To paraphrase the late Dave Hickey — one-time Austin art dealer, Nashville lyricist, Art in America editor, roving music scribe, and Nevada-based MacArthur genius — I am certain of one thing: Images can change the world. Not infrequently, visuals alter the construction of common realities, revise the priorities of fragile consensuses, act as catalysts for social and political change, and, during relentlessly roiled periods like ours, provide turning points and hard pivots for ideas to alternately shrivel or flower. The effects of such images are not merely therapeutic, but catholic — from the original Greek, meaning “worldwide” and “all-inclusive.” To cite Hickey again: “Bad graphics topple good governments and occlude good ideas”; alternately, “Good graphics sustain bad ideas and worse governments.” (Think of the infamous tank photo that helped sink Michael Dukakis’s 1988 presidential campaign; that, and the SS uniforms designed by Hugo Boss.)
Arriving at a point of simpatico with Hickey is no easy task for me — a meandering, look-at-me-now stylist, he frequently gets on my last nerve — but I recently found myself driven to a partial reappraisal of his gonzo writing. The previous citation is from his 1993 essay “Prom Night in Flatland” (its subtitle promises to noodle “On the Gender of Works of Art”; it not only fails to make its case but dismisses “the feminine” and “the masculine” as beards, or false premises). Like most of Hickey’s essays, the prose is buoyed by a love of showboating and the promise of common sense. In another essay, “The Empire of Talk,” published in Art Issues magazine in 1999, Hickey takes on footnoted, academic-style art writing, while self-describing as a “talk-in-type” sentence writer. Suffice it to say that no one talks like Hickey wrote. Three years after his death — he died of heart disease in 2021, at age 82 — Hickey’s pop nonconformism remains endearing; his slippery prose not so much.
If I had a dime for every time I’ve heard monied artists dump on “woke” culture while mentioning Hickey, I’d have something besides undying love to give the NEA.
To paraphrase again, this time film critic Pauline Kael: People should read critics not for their judgments but for their insights. That formulation provides ample rationale to consider, or reconsider, Hickey, and what’s left of his legacy —which his NYT obit pegged as a defense of “beauty,” and Newsweek derided, however accidentally, by deploying his enduring moniker: “The Bad Boy of Art Criticism.” What to do, then, with Art Issues Press’s 2023 30th-anniversary reissue of The Invisible Dragon, the 1993 book that launched thousands of well-paid lectures on “the beautiful” and the PC terrors perpetrated by “guardians of public taste.” (An occasional journalist, I find that being late to the book review party keeps me from trampling on clichés.) To quote this bard of Las Vegas, one may admire the “subtlety and acuity” of his “insights into the vagaries of historical picture-making” — as he wrote about the art historian Michael Fried — “without buying into his critical agenda.”
Agendas in art criticism today are a lot like the Democrats’ promise of a national wealth tax — nowhere. That, or they’ve become so farcical as to constitute Black Mirror–style alternate universes siloed by youthful privilege (the retread scene that is downtown’s Dimes Square) or, worse yet, grasping Instagram likes (I’m talking to you, Jerry Saltz). The collapse of journalism — jobs at magazines, newspapers, and weeklies like the Village Voice aredown more than a quarter since 2008, and one study estimates that number to be likely to fall by another third by 2031 — proved a Chicxulub crater–like extinction event for cultural criticism, and art criticism especially. This is the scorched earth onto which Gary Kornblau, editor of the Invisible Dragon (the current and OG edition), redoubtable publisher of L.A.’s Art Issues Press, and quiet partner in the wildcat phenomenon that was author Dave Hickey, has recently ventured. The world has moved on since 1993 — becoming hopelessly technophilic, politically polarized, information-rich, and fact-free. The question hanging over Kornblau’s 2023 relaunch of Hickey — the editor added five essays to the book’s original four, and a lengthy afterword — is whether The Invisible Dragon: Essays on Beauty and Other Matters matters today, at all, to anyone.
Hickey, at the top of his game, was, in the words of rock critic Robert Christgau, “famous to a few.” Those happy few, clustered protectively around subgenres and subcultures during the mid-1980s and ’90s, were prone to mistake Shakespeare’s St. Crispin’s Day speech for Quentin Crisp. Amid the “culture wars,” epitomized by North Carolina senator Jesse Helms’s congressional denunciation of photographer Robert Mapplethorpe’s pictures of gay sex, said folks were excited by Hickey’s embrace of so-called “bad taste” (he loved him some Siegfried and Roy, Liberace, and, more sensibly, Richard Pryor); enthused by his privileging of encounters with artists rather than gatekeepers; and roused by his savaging of America’s milquetoast art establishment. Chief among that establishment’s sins was their sorry defense of Mapplethorpe’s “X Portfolio.” The nation’s cultural attachés’ appeals to “free speech” didn’t just miss the point of Mapplethorpe’s explicit transgressions, Hickey wrote in Dragon, it demoted them to a defense of “formal values.” This gave Mapplethorpe and his supporters — who got that the dying photographer wanted to change the world with images — a full view of “the art world for what it was.” Per Hickey’s lapidary judgment: “another closet.”
Hickey said of Susan Sontag, “I would have taken her on, but she died.”
Hickey’s resulting reformulation of “a loose confederation of museums, universities, bureaus, foundations, publications, and endowments” into “the therapeutic institution” became, in short order, the cudgel with which cultural conservatives beat the dead horse that is today’s pauperized government arts funding. (If I had a dime for every time I’ve heard monied artists dump on “woke” culture while mentioning Hickey, I’d have something besides undying love to give the NEA.) By decade’s end, Hickey spied art bureaucrats behind every stretcher bar. What he missed, of course, was their seat at the free market’s members-only art lounge — the club that trickles down coin to galleries, auction houses, and museums (MoMA, the Met, LACMA, et al.) as collectors, speculators, and trustees. Hickey protested way too much about art economies whose complexities he ignored. What’s more, he did so while citing reams of relativizing, power-obsessed theory that begat another Hickey bugaboo — political correctness.
High art and smoking endpapers: Spreads from the updated “Invisible Dragon.”ART ISSUES PRESS
If coteries of art administrators turned the poet of gay sex into a sanitized free speech warrior — and they did — it must be noted that they did so rhetorically by citing the same obfuscating texts Hickey repeated, mostly unquestioningly. (In the essay The Great Tsunami, the wayward Texan makes a mess of his précis of “beauty — not what it is, but what it does” by parroting Gilles Deleuze’s postmodern tract “Coldness and Cruelty” for several excruciating pages.)
There were, to put it charitably, other inconsistencies that seriously diminish Hickey’s American grab bag of a weltanschauung (there is no instance I know about of Hickey really considering art beyond the American and European canon). In stewing up lashings of overcooked rhetoric and underbaked logic, the cowboy critic lumped together the following historical figures: genocidaire Joseph Stalin, “Reichminister für Volksaüfklarung und Propaganda” Joseph Goebbels, and ace formalist and rich-lady walker Alfred H. Barr, MoMA’s first director. According to Hickey’s QAnon–style fever dream, their efforts to establish national standards for art’s place in society — through realist agitprop, in the case of the first two, and New York school nonobjective formalism in the third — constituted “parallel agendas” designed to consolidate and activate “the powers of patronage to neutralize the power of contemporary images.” That troika’s ultimate goal: to push “the premise that art can be good for us.” Cue the infinite eye roll.
It’s frankly delicious to defer to Susan Sontag here. Hickey clumsily dissed her by declaring in a 2015 interview,WWE-wrestling-style, “I would have taken her on, but she died.” “Any critic is entitled to wrong judgments, of course,” Sontag wrote, with whip-cracking acuity. “But certain lapses of judgment indicate the radical failure of an entire sensibility.”
Elsewhere, Hickey argued repeatedly and convincingly for beauty as the most effective Trojan horse for smuggling ideas into the unsuspecting noggins of specialists and lay people alike. The fact that he did so in ways that are profoundly moral, by my lights, stands him in fine stead — though I suspect he might have given such uncool praise the brush-off. According to Kornblau — who did heroic work wrangling the original Dragon from a procrastinating Hickey, along with a follow-up volume, Air Guitar: Essays on Art and Democracy — the purportedly “plain-talking” author refused to publish “Enter the Dragon,” the book’s lead essay, without the accompaniment of Mapplethorpe’s flagrant photos. When Dragon first saw the light of day, Kornblau did precisely that, reproducing Mapplethorpe’s Lou, NYC (1978), which depicts “jaffing,” or the finger-fucking of a male urethra, opposite Caravaggio’s The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (1601), which features said saint jamming a dirty digit into Jesus’s wound.
That image matchup still throws off sparks, as does the unruly mind that saw in that high-and-low encounter a through line of human experience across the ages. Hickey termed it, simply, precisely, and seductively, “the iconography of desire.” ❖
Christian Viveros-Fauné has covered art and its intersections with politics for the Village Voice and other publications for more than 25 years.
Your family becoming worried about your consumption of InfoWars — that’s probably the first sign. You tell them it’s a scholarly thing, you’re a student of Alex Jones (as opposed to a student of Alex Jones’s), but if that was a joke they don’t seem to get it. You’ve done this before, or more or less, the obsessing over things you find basically repugnant. (Sarah Silverman regards this as a quirk of Jewishness, the need to shove your whole face in and “smell the sour milk.”) You’re only half-Jewish. As a child you consumed anything you could about aliens, and were deathly afraid of aliens. (You’re given to understand that a young Kurt Cobain was also like this, even specifically that the cover of Communion, Whitley Strieber’s alien abduction memoir, had scared the living hell out of him, too.)
