burnout symptoms include constant exhaustion, emotional numbness and confusion at home or in the workplace.

    Some conventional tools used to diagnose burnout focus on work-related stress, however mental health expert and lead author Professor Gordon Parker suggests that the impact is much more extensive.

    Professor Parker said: “Most people consider burnout to be extreme tiredness, but in our studies we have found that the symptoms are much more wide-ranging.

    “People struggling with burnout also suffer from cognitive dysfunction, sometimes known as ‘brain fog’ and disconnection from their friends and family, as well as the more typically-recognised reduced performance in work and tasks around the home.”

    Who is most likely to burn out?

    Burnout is widespread among high achievers in the workplace – but is becoming increasingly more prevalent in personal lives.

    Professor Parker said: “Most people think that burnout is a work problem. Actually, we found that stress experienced at work or at home can set the wheels of burnout in motion.

    “Our analyses indicated that burnout may also develop as a result of predisposing personality traits, especially perfectionism.

    “People with perfectionistic traits are usually excellent workers, as they’re extremely reliable and conscientious. However, they’re also prone to burnout as they set unrealistic and unrelenting standards for their own performance, which are ultimately impossible to live up to.”

    What can be done about it?

    Professor Parker is the founder of the Black Dog Institute, which conducts research into mood disorders and works to remove the social stigmas around mental illness.

    During his extensive research on burnout, and with decades of clinical work under his belt, he has determined how to best identify and manage it.

    This research is outlined in a recently published book – Burnout: A Guide to Identifying Burnout and Pathways to Recovery.

    Critically, the book offers a guide for navigating out of burnout, including identifying sources and coping strategies to minimise the impact of stress.

    It contains new evidence-based tools for readers to work out for themselves whether they have burnout and generate a plan for recovery based on their personal situation.

    Chapters help readers recognise their own burnout patterns and provide approaches to help them regain their passions and build their resilience.

     

    FURTHER INFORMATION

    Burnout: A Guide to Identifying Burnout and Pathways to Recovery

    By Gordon Parker, Gabriela Tavella, Kerrie Eyers

    Published December 30, 2022  

    252 Pages

    Paperback9781032358963 | $24.95 | £18.99 

    Hardback: 9781032367729 | $160.00 | £120.00 

    eBook9781003333722| $24.95 | £18.99 

     

    About The Author 

    Professor Gordon Parker, AO, is a clinical psychiatrist and Scientia Professor of Psychiatry at the University of New South Wales, Sydney. He previously headed university and hospital departments and was founder of the Black Dog Institute. He was the recipient of the Australian Mental Health Prize in 2020.

    Gabriela Tavella is a research officer at University of New South Wales and is completing a PhD on burnout.

    Kerrie Eyers, AM, is a psychologist and writer.

     

    About Taylor & Francis Group 
    Taylor & Francis Group partners with researchers, scholarly societies, universities and libraries worldwide to bring knowledge to life.  As one of the world’s leading publishers of scholarly journals, books, ebooks and reference works our content spans all areas of Humanities, Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, Science, Technology and Medicine. 

    From our network of offices in Oxford, New York, Philadelphia, Boca Raton, Boston, Melbourne, Singapore, Beijing, Tokyo, Stockholm, New Delhi and Cape Town, Taylor & Francis staff provide local expertise and support to our editors, societies and authors and tailored, efficient customer service to our library colleagues.  

     

    ***** ENDS ***** 

    Taylor & Francis

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  • Reward for Cooperative Behavior

    Reward for Cooperative Behavior

    Newswise — Researchers at the Max Planck Institute in Plön show that reputation plays a key role in determining which rewarding policies people adopt. Using game theory, they explain why individuals learn to use rewards to specifically promote good behaviour.

    Often, we use positive incentives like rewards to promote cooperative behaviour. But why do we predominantly reward cooperation? Why is defection rarely rewarded? Or more generally, why do we bother to engage in any form of rewarding in the first place? Theoretical work done by researchers Saptarshi Pal and Christian Hilbe at the Max Planck Research Group ‘Dynamics of Social Behaviour’ suggests that reputation effects can explain why individuals learn to reward socially.

    With tools from evolutionary game theory, the researchers construct a model where individuals in a population (the players) can adopt different strategies of cooperation and rewarding over time. In this model, the players’ reputation is a key element. The players know, with a degree of certainty (characterized by the information transmissibility of the population), how their interaction partners are going to react to their behaviour (that is, which behaviours they deem worthy of rewards). If the information transmissibility is sufficiently high, players learn to reward cooperation. In contrast, without sufficient information about peers, players refrain from using rewards. The researchers show that these effects of reputation also play out in a similar way when individuals interact in groups with more than two individuals.

    Antisocial rewarding

    In addition to highlighting the role of reputation in catalyzing cooperation and social rewarding, the scientists identify a couple of scenarios where antisocial rewarding may evolve. Antisocial rewarding either requires populations to be assorted or rewards to be mutually beneficial for both the recipient and the provider of the reward. “These conditions under which people may learn to reward defection are however a bit restrictive since they additionally require information to be scarce” adds Saptarshi Pal.

    The results from this study suggest that rewards are only effective in promoting cooperation when they can sway individuals to act opportunistically. These opportunistic players only cooperate when they anticipate a reward for their cooperation. A higher information transmissibility increases both, the incentive to reward others for cooperating, and the incentive to cooperate in the first place. Overall, the model suggests that when people reward cooperation in an environment where information transmissibility is high, they ultimately benefit themselves. This interpretation takes the altruism out of social rewarding – people may not use rewards to enhance others’ welfare, but to help themselves.

    Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft)

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