But you’d seen some questionable connection, some exploitable thread, linking InfoWars and Alex Jones to George Orwell and 1984 — that is supposed to have been the point. You were supposed to have discussed 1984 on its 75th anniversary, or maybe its 40th. Har har. (You have your doubts about this kind of assignment in general, things pegged to anniversaries, and in any case you’ve blown your deadline by a couple of months; 1984 was published in June 1949.) It’s not that there isn’t any there there, so to speak, that’s not what makes it questionable. Alex talks about Orwell any chance he gets, which is to say he says the same two or three things whenever the opportunity presents. There is a chant he loves to lead, say, when he’s approaching the Capitol on January 6 (“The answer to 1984 is 1776!”), and Alex knows the trivium that Orwell’s real name was Eric Blair. (He pronounces the pen name somewhere in the neighborhood of JARGE ARR-WELL.) That this is, functionally speaking, all he knows was to have powered the original head-fake in your pitch to your editor: that 1984 is just “universal” which is to say vague enough that anyone of any political persuasion can point to it. You were going to pull quotes from the book that a right-winger would be liable to read as prophetic or probative of their position, or whatever. But you were going to then do what Alex never does, contextualize, providing insight into the specificity of Orwell’s historical/political moment — and yes, undercutting what had until then masqueraded as your argument in re: vagueness/universality. This was supposed to have been a very clever moment indeed.
“ … Russia should probably be filed under blue due to its (blue’s) overall cold, clinical gestalt, for example … ”Arch Goldwater collection
You’d had the idea but then couldn’t get down to it (which isn’t like you, you’re a go-getter) and then kept doing your quote-unquote additional research into Alex and InfoWars and that was where the family entered the picture, being all needlessly worried. You would’ve gotten to it soon enough, or eventually — really — but then someone took a potshot at Donald Trump onstage at a rally and everything really came unglued. Certain fine but firm lines began to vibrate and blur. Your own and your friends’ and peer group’s and family members’ and political allies’ (real or imagined) vis-à-vis adversaries’ (same) reactions became hard to distinguish. The way your dreams digested or dissolved this complexity only added to the complexity. (When you’d been sleeping, anyway.) Someone, a friend, pointed out how Trump being saved by having turned his head up and to the right inverted JFK’s back and to the left in a way that couldn’t have been more symbolically perfect. Somewhere, maybe a message board, a joke about “Kentucky windage” got made that then morphed into a joke about wind shear, citing the movie Outbreak from 1995 featuring Dustin Hoffman. The AR-15 emerged as central to more than one conversation or group text or nightmare. Variations on Hi, NSA! or Well if you weren’t on a list already, you are now. It wasn’t hard to imagine (or did it really transpire?) that Alex took to the airwaves and quite literally forced his employees to intone a prayer in words of their own choosing, each in turn, for the live audience. You almost sympathized with whoever had to go first. An exasperated friend texted to say, of Americans and their guns, that the fetishism is so obvious as to hardly merit unearthing, which (d)evolved into a conversation about how, as recounted in Come As You Are: The Story of Nirvana,drummer Dave Grohl’s dad, the very first time he heard Nevermind, noticed that the first three songs all mentioned a gun (having or not having one, making sure it was loaded if you did) and told Dave, basically, oh so it’s Kurt’s dick. And that was in 1991.
The Armalite/Colt AR-15™ is kinda the Kleenex or Dumpster (™, ™) of the Guns & Ammo set.
At a certain point you shut off your phone, ignoring several unreturned texts and unanswered calls. Down to business. On Netflix you select a multipart documentary about Russia/the U.S.S.R.-U.S. relationship/nuclear annihilation, thinking even before you hit Play that the relevance is almost downright spooky. Stalin pictured as a young thug was a handsome devil, so to the degree that you can or are encouraged to read Big Brother as a stand-in, all the suggestions about him being hot (while having eyes ever on you) make a lot of sense, suddenly. The thrust of the doc overall seems to be that you can trace a line directly from the nuclear arms race, beginning around the middle of WWII, through to today, the modern security state being both a relic of a Cold War that putatively ended and something that Americans have become slowly inured to, to the point of not even being able to see it. You think of that parable about the fish not knowing what water is. The CIA itself didn’t even exist until after the war, and it was a bumbling failure in its formative outings, which can be forgiven given that it was up against a KGB that had already been an NKVD and a Cheka and God only knows what else. You think of that parable involving the frog and the pot of water brought to a boil. Of the unreturned texts, the most recent had its contents partially visibleon the lock screen of your phone as you powered it down. Of the InfoWars employees who’d had to intone the prayer, you are already familiar with most, if not all: Harrison Smith (out-and-out neo-Nazi), Owen Shroyer (did time for January 6), Chase Geiser (what a name). Alex sometimes refers to what Chase does for him as “beavering.” And wouldn’t that be the way it goes down, the eyes that are ever on you being ones that, well, maybe you don’t mind so much being there?
” … but of course not on the level of orange (a dire warning) … ”Arch Goldwater collection
One of the unforeseen consequences of the first atomic test at the Trinity site, in 1945, in the New Mexico desert, was that the sand immediately under the tower that had held the bomb safely aloft had (the sand) fused from the immense, intense heat generated by the blast, into a kind of pocked ore that technically qualified as glass and that the assembled scientists had dubbed “Trinitite.” The fact that your editor happens to be the possessor of a half-dollar-size chunk of the stuff cannot be the kind of thing that quote-unquote just happens. Learning of these things, watching as the correspondences stack up, becomes seductive not just intellectually, you are finding, but because there is an affective chord somewhere being gently stroked; the everyday objects in your apartment sizzle — it’s as if someone tweaked your own personal brightness dial. A frisson settling at the base of the spine. Trinitite just so happened to be green, a green glass, technically. One of the atomic spies — the Soviets had more than one in on the Manhattan Project — was named David Greenglass. Trump’s wannabe assassin (his Princip or his Oswald) had taken his aim from atop a warehouse belonging to AGR: American Glass Research. And an onscreen someone with an unplaceable Eastern Bloc accent opines that Vladimir Putin doesn’t seek a restoration of the U.S.S.R. so much as a return to the perceived glory of the Russian Empire. In which case, you are thinking, maybe it’s not such a bad idea to keep the larder stocked with an extra-beefy CIA.
You are willing to cop to the lack of sleep becoming a problem (also the voice you hear your thoughts in being a little too loud, out of nowhere), but doesn’t Donald Trump offer the ultimate counterexample, or could it be that his partisans really find him pretty? Also, an inchoate but discomfiting idea begins to take hold, the unique frustration of something being always just out of reach or beyond naming, of notions that seem, even feel, great but that aren’t quite resolving in a way you can get your head around. Your editor, Arch, will provide essential guidance, and so to help him out you begin printing off what you are referring to as notes, organizing them according to their various threads, each into a folder of its own color — Orwell in blue, InfoWars in red, Nirvana in yellow, Russia in green, nukes in purple, an orange folder that becomes quickly unwieldy and overflows with printouts relating to various domestic spy agencies. Trump doesn’t get his own folder, because the story of Trump getting shot strikes you as so all-encompassing that to organize those notes would be futile. Arch grew up partly in New Mexico but partly in your old stomping grounds, near the Mason-Dixon Line, one reason you get along so famously. You gather up the folders and your keys and MetroCard and set out for his place in Riverdale.
“ … or red (the system blinks in abject terror).”Arch Goldwater collection
This has been an obvious mistake, though, because clearly anything relating to nukes should be green, both on account of Trinitite and for ironic commentary, maybe, about environmental impacts. Nor can you overlook certain affective valences relating to color: Russia should probably be filed under blue due to its (blue’s) overall cold, clinical gestalt, for example. It begins to upset you on the subway. The AR-15, or what we now know to call an “AR-15 style” rifle — the Armalite/Colt AR-15™ is kinda the Kleenex or Dumpster (™, ™) of the Guns & Ammo set — essentially just refers to a gas-powered semiautomatic of a certain contour that is easily moddable, has negligible recoil, fires at high velocity, and, being largely plastic and aluminum and not so much steel, weighs next to nothing. Baby’s First Lil Murder Machine — there have been mass shooters who had never even fired a gun prior to executing their first victim, and who selected the AR (style) for expressly these reasons. The message on your lock screen had been from your sister and mentioned the name of a doctor whose home office you are none too keen on darkening the door of again. You seize on the idea of filing anything InfoWars in yellow, thinking of how Alex is such a chickenhawk. But then what to do about Nirvana? Yellow indicates some lack of ease but of course not on the level of orange (a dire warning) or red (the system blinks in abject terror). You’d been happy or at least somewhat relieved, in the immediate aftermath of the Trump shooting, not to have been alone in jumping to the unevidenced conclusion that that shit was staged. How Alex avoided a custodial sentence when Owen, who is a charisma vacuum and so had engaged in the same behaviors, just less effectively, on January 6, got two months in prison — how this came to pass is beyond you. Early reports had indicated that it might not have been a round from the shooter’s AR but a fragment of glass from Trump’s own teleprompter that got him; it almost doesn’t matter that you can clearly see an intact teleprompter in the photos, it feels like something that ought to be true, and so it is. Or can be. What Chase does for Alex — beavering — mostly entails printing out headlines and tweets and shaping the results into “stacks” for the InfoWars broadcast. The apparent lack of casualties among rally-goers is another element to be seized on, even if ultimately untrue (someone lay dying as the crowd chanted U-S-A, U-S-A). Green (peaceful, soothing) turns out to be all wrong even at the granular level of the Trinitite, aka “Alamogordo glass,” which after all is nuclear fallout, though its half-life is admittedly less scary than that of other radioisotopes enchained by the test blast (plutonium-239’s is on the order of 24,000 years). You worry a little that Arch has been exposed, irradiated slowly. You might insist that his personal chunk not be in the room when you hand over, Woodward- or Bernstein-like, all your notes. The triumph of feelings over facts is if not something InfoWars invented then something it perfected, has been your operating assumption. A thought, dark like a sudden storm, involving Cobain’s obsession with Lennon and Manson’s obsession with the Beatles and the CIA’s (possible, bruited) involvement with Manson and all it takes is the name of MK-Ultra headshrinker JOLYON WEST flashing across the mnemoptical screen for this road, like all roads, to converge again on JFK. On the stoop of a house in the Bronx it isn’t Arch you are greeted by but his wife, Veronica, who you have decided likes you overall but currently seems … deep orange. Trump needed to redirect attention from the Heritage Foundation and Project 2025 and the (latest) Epstein revelations and so, because you could impute this motive, well … After their forced prayer the InfoWarriors had moved into asserting without evidence that Trump’s would-be assassin had been Antifa. Veronica, who unlike you has a cellphone on her person, is dialing a number, and after an almost suspiciously short span of time there will be the silent but strobing approach of an emergency vehicle and a couple of put-upon EMTs will make the mistake of wondering about certain elements of the whole assassination “narrative” as they sedate you, en route, ignoring your protestations in re folder-coloration and -mixing, saying something about the deep state…
… Something about civilizations needing first to destroy themselves from within, before they can be overtaken from without. But mostly, as the chemical warmth overtakes you and the overexposed light in back of the ambulance dims, you are left with a lone image from 1984, a reference to a single swatch of text, eminently cherry-pickable in that Alex Jones way: of an American life drained of curiosity, of enjoyment, of all quote-unquote competing pleasures, without art or literature or science or even sex, “with no distinction between beauty and ugliness” (an especially fatidic line, or so it seems to you at present), and where beside remains only the
intoxication of power, constantly increasing and constantly growing subtler. Always, at every moment, there will be the thrill of victory, the sensation of trampling on an enemy who is helpless. If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face — for ever.
And you, you too can feel the slippage, the happiness in ignorance or slavery or a warm gun … the lobotomized contentment of that end-state. You, too, have won the victory over yourself. You love — but the ocean wave shrugs. Darkness, coming down fast. Yes she is. Do it to her, to Julia. Julia, what a …
Oh, well, whatever. Never mind. ❖
Mike Laws is, in point of fact, only somewhat obsessed with Alex Jones. He is actually far crazier and much more difficult to be around when it comes to his beloved Baltimore Orioles.
It was half a century ago that labor radio broadcaster Studs Terkel published Working: People Talk About What They Do All Day and How They Feel About What They Do. The almost-600-page book was anchored in first-person accounts from 150 Americans, who spoke about their working life in just about every sector of the economy, as well as in several civil-service titles.
A mix of labor journalism and anthropology, Working was informed exclusively by the voice of the workers, who demonstrate a disarming intimacy with Terkel (1912–2008), revealing much about each individual but even more about the society they labored in.
Each work/life account is its own universe. There are descriptions of how people came to be in their jobs, as well as what it took to hold onto them. There are names you might know, such as actor Rip Torn and jazz musician Bud Freeman. But mostly, it’s everyday folks that Terkel, who broadcast from WFMT, out of Chicago, brought into the spotlight. Of course, a table of contents in a book published 50 years ago contains no reference to today’s “essential workers,” nor the “gig economy.”
Carmelita Lester was a practical nurse who had migrated from the West Indies. Terkel interviewed her in 1962, when she was working in a nursing home for well-off elderly residents. Lester described her unique bond with one of her charges, who she called “her baby,” and also offered a searing social commentary. “All these people here are not helpless,” Lester volunteered. “But the family get rid of them. There is a lady here, her children took her for a ride one day and pushed her out of the car. Let her walk and wander. She couldn’t find her way home … And they try to take away all that she has. They’re trying to make her sign papers and things like those. There’s nothing wrong with her.”
Lester’s decades-old complaint of insufficient staffing at her nursing home would resonate with the 21st-century congregant care workforce that was savaged by the COVID pandemic.
In 1974, 32.6% of our nation’s income was going to the top 10% of the population. By 2022, the top 20% income cohort held close to 71% of all U.S. wealth, worth about $97.7 trillion.
“This picture of the works and days of contemporary America and Americans shows what our life, at least a large part of our life, actually looks like from inside,” wrote the philosopher Lewis Mumford in a blurb that appeared on the back of Terkel’s tour de force. “The shock of reading this book is like the shock of hearing one’s voice played back by a recorder. One cannot put down this book without wanting to take a long hard look at one’s own life and daily work.”
Indeed, Terkel doesn’t pull his punches: “As the automated pace of our daily lives wipes out name and face — and, in many instances, feeling — there is a sacrilegious question being asked these days,” he writes in Working. “To earn one’s bread by the sweat of one’s brow has always been the lot of mankind. At least, ever since Eden’s slothful couple was served with an eviction notice. The scriptural precept was never doubted, not out loud. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses and breaks the spirit, one must work. Or else.”
In 1974, the nation was still simmering from the unrest of the anti–Vietnam War and civil rights struggles. Among workers, 26.5% belonged to a union. Today, just 10% of Americans are union members, though there’s been a considerable uptick in workers petitioning to form a union over the past few years, and of employers opting to voluntarily recognize a union. In 1974, 32.6% of our nation’s income was going to the top 10% of the population. By 2022, the top 20% income cohort held close to 71% of all U.S. wealth, worth about $97.7 trillion.
“For the American worker, 1974 was a glum year,” according to the Congressional Quarterly published in 1975. “Despite the abandonment of three years of wage and price controls, wages never caught up with soaring prices. And by the end of the year, the work force was facing massive layoffs and a recession that threatened to be the worst since the Great Depression of the 1930s.”
Joshua Freeman is a distinguished professor emeritus at CUNY’s Queens College, and recently reread Terkel’s seminal work. When he spoke with the Voice, he noted that while today’s pop culture fixates on the idle rich as social arbiters, the American work ethic Terkel chronicled endures amid the so-called “gig economy,” where workers aren’t actually employed as staff and so get none of the benefits implicit in that status. They are free agents, without a safety net, lionized as entrepreneurs but going without healthcare, disability insurance, or any other benefit that has historically been a part of the social contract between workers and their employers. According to Gallup and McKinsey, these folks make up as much as 36% of the American workforce.
Says Freeman, “They say work has changed, but the one thing that Terkel was getting out is that across the political spectrum we tend to positively value work almost in and of itself as a morally positive thing that builds our character and helps our society and all that, and the left shares that view, for the most part. But there have always been dissident voices, like Karl Marx’s son-in-law [Paul Lafargue], who wrote the book The Right to Be Lazy that said work may be necessary, but it may not in itself be good.”
“You can’t be a hero on Wall Street.”
Freeman observes that in the ’70s, when Terkel was uplifting everyday working lives, the holders of great wealth were not the focal point that they are today. “Fifty years ago, in the 1970s, there was a post-1960s turn away from all that and some generalized sense in the culture that there were other things that were more important. And then slowly, in unexpected ways, you had this rise of the next generation of the super-wealthy who were much wealthier proportionately than even the great Gilded Age fortunes. You had the Rockefellers — which were nothing compared to Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos.” Freeman adds, “People don’t go around holding the billionaires in contempt that much. They kind of get a free pass as far as I am concerned. There’s not a general disdain for the super-wealthy at this moment.”
John Samuelsen is the international president of the Transportation Workers Union of America, representing 155,000 workers in several sectors, with a heavy concentration in transit, where there has been considerable pressure to switch to driverless technologies that eliminate jobs. In 2019, Samuelsen spoke out against this automation trend at a conference convened at the Vatican by Pope Francis on the global climate crisis. The TWU leader warned that driverless buses would undermine public safety and cause the loss of several hundred thousand jobs in the U.S. alone. “The world has dramatically changed in 50 years — whatever original generations of technology there were back then, we are so beyond that. The only thing that’s going to maintain the dignity of work and the idea of work itself is the trade union movement. That’s the only force that can come up against capital, the investor class, the Silicon Valleyists, and perhaps worst of all, your neo-liberal bean counters that are looking to use technology because they think it is better for society. They think they can reduce a state or city budget and so they cut taxes for the rich by implementing technology to screw workers, and oftentimes to screw communities.”
Samuelsen gave the Voice some real-world examples of how having a sentient human being driving a bus or train was a matter of life and death. “There’s not a snowball’s chance in hell anybody rooted in reality would believe that an automated bus in inner-city America is better or provides better service than a human. Bus drivers have delivered babies. They have gone off-route and brought mothers whose water has broken to the front doors of hospitals. They have radioed ahead to make sure that the maternity ward crew was at the front door waiting for them as they pull up. They have brought gunshot victims right to the front door of hospitals that would have died otherwise…. They are a vital part of service delivery and our communities.”
This past May, workers organized by 1199 SEIU took part in a Day of Action in multiple locations throughout New York State.Robert Hennelly
Terkel’s tome sees work through the prism of a search “for daily meaning as well as daily bread.” There isn’t a differentiation analogous to the Covid caste distinction that society made in 2020, between the so-called “essential worker” and everybody else, who had either lost their job or were able to work remotely. There was no collective pot banging or bell ringing for Terkel’s army 50 years ago.
The Covid mass death event — which killed more than 1.1 million Americans, almost twice the number who died during the WWI-era Spanish flu epidemic — shifted the labor-capital balance of power in much the same way as a war. And with government and employers unable to contain the deadly virus, workers and their families had to fend for themselves. An intimate familial mutual aid was required, as in-person public education shut down to varying degrees, depending on how red or blue your zip code was. According to the National Governors Association, the metrics and dashboards used by education officials in determining these shutdowns varied from state to state. Grandparents, aunts, and uncles quit their jobs to care for grandkids, nieces, and nephews, drafted by the necessity of somebody having to be home with the children. Workers and employers, both public and private, are still processing the effects of the lockdown and the changes it wrought in the way we work.
In the 21st century, there was a price to be paid for our pandemic unpreparedness. The lack of basics, such as N-95 masks, and the shortage of nurses and allied professionals undermined efforts to contain Covid, and there were consequences. As reported in Kaiser Health News, 3,600 healthcare workers perished in Covid’s first wave, with close to 700 in the New York/New Jersey area alone. And Covid outpaced every other cause of line-of-duty death for law enforcement. In 2023, the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund reported that in the previous year, Covid had been the leading line-of-duty cause of death for police officers, including state, tribal, and local law enforcement officers, with even higher numbers in 2021.
In 2003, the EPA inspector general was harshly critical of how the EPA, under the leadership of former New Jersey governor Christie Todd Whitman, had downplayed and actually misrepresented the hazards in and around the World Trade Center site.
Workers engaging with the public in the Transportation Security Administration, represented by the American Federation of Government Employees, were particularly hard-hit, as the Trump administration tried to downplay the pandemic. Overall, close to 600 federal civil servants died; particularly vulnerable were workers at congregant care facilities for the Veterans Administration and the Bureau of Prisons, as well as those employed in food processing. This workplace exposure posed a significant risk to civil servant households. Unlike in Terkel’s 1974 time capsule, at the height of Covid anyone who had to be out in the world to “earn their daily bread” risked death, or bringing the possibly fatal disease home to their families.
Similarly, in the early days of the pandemic members of TWU Local 100 were told by New York City’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority managers not to wear masks in the subway, for fear it would panic subway riders, stating that the masks should be reserved for clinicians. More than 100 of these workers perished from the disease. When Covid vaccines became available, most of New York City’s 300,000 municipal workers were required to get one or face termination, including firefighters.
In Working, Terkel interviewed New York City firefighter Tom Patrick, who had started out as a New York City police officer. Patrick saw firefighting as a noble pursuit, telling Terkel, “The fuckin’ world’s so fucked up, the country’s fucked up. But the firemen, you actually see them produce. You see them put out a fire. You see them come out with babies in their hands. You see them give mouth-to-mouth when a guy’s dying. You can’t get around that shit. That’s real. To me, that’s what I want to be.” Terkel concludes Working with Patrick’s story, perhaps because the fireman’s tale is so compelling, as when he notes, “I was in a fire one night, we had all-hands. An all-hands is you got a workin’ fire and you’re the first in there, and the first guy in there is gonna take the worst beatin.’ You got the nozzle, the hose, you’re takin’ a beating. If another company comes up behind you, you don’t give up that nozzle. It’s pride. To put out the fire. We go over this with oxygen and tell the guy, ‘Get out, get oxygen.’ They won’t leave. I think guys want to be heroes. You can’t be a hero on Wall Street.”
New York City firefighter Andy Ansbro is the president of the Uniformed Firefighters Association, which represents today’s FDNY firefighters. “In the last 50 years, the changes to the fire service have been enormous and the dangers that come with it have grown exponentially,” Ansbro tells the Voice. He points out that “the contents of the average home have gone from wood and natural fibers to a collection of plastics and heavy metals associated with electronics and e-bikes. Firefighters are now exposed to much more toxins and carcinogens during the regular course of duty than would have been imagined.” Ansbro explains, “Due to the chemical makeup of contents of apartments, houses, and commercial office buildings, the fires are growing faster, and also the better environmental standards for insulation are keeping the buildings buttoned up tighter so that the heat and toxins don’t escape as quickly. Windows tend not to fail, so hold all the toxins, smoke, and heat in until we have to breach the exterior and get in and fight the fire while everything gets released on us all at once.”
In recent years, workers, particularly healthcare workers, have been more apt to go on strike.
These changes have been decades in the making. Ansbro recalls how his members found themselves caught up in the 9/11 World Trade Center terrorist attack, with 343 FDNY members perishing that day. In 2023, the FDNY announced on social media that an equal number of FDNY members had now succumbed to 9/11-related illnesses, after toxic exposure to the air in and around the site, which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the City of New York had falsely claimed was “safe to breathe.” In 2003, theEPA inspector generalwas harshly critical of how the EPA, under the leadership of former New Jersey governor Christie Todd Whitman, had downplayed and actually misrepresented the hazards in and around the World Trade Center site, stating, in part, “Evidence gathered through government hearings, news reports, public polls, health studies, and our own interviews indicated that the public did not receive sufficient air quality information and wanted more information on health risks.”
At the time, the Giuliani administration did not contradict the EPA’s pronouncements that the air was “safe to breathe.” For a number of years, into Mayor Bloomberg’s tenure, the city steadfastly dismissed the occupational health concerns expressed by the unions representing workers who were on the frontlines of the response and clean-up, which was completed in May 2002. “One incident 23 years later is still killing firefighters due to the toxic environment that was created by the terrorist attack,” Ansbro notes, adding that to this very day, his union and other concerned parties “are trying to get to the bottom of what the city knew — and when — about the chemicals and toxins we were exposed to. Unfortunately, this has eroded the trust that firefighters as well as citizens would have in our government, that they would be honest with them when it came to public health.”
Skepticism about employers in general found expression in what was deemed the post-lockdown “Great Resignation,” with 50 million Americans opting to quit their jobs in 2022. Labor economists have cited multiple reasons for this phenomenon, including a shift in priorities culture-wide, workers’ reluctance to return to the office, early retirement, and some of the federal financial support offered to the general population during the worst of the pandemic.
In recent years, workers, particularly healthcare workers, have been more apt to go on strike. In August of last year, United Steelworkers Nurses Local 4-200 walked out against Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, demanding improved staffing levels. They held their ground until December, when the hospital acceded to their demands, settling the strike.
In such key sectors as healthcare, the fallout from the pandemic remains stubbornly real, with over one million skilled nurses opting not to practice at the hospital bedside because of what they see as the “moral injury” of the risk they face working in a system that consistently puts profits over people.
Carol Tanzi, RN, has 28 years of experience as a nurse and is USW Nurses Local 4-200’s chief shop steward. “Nobody wants to be complicit with a system that doesn’t value humans,” Tanzi tells the Voice. “What are we doing if we are not giving our best to these humans that are at their most vulnerable? They come to us at the worst times of their lives and look to us with pleading eyes — please take care of my baby, please take care of my mother — and we are failing them, not because we want to but because the system is literally set up to fail. As long as the CEOs and higher-ups are making money, they don’t care about anything else.” ❖
Bob Hennelly is an award-winning print and broadcast journalist who covers labor and politics for Salon, Work-Bites, City & State, and InsiderNJ. He hosts the Stuck Nation Radio Labor Hour on Pacifica’s WBAI, 99.5 FM, and is the New York City Hall reporter for WBGO, 88.3 FM, NPR’s jazz station, in Newark, New Jersey.
Where’s that orange paperback, Art Deco, by Bevis Hillier? Michael Gass, my sparkling actor-boyfriend at Brandeis University, in Massachusetts, handed it to me in 1968, his sophomore, my senior year. The jewel of a book proposed the beauty of a reviving style he thought I would like — and would help me to get to know him better.
More important, he let me wear and ultimately keep his baggy, deco-chevroned sweater, which I wish I had held onto. Almost six decades later, I dream, in living color, that I’m wearing it, smelling him in it, as if we were in the same room.
We loved Hollywood movies. He clued me in to who Bette Davis, the scene-shaker with iconic drag-queen magnetism, really was. (Luckily, “Have yourself a merry little Christmas” Judy Garland was already mine.) We also discussed thrilling Joanne Woodward and the 1957 film she won Best Actress for, The Three Faces of Eve. In it, she was forced as a little girl to kiss her grandmother’s corpse, and the combination of trauma and grief split her into multiple personalities and literally drove her crazy. Three Faces gave me nightmares for years.
This slightly younger lover set out to be my queer mentor — the whispered word then was gay. I guess it worked.
We broke up, because at the time I couldn’t, or wouldn’t, be as out as he was, which I regret. Yet we remained in contact, easygoing friends.
Then, in February 1984, I got a call from a stranger who said, in a dispassionate voice, that Michael had died “suddenly” of pneumonia after a short hospital stay. She had pulled my number off the end of his Rolodex.
Michael, who worked for WABC-TV in NYC, developed the first digital logo for Monday Night Football, which, when he admitted this to me, made us giggle. The Michael I had rolled around with would never, ever have gone to a football game, unless he were wooing some wide receiver.
Some of my seropositive cohorts, still here because of luck, accident, or prescient wisdom, found so-called “AIDS cocktails” (antiretroviral therapy) in time. We grieve together.
Yes, his pneumonia was a result of early HIV-1 infection. In the universe of dreadful coincidence, I very much later met a healthcare expert, Scott, on an online date. Both recently widowed, we found conversation by recounting loves and losses. When I mentioned the talented Mr. Gass from college, his face froze. It turned out that Scott, who had been trained as a specialist in infectious diseases but whose first job brought him to a New York hospital with early AIDS patients, had taken care of Michael. He clearly remembered the playful, erotic man I knew. Scott gurneyed Michael’s sheet-shrouded body into an elevator and watched it disappear. Later, he told me how the steady horror of his groundbreaking AIDS-patient work almost capsized his life.
Rage As Grief
I’m 76 now, taking PrEP, which almost totally prevents HIV infection. Darling spouse Daniel, 33, is on PrEP too.
My long, seronegative life is rife with AIDS grief. I lost lovers, friends, colleagues to HIV-related death and wish to report a few of their names: Joe, Delbert, John, Vito, Chris, Philip-Dimitri, Donald. Still, as I grow older, I see that grief has at least three faces.
Its first is personal loss, injected with a shaking fury that missing lives could have been saved. Government bluntly despised us: Pat Buchanan, communications director for President Ronald Reagan, called AIDS “nature’s revenge on gay men.”
“It’s their deliberate, disgusting, revolting conduct that is responsible for the disease,” said North Carolina senator Jesse Helms — his typical reelect-me spittle. Helms was by no means an anomaly. The Federal Drug Administration’s cowardly inaction, profiteering from AIDS drugs, and price gouging, plus big pharma’s avarice in holding back government-funded PrEP research, killed us for years.
Grief is not just for a person but for a place, a home: apartments, shops, libraries, schools battered and wrecked.
Some of my seropositive cohorts, still here because of luck, accident, or prescient wisdom, found so-called “AIDS cocktails” (antiretroviral therapy) in time. We grieve together. Yet grief is additionally knotted for them, understanding that they could have been — or could be, in a lifelong imagination — the next to go, further losses to the obstinate AIDS pandemic.
Sad, raging grief is for those we knew and loved, which each panel of the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt, initially displayed in 1987, made clear. That massive artwork, stitched by independent mourners for thousands upon thousands most of us didn’t know, shamed in aching visual ways those responsible for a beloved’s demise. For a 1988 Village Voice article, I spoke to many of those in New York who sewed quilt panels, though I never had the bravery or skill to make one myself. When I finally saw the panels on the quilt in Atlanta, before it came to New York, they were serious, flowery, affectionate — so many teddy bears — and sexy, “always with names carried into the future,” I wrote. Visitors wept. Individual grief is never alone.
How to Celebrate Loss
The second face of grief is appreciation, how we keep the pulse and achievement of those we have lost awake, thriving. Let me give another example, the “John” on my list.
John Bernd was neither my lover nor, at first, my friend. He was a gangly, graceful dancer who, in January 1982, did a performance in New York’s East Village (at what was then called Performance Space 122) entitled Surviving Love and Death,which I reviewed for the Voice. Surviving was about John being ill in the early ’80s with something no one could figure out. “Is it the new gay cancer?” he asked, as he stretched on the stage in a way that showed his body was becoming a stranger. He had been advised to make healthy vegetable smoothies, so he blended one in front of us and drank, then slunk, already accepting that nutrition was futile. GRID, Gay-Related Immunodeficiency Disease, was just being named; “AIDS” arrived a year later. John, a close neighbor, continued to perform until he couldn’t, and died in 1988.
Fellow queer dancer Ishmael Houston-Jones worked with John and didn’t want his or anyone’s legacy to be erased by AIDS, so he developed “Platform 2016: Lost and Found,” a series of recreated performances and events devoted to Bernd. On November 15, 2016, Memory Palace: A Vigil brought readers, movers, and musicians to St. Mark’s Church, also in the East Village. I was asked to take part. We were offered colored chalk or crayons, and when my turn came, I told short, woven stories about those I had lost, including Michael Gass, striding, bending, and writing each name on a scroll of paper taped to the danceable wooden floor. Those who know me will confirm that I weep at the drop of any hat, but during that crowded, puzzling evening I grinned, even laughed. Joy can peek out of death. At the end I left, alone, to walk the few blocks to my dark apartment.
Grief’s Final Face …
… is perhaps that of the architectural historian Mahdi Sabbagh, who grew up in Palestine. He was part of a June “long-table” discussion, “Reclaiming Queerness, Reclaiming Palestine,” at Manhattan’s Leslie-Lohman Museum of Art, an occasion that reminded everyone present how many queers have also been killed and erased by the ongoing genocide. But Sabbagh and others, like writer Hussein Omar, also explained how grief is not just for a person but for a place, a home: apartments, shops, libraries, schools battered and wrecked. Rubble and bones, empty doorways, ashen gardens. And Sabbagh admitted grief confusion, that this longer and wider sadness sometimes numbed him to silence, inexplicable and, as he said, “existential.”
Famine in Sudan, the Palestinian Nakba, or “catastrophe” (which I have grown up with, since it began in 1948, a year after I was born), and a long history of self-perpetuating wars are breathtakingly preventable and stoppable, like HIV infection and AIDS. Almost every day I wake up darkened by shadows of the unmet dead.
Certainly, this last mien of grief should be a massive shout, though still concurrent with the other, quieter two. I will continue to fight, for PrEP access and HIV elimination, letting queers and sexual beings like me everywhere stay alive, and helping worldwide survivors like us bulwark against racial hatred, borderless greed, skeletal hunger, and the vicious predation of war.
Can I possibly make these three faces one? A long-ago friend, Robert Glück, recently published a wondrous novel-memoir, About Ed. Ed Aulerich-Sugai was one of Bob’s earliest boyfriends; Ed tested positive for HIV in 1987 and died of AIDS-related complications in 1994. The book is about many things, but mostly grief, passion, and the slippery nature of memorial love. Here’s a passage in which Glück cites an earlier, unpredictable fictional memorialist, German writer W.G. Sebald, whose writing often focused on the Holocaust. According to Glück, Sebald’s work:
… marks a change in Holocaust fiction, because the shock of mass death does not overwhelm the complexity of his characters. Was Ed’s death a trauma that replaced his life? Was he thrown into the mass grave of HIV? In mass death, recovery occurs in the collective mind over time. It may take a generation to reacquaint ourselves with the dead, for their rich complexity to be apparent once more.
I suspect that it will take more than one generation, but maybe then, friends, the necessary task of grieving can be done. ❖
Jeff Weinstein is a writer, editor, and teacher based in New York. A former restaurant critic at the Village Voice, he’s contributed articles about art, style, books, and queer politics and health to the Voice, the New Yorker, Artforum, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Baffler, and many other publications.
“Do you remember your President Nixon?” David Bowie asked the Watergate-gobsmacked denizens of God’s favorite country half a century ago. Starting with the pointed “your,” this was cheeky of him, considering that our President Nixon had vacated the White House on August 9, 1974. That was only two days — two days! — before Bowie recorded the vocal track for what would become the title tune of his 1975 album, Young Americans, at Philadelphia’s Sigma Sound studios.
A whole lot was going on in them there days. So let me take you down in the time machine, as John Lennon might say. Let’s call Bowie the anti-Nixon of our most schizophrenic 20th-century decade, not that it lacks for 21st-century competition.
Vying over who owned the Zeitgeist back then was a Bingo game gone anarchist. Nixon, who’d had his own innings of introducing new Nixons to a bemused public, with mixed success — and who might have gone to his grave without any idea who David Bowie was — would have known that in his bones.
Choosing soon-to-be-legendary Philly producers Gamble & Huff’s house venue as his latest musical bivouac signaled the onetime Ziggy Stardust’s transit from space-oddity weirdness and diamond-dog doomsaying, along with whatever other oddball but predictive flights took his fancy — e.g., Pinups, his anticipatory punk-covers album before punk existed — to what the main man himself acutely called “plastic soul.” And it was.
Then, as always, our anti-Nixon was as comfy with his own artificiality as his Potomac doppelgänger was hamstrung by his. But Bowie was dabbling in audibly fake authenticity for once, which seemed to be just what Dr. Rorschach had ordered to make temporary sense of our permanently spread-eagled, 50-state inkblot.
That made Bowie the ideal greeter station-to-stationed just then at America’s eternal revolving door. You know, the one where the only Muzak our muffled ears ever hear is the Beatles’ “Revolution” on repeat as we’re trapped eyeing each other through imprisoning but somehow promisingly spinning glass. We were and still are a bit like those bourgeois dinner guests inexplicably confined in a sumptuous manse in Luis Buñuel’s The Exterminating Angel — we’d get out faster than Laurel and Hardy if we could figure out how.
So far as revolving-door ch-ch-ch-changes go, it’s no surprise that we (white, naturally) ignorami mistook Bowie’s latest bust-a-move for what it wasn’t. Namely, our introduction to what we’d soon learn to call disco. Try to imagine disco as the soundtrack to the Nixon era and you’ll instantly realize what a short, strange trip it was from the Saturday Night Massacre — when the Department of Justice’s two top officials quit rather than carry out Nixon’s order to fire initial Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox before then solicitor general Robert Bork dutifully bent over to split the clam without even asking for K-Y jelly in October of 1973 — to Saturday Night Fever and Saturday Night Live.
Former White House counsel John Dean still shows up on cable news sometimes, enjoying his late-life promotion to wise man after being Nixon’s legal flunky turned Senate stool pigeon.
Despite some surface noise to the contrary, Bowie never went full-on Bee Gees on us. No You can tell from the way I sing that I’ve got my balls tied in a sling / And you can tell from my tone of fright that the sling on my balls is much too tight for him. Never a true convert to disco, or anything else, he was a man born for flirting with everything under the sun, over the moon, and whatever orbital rubbish happened to float in between. That was why we trusted Ziggy Zeitgeist to identify our next bright-shiny thing 180 in this damn automat restaurant’s door.
Given his quasi-janitorial job in the culture, it’s not to Bowie’s discredit that, aside from the aforesaid title tune and the Lennon-abetted funk collab “Fame,” most of Young Americans hasn’t aged any better than the unrefrigerated Stilton so many English housewives discovered in their kitchens once Swinging London bit the dust. (It was better than biting the Stilton.) Nonetheless, Bowie’s intuition that the times they were a-chord-changing was at its sharpest in the most transformational year of my lifetime. Well, until recently, but we’ll get to invidious comparisons down the road.
If Bowie’s “Do you remember” question about our fallible national memory was mischievous, it also turned out to be prescient. That’s because the difference between 1974 and 1975 was so seismic. Although it wasn’t too big of a hit — “Fame” took the honors there — “Young Americans” caught the cusp of that calendar flip like no other song I know.
Its despairing vignettes of heartland heartbreak (Bowie had been listening a lot to a newbie named Bruce Springsteen) kept being interrupted by a zesty, sweaty, hedonistic chorus, with a jaunty saxophone hook that interlaced the two. The resulting panorama envisioned American life as an endlessly renewable, perpetually hurtling present, with no time for more than an occasional glance at the receding (and sometimes, alarmingly oncoming) rear-view mirror.
In October 1974, Bowie was on the third leg of his “Diamond Dogs” tour, but he was already including songs from his upcoming “Young Americans” album, including the title track.VILLAGE VOICE ARCHIVE, October 24, 1974
Not, as may go without saying — and that’s what they all say, I can hear you groan — that any of us could imagine actually forgetting Richard Nixon. He’d been a churlish constant in our lives since, in my case, early childhood. Considering that my parents’ politics pretty much came down to despising him, it’s a wonder that my first word as I spat out my first taste of Gerber’s in a budding foodie’s first tantrum wasn’t a denunciatory “Nixxum.” For all I know, it may have been.
I still can’t imagine forgetting him, not this side of Alzheimer’s. But my graying demographic’s ranks are starting to lose teeth, the illusory reassurance of 401ks, and much else, which means that this event could be blessedly imminent. To Gen Z kids the same age 18-year-old Tom was the day Nixon resigned, his name can’t conjure up much of anything, if it registers at all.
Otherwise, all the formerly vivid headline names in America’s greatest-ever political soap opera — once again, until recently, but I’m delaying invidious comparisons to our dictator-in-waiting as long as I decently can — have vanished down the memory hole. Aside from we faithful subscribers to Dotage.com, who else remembers bent lawman John Mitchell, wannabe superspy Gordon Liddy, clumsy stonewallers H.R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, or even Veep Spiro Agnew (forever a poster child for the nolo contendere plea in a court of law), not to mention crusading prosecutor Archibald Cox? We once knew their faces better than the shell-shocked one we saw in the mirror each morning.
Nixon’s one-time speechwriter and later TV panjandrum turned revanchist presidential candidate Pat Buchanan is still around, or so Wikipedia tells me. But he’s in his mid-80s and MIA so far as the cultural conversation goes. Former White House counsel John Dean still shows up on cable news sometimes, enjoying his late-life promotion to wise man after being Nixon’s legal flunky turned Senate stool pigeon. And then there’s evil Henry Kissinger, who perpetuated his obscene role in American history by perpetrating the ultimate obscenity: living to 100, decades after miĺlions of Vietnamese and Cambodians lost their chance to do the same.
But even at the time, however, no matter how unforgettable our Nixon was, the country’s hunger to put the horror show behind us was palpable. By extension, that meant not only Watergate but the whole brackish foofaraw from November 22, 1963, on: assassinations, Vietnam, LSD, civil-rights eruptions, more assassinations, more LSD. And this our incredible country — sometimes that’s a compliment, sometimes it isn’t — triumphantly did. The French are still quarreling over 1940, if not 1870 or even 1789. But we were such cheerful amnesiacs that Watergate didn’t have any long-term consequences even for the Republican Party, despite the drubbing it got in the 1974 midterm elections. Just two years later, Gerald Ford came close enough to defeating Jimmy Carter to put Carter’s smile on semi-permanent hold, and 1980 gave us Ronald Reagan — who went on to be re-elected in a landslide not noticeably smaller than Nixon’s in ’72.
Because the interlude we now fuzzily call “the Seventies” is universally derided by people who weren’t there at the time, it’s easy to forget that, for millions of Americans, it was a decade infinitely more liberating than its immediate predecessor. Predictably, “the Sixties” gets all the good press, but let’s not forget that its new freedoms were all but monopolized by an oddball archipelago of college campuses, the hippie kingdom Robert Christgau dubbed “mass bohemia,” which wasn’t all that mass (witness Nixon’s abovementioned capture of 520 electoral votes in ’72), and what only rubes (and George Jones and Tammy Wynette) were still calling the jet set.
By the mid-’70s, America’s then still formidable suburban middle class and even some proletarian outposts were joining the fun. Women’s lib, gay lib, self-help books — and disco, kinky promiscuity, and let’s not forget cocaine — were all offering fresh opportunities to be yourself or somebody else with a vengeance. My newly enthused, forever self-renewing compatriots were taking the pursuit of happiness more literally than anyone had since Thomas Jefferson was diddling Sally Hemings. Too bad that, like all her opinions, her opinion of pursuing happiness has gone unrecorded.
No doubt it’s hyperbolic to say so. But all this seemed to flow directly from the country’s relieved goodbye-to-all-that once Nixon was gone. Indeed, I often think “the Seventies” symbolically began the minute his last trip on Air Force One deposited our disgraced president — with, by implication, the whole LSD/Vietnam foofaraw crowding the luggage compartment — in a temporarily sunless California. Or better yet, at the moment in mid-flight when he became a disgraced ex-president and Air Force One stopped being Air Force One, once his hand-picked successor, Gerald Ford, got sworn in back in Washington promptly at noon. Beat symbolism like that, I dare you.
Our whoops-a-daisy switch from five glum years of Nixon’s bum Shakespeare to the Midsummer Night’s Dream giddiness of “the Seventies” was beautifully captured in the final scene of my favorite Watergate movie of all time. Right after Kirsten Dunst and Michelle Williams, as the newly wised-up heroines of writer/director Andrew Fleming’s 1999 comedy Dick, kiss off their tainted former idol by gleefully chanting “You suck, Dick!” as an enraged Nixon (Dan Hedaya, in his best-ever performance) gives them the finger while departing into exile, Fleming cuts to the duo gracefully roller-skating around a pointedly deserted Oval Office as the credits roll to the jubilant pulses of Abba’s “Dancing Queen.”
I still can’t watch that coda without choking up. But, to paraphrase poet Joseph Brodsky, it was my youth, my one and only youth.
Carnival in Rio!
In fact, on the night of the Watergate break-in — June 17, 1972 — I wasn’t much older than the giggly, oblivious teenagers who witness the burglary in Dick. But they had a steeper learning curve.
Once Dunst and Williams are given silly jobs as White House dog-walkers to induce them to forget what they’ve seen, which they didn’t particularly understand anyway, they start out full of starry-eyed patriotic veneration for the presidency. Plus, in Williams’s character’s case, a swooning infatuation with Nixon himself, whom she imagines as a white knight, as he and his steed gallop (Gallup?) toward her on a romantic beach.
As it turns out, she caused the Watergate tapes’ infamous 18-minute gap by switching on the machine to falteringly croon Olivia Newton-John’s “I Honestly Love You” while alone in the Oval Office one day. By the end, she and Dunst have become Deep Throat, feeding a bumbling Bob Woodward (Will Farrell) the info he’ll use to bring Nixon down.
The Capitol is eternally self-important. But this vibe was different — it was almost carnal, as if we were one smoking gun away from turning the joint into our improvised Plato’s Retreat.
Fleming has said he conceived his satire out of rage at Nixon’s elder-statesman 1990s rehabilitation. He wanted us to remember what a gut punch it had been for Americans to learn that their president was a crook and his henchmen were heinous, and believe me, it was. In a way that’s all but inconceivable today, mired as we are in MAGA’s Thunderdome — millions of ordinary citizens, both Democrat and Republican, were genuinely shocked and disillusioned by the desecration of our one and only presidency, as one sordid revelation after another tumbled out.
If you want to get seriously time-warped, with a Linda Blair head rotation thrown in, many of them were also particularly outraged by the news that Nixon had used taxpayer dollars to upgrade and refurbish his San Clemente home. Tell it to Mar-a-Lago, Mr. History Man. Alert readers may notice that this is a certain former real-estate mogul’s first onstage appearance in my little memoir.
During the 1972 election, despite Woodward and Bernstein’s Washington Post gumshoeing and desperate efforts from George McGovern’s flailing campaign to raise the alarm, Watergate was barely on most people’s radar — and Nixon, of course, won in a landslide. But by spring and summer of ’73, everyone knew we were in the shitter for real, and practically every day brought another trust-battering trauma. When Secretariat won the Kentucky Derby that year, dozens of readers wrote to thank Newsweek for putting the front end of a horse on its cover for a change, and that was one of the ordeal’s lighter moments.
To the vast majority of my fellow citizens, it felt like a release from bondage when newly minted, reassuringly anodyne president, Gerald Ford, told us that our long national nightmare was over. But not in my hometown — heck, no. Ever since the break-in, we’d been having the time of our lives. Beltway lifer Chris Matthews probably puzzled most of his fans when he wrote somewhat later that, inside the District, Watergate had been “Carnival in Rio.”
But we knew exactly what he was talking about. If you’ll forgive me for garbling my Wordsworth, to be young in Washington, D.C., in those halcyon days was bliss. Was very heaven, truth to tell.
Admittedly, having been raised as a Nixophobe from cradle onward did help. It wasn’t just that we and our parents’ lifelong nemesis — Nixxum! — was getting his deeply satisfying comeuppance. It was that, for once in our lives — or twice, counting JFK’s Camelot — the whole country was riveted by the happenings in our unloved, except by us, hometown, not only as glumly unavoidable news but as must-see, where-the-action-is entertainment. Unbelievably, we were sexy; we had glamor. The whole world was suddenly talking about our white-chiseled ‘hood, and hey — Fuck you, New York! Up yours, Hollywood!
One of the Nixon White House’s tape recorders.Department of Justice. Watergate Special Prosecution Force. Office of the Deputy Special Prosecutor. National Archives
I didn’t realize how Sexy Beast we’d gotten in the rest of the nation’s eyes until my apolitical Aunt Carol came out from California for a visit during the summer of ’73. As we were driving down Virginia Avenue one day, my mom pointed out the actual Watergate hotel scalloping past us on the left, more or less as idly, as she’d have pointed out the Lincoln Memorial. Excitedly, my sweet aunt asked if we could stop in and watch the hearings.
She meant Senator Sam Ervin’s Watergate committee hearings, and that’s how I came to be quite close to where the literal action was that summer. Pulling the only string she had available, as she’d worked for the senator in question — and he was, we shall discreetly say, devoted to her — Mom had wangled a summer Senate internship for her then 17-year-old son before I scooted off to Princeton.
Seventeen, can you believe it? I was as high as a kite, and about as psychologically sturdy. But in a most un–Senate Office Building manner, the adults I passed in the halls seemed pretty damn cranked too. The actual legislators among them only turned piously solemn when they spotted a TV camera nearby.
Lord knows, the Capitol is eternally self-important. But this vibe was different. So help me, it was almost carnal, as if we were one smoking gun away from turning the joint into our improvised Plato’s Retreat.
Since my intern pass gave me the run of the premises — and frankly, because our invariably trivial tasks left us lots of downtime — I decided one day to amble from my senator’s office in the Old Senate Office Building to catch the Ervin Committee in flagrante. Fortuitously, it turned out to be the day John Dean testified, exposing the cover-up and putting Nixon’s presidency at real risk for the first time.
Right, right. History-in-the making, and all that. But I was way in the back of that big room and his voice was droning on near inaudibly. You-are-there frissons aside, I’d have been better off watching on TV, as Hunter S. Thompson once wrote. His book, Fear & Loathing on the Campaign Trail ’72, was my bus-commuting reading that summer.
Senator Packwood wishes the author well, half a century ago.Courtesy Tom Carson
Then there was July 13, 1973: the day Alexander Butterfield revealed the existence of the White House taping system. That was the beginning of Nixon’s endgame, even though he was to stick it out in his Oval Office bunker for just over another year. On I forget which trivial bit of business, I was walking down the basement tunnel that links the Capitol to the old SOB when I spotted a mysteriously familiar figure coming the other way. Damned if it wasn’t George McGovern, the self-same man whose 1972 presidential candidacy the Watergate plotters had done their best to first promote (he was seen as the Dems’ weakest contender) and then undermine.
As we drew abreast of each other, I couldn’t help myself. I started grinning like an idiot. He gave me back a smile as wide as Mount Rushmore. Neither of us had to say a word to understand each other, and that’s my favorite memory of those hazy, crazy Watergate summers: George beaming at me, me beaming at George, on the day we learned about the tapes and both of us knew Nixon was toast.
As it happens, my least favorite memory of that summer also features the Ervin committee in a cameo. After a hard day’s trivia — choosing form-letter answers to constituents’ correspondence, what a gas — I’d gone over to see my girlfriend in McLean, Virginia, and of course she’d been watching the hearings. Sitting on her bed, she had an announcement she couldn’t wait to make.
“I believe John Ehrlichman,” she told me proudly. No, smugly, and Christ, I should have broken up with her right then. I’d figured out long before that she was crazy, but she’d never told me she was a Republican. Besides, she never let me sleep with her, then or ever. The one mercilessly chosen 2 a.m. when she came close, I couldn’t get it up.
There it is: my botched “Summer of ’73” moment, the night before I scooted off to Princeton. Incidentally, she later got into S&M and then became a born-again Christian. Damn you, John Ehrlichman.
All the President’s Movies
I don’t mean Nixon’s own favorites, like Patton, which he famously watched over and over to nerve himself to invade Cambodia. If you’re curious, there’s an interesting book called Nixon At the Movies that analyzes the White House log of every last flick he had screened while in office, especially valuable for telling us which ones he watched at which points of his presidency. It’s practically the Netflix equivalent of an EKG.
I’m thinking instead of the many representations of Nixon over the decades in movies and TV. He’d probably hold the record for POTUSes depicted on film if it wasn’t for his inevitable usurper: John F. Kennedy, so appropriately it makes your head spin. For American actors, Nixon was and sometimes still is the native equivalent of deciding you’re finally ready to tackle King Lear. Or Shylock, Macbeth, Iago, or even Hamlet, since Nixon combined elements of all five.
Of the dramatizations of Watergate in its immediate aftermath, the prestige item, obviously — in which Nixon only plays himself on TV — was 1976’s All the President’s Men, starring Robert Redford and Dustin Hoffman as the Washington Post’s intrepid sleuths. Talk about glamor! I once spent an afternoon watching them do take after take of a wordless scene of Woodstein turning away from a townhouse in frustration. Trying to juice things up, Hoffman’s pantomimed annoyance kept getting hammier, to no avail. In the finished movie, all that hard work was reduced to a two-second snippet, and I wondered why I’d wasted an afternoon. I wondered why Dustin had, too.
What we ended up with was, of all things, an escapist movie about the McCarthy era.
All the President’s Men was a big hit, of course, and for the most part deservedly so. Yet few even noticed the movie’s great hat trick of selling the audience on a “political” thriller by leaving the politics out. There’s scarcely a glimpse, if that, of the era’s roiling antiwar protests, or any sense of the deep, decades-long animosity to Nixon nursed by the Capitol’s liberal elites — including the patent disdain for the man, plainly cultural as much as political, of WaPo editor Ben Bradlee as lionized by Jason Robards. You’d never guess from his high-toned guff about the Constitution that, when I chanced to visit the real Post’s editorial conference room some years later, the setting plate for the front page screaming NIXON RESIGNS was mounted on the wall like a hunting trophy.
Reducing my Nixxum to a merely postulated villain, the way the movie did, must have struck him — as it did me — as the ultimate insult. The added indignity was that this overdose of newspaper nobility came after years of the real Ben Bradlee suavely applying his Brahmin tongue to various Kennedy buttocks, not exactly his Watergate M.O. That must have left Nixon seething.
Sure, he deserved everything he got, and more. If not for Ford’s pardon of him, actual jail time might have loomed, and Nixon used to mope that a lot of great political writing had been done from prison. His peculiar prime example of such, as I recall, was Mahatma Gandhi, an incongruous pairing if ever there was one.
Again, until — cough — recently, no other president (or, cough-cough, former president) could outdo him as a maestro of self-pity. All the same, Nixon’s resentment at being the victim of a double standard wasn’t wholly misplaced.
At the time, however, All the President’s Men didn’t have any real competition from other Watergate-themed movies, at least not directly. Instead, we thrived on a vogue for paranoid — but fictional — political thrillers: The Parallax View, Redford again in Three Days of the Condor, and so on, which fed on Watergate-era suspicions and fears while cooking up wholly different conspiracies. For head-on, big-screen portrayals of Nixon, we had to wait two decades, for Oliver Stone’s Nixon, released a year after the real one died. We waited even longer than that for my beloved Dick, Ron Howard’s — Ron Howard’s? — Frost/Nixon (2008), and a not-yet-disgraced Kevin Spacey, in Elvis and Nixon (2016). (Spoiler alert: he doesn’t play Elvis.)
It was a different story on the small screen, where the then nascent miniseries format brought us dueling Nixons before decade’s end. The earliest was also the best: Washington: Behind Closed Doors, from 1977, with Jason Robards — him again! Nixon must have chewed nails — as scheming, deceitful President Richard “Monckton,” in a wickedly funny reprise of what we’d just lived through for real. A big part of its impudent thrill was that we could recognize who nearly all of these people were behind their gossamer disguises, from Robert Vaughn’s steely-eyed H.R. Haldeman to Harold Gould’s Kissinger.
For political junkies, the Ford and Jimmy Carter administrations were methadone at best and Ovaltine at worst, after Nixon’s daily dose of unadulterated heroin.
On top of that, not only did the Washington locations look a lot more authentically lived-in than in All the President’s Men, but the series was shot so soon after the actual events that its locutions — the clothes, the hairstyles, the attitudes — are blessedly spot-on, a virtue I appreciate more keenly the more time’s winged chariot does its thing. My youth, my one and only youth!
Much less successful was 1979’s Blind Ambition, based on ferrety John Dean’s Watergate memoir and starring a ludicrously miscast Rip Torn — the embodiment of goatish, bawdy lust — as our most sexually, if not humanly, repressed POTUS ever. When it came to asking ourselves “What’s wrong with this picture?” Torn was only outdone by veddy-British, plainly miserable Anthony Hopkins in Stone’s Nixon, proving to posterity’s affronted gaze that Nixon can only be played — that is, understood — by an American. Warts and not much else, he was one of us, as then New York Times op-ed columnist Tom Wicker wrote at the time. To vast consternation, may I add, but Wicker was right.
A partial corrective came in the form of the belated 1989 TV adaptation of Woodstein’s The Final Days. Just like everything else this side of Dolly Parton, it wasn’t as good as it could’ve been, except for Lane Smith’s superb Nixon: wounded, bitter, and oddly vulnerable, in what was clearly the part of a lifetime. Considering how unjustly forgotten Smith is today, he may be forgiven if he occasionally wished it had been the part of somebody else’s lifetime instead.
Nowadays, my increasingly geriatric colleagues and I sometimes bicker agreeably online about our favorite Nixons. As a rule, Smith and Hedaya get the highest marks, with some of us (okay, me) tossing in a vote for Cliff Robertson’s surly proto-Nixon in Gore Vidal’s 1964 The Best Man.
For obvious reasons, Torn and Hopkins barely rate a mention. Neither does John Cusack — whose Nixon in Lee Daniels’s The Butler was perfectly adequate, but too fleeting a performance to linger much in memory. Most of my peers relish Philip Baker Hall in 1984’s Secret Honor more than I do, but I also don’t like the movie much. Few of us were altogether happy with Frank Langella’s much-too-confident, much-too-virile Nixon in Frost/Nixon, even as Michael Sheen’s simpering David Frost left the original Frost looking like Aldo Ray.
Even so, we have an ulterior motive, one we’ll never admit. Pretending we’re only talking about actors and performances is our secret way of reminiscing about the good old days. Or glory days, as Springsteen might say.
Nostalgia?
Depoliticized or not, All the President’s Men was one of Redford’s two movies of the era that helped define the 1970s. Or half of that split-screen decade, anyway. The other half — the “Seventies” half — comes flooding back whenever I rewatch that gooey, gelded, but affecting lump of reverse-engineered sexual chemistry, The Way We Were. I saw that one with my crazy girlfriend too, in Georgetown’s long since defunct Key Theater.
Funnily enough, not unlike All the President’s Men — which, I know, it predated by two years, gumming up my timeline, but so what? — it’s also a movie on a “political” subject, in this case the Hollywood Red Scare of the 1950s, that mostly leaves the politics out in favor of peddling soothing star charisma. Probably to avoid confusing or even alienating 1973 moviegoers by requiring them to get a handle on yesteryear’s ideological intricacies, its key scene — the revelation that Barbra Streisand’s character is about to be named publicly as a Communist, threatening her screenwriter husband’s career and explaining their otherwise bewildering breakup — got left on the cutting-room floor, to Streisand’s dismay.
Of course, La Barbra’s idea of dismay is probably most people’s idea of banshee fury, but never mind. For the record, Redford wasn’t happy, either. Anyhow, what we ended up with was, of all things, an escapist movie about the McCarthy era — one that was suffused with nostalgia but never specified what we were supposed to feel nostalgic about.
Then again, generic (and romanticized) nostalgia has never been a bad recipe for box-office success. And back then, plenty of people were glad to be lulled into embracing Joe McCarthy’s menacing heyday as a happier, simpler time. The movie opened literally the day before the Saturday Night Massacre, so no wonder America flocked to it.
Exhibit from the Watergate hearings: The scene of the crime.U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.
Was it possible, the Crazy Girlfriend and I wondered before she didn’t sleep with me yet again, that we’d ever feel nostalgic about Richard Nixon? (She’d stopped believing John Ehrlichman by then. She was a Republican and nuts, not necessarily in that order, but nobody’s fool.) True, for political junkies, the Ford and Carter administrations were methadone at best and Ovaltine at worst, after Nixon’s daily dose of unadulterated heroin. This self-evident truth about my tribe’s strange idea of the pursuit of happiness was best expressed by a Doonesbury cartoon that had Megaphone Mark Slackmeyer bemoaning the lack of any news worth reporting, before crazily going into an all-caps recap of Watergate’s Greatest Hits. In the final panel, he mourns, ‘I miss him so.”
That set the pattern. Even if more sober news organizations knew they’d never have it so good — or so they thought, he added ominously — moving on was the nature of the game for them. If such a thing as nostalgia for Nixon existed, it was expressed in jokes: “Tanned, Rested and Ready” Nixon buttons in later presidential campaigns, Randy Cohen’s ultra-droll “When He Reemerges” fantasy in the New Yorker.
By the time Matt Groening introduced a disembodied Nixon as a talking head in a jar on Futurama, the gag was just another somewhat quaint boomer curio. Futurama had much more to do with Groening’s (and my) adolescence than any satiric tomorrow. After all, nobody really wanted him back, dead or alive. Or even babbling in a jar.
But then, decades after the fact, we got hit with an undeniable, unassailable, gobsmacked-and-then-some reason to start thinking of Watergate and Nixon as the good old days. Some months into Trump’s first (?) term, my smart niece, Julie, asked me if he was really worse than Nixon. Seizing my unexpected chance to quote Laurence Olivier in A Bridge Too Far, I told her, “Oh, yes. Much worse.”
True, Nixon was a crook. But he was also a shrewd and knowledgeable chief executive with moments of real statesmanship. He could be venal, but he didn’t openly make millions off the presidency while still in office. (Everybody cashes in afterward, the Obamas rather more flagrantly than many of us expected.) He catered to the same resentments and grievances that would later fuel MAGA — but in a dour way, not a crassly self-exhilarated one.
He was self-serving, but had enough vestigial patriot in him to decide against contesting the 1960 election results, even though his grounds for doing so would have been far more solid than Trump’s nonsensically fabricated ones. He did try to rig the ’72 election in his favor, but — talk about your silver linings — at least he did it before, and not after, election day. When it was time for him to go, he knew it. He didn’t summon an insurrectionist mob to keep him in office.
He wasn’t impeached even once, for Pete’s sake! Let alone twice. He was never an embarrassment to our country on the international stage, except maybe a little toward the end — you know, like when he declared, “It’s a great day for France,” while in Paris to attend Georges Pompidou’s funeral. Realpolitik induced him to accommodate any number of dictators without unease, but he didn’t lick their boots while hoping to emulate their thuggish example someday.
Oh, yes: much worse. Yet the contrast isn’t only between Trump and Nixon. It’s between today’s America and the way we were.
We had our share and then some of Birchers, Klu Kluxxers, and Nazis, among other deplorables. But they were loons, not the Republican Party’s mainstay. Nor did they have Fox News and a whole right-wing media ecosphere egging them on, or a whole flock of senators and congresspeople increasingly happy to flatter and legitimize them without bothering with dog whistles. Can anyone remember when there even was a “quiet part” that ostensibly mainstream politicians were expected not to say aloud?
Once the smoking-gun tape exposing the coverup went public, GOP support for Nixon cratered overnight. Only diehards and crazies still wanted him to hang in there. The Republican Establishment, still in unimaginably robust health back then, thought otherwise, and didn’t mince words. The Senate delegation that went to the White House to tell Nixon the jig was up included not only then minority leader Hugh Scott, but Mr. Conservative himself: Barry Goldwater.
Today, even Mitch McConnell, who loathes Trump unspeakably, and Nikki Haley, who doesn’t have the decency to loathe herself, have dutifully bent to kiss the ring. J.D. Vance, who once compared Trump to Hitler, is on the ticket as his veep. Little did we guess we’d end up saluting Liz Cheney — who went to my high school, by the way; small world — as the lonely conscience of the GOP.
Nixon did manage to semi-rehabilitate himself in the public’s mind in later life, but he and we both knew he was washed-up in politics. Despite never having been impeached, let alone indicted for any crime — thank you, Gerald Ford — he couldn’t have run for dogcatcher in a town without a dog. Today, with 34 plump felony convictions under his expansive belt, Trump was the odds-on favorite to be re-elected come November even before the assassination attempt we all witnessed three weeks ago turned him into the martyr/hero he’d previously only played on social media.
Trump has made it garishly clear that he agrees with Nixon’s once outlandish claim to David Frost: “If the president does it, that means it is not illegal.” Trump’s not-always-private version has always been “If Donald Trump does it, that means it is not illegal.”
But unlike Trump, Nixon didn’t have a supine Supreme Court ready to agree that, yup, outlaw presidents were now the law of the land. The Roberts court just did. Instead, Nixon’s SCOTUS smacked him down but good in an 8-0 ruling that included three justices Nixon himself had appointed. The fourth, William Rehnquist, recused himself, something we all know Clarence Thomas will never do.
Never bright, my hopes for Amy Coney Barrett are dimming, and forget Neil Gorsuch. Not to mention unconvicted would-be teenage rapist Brett Cavanaugh. If you wonder why I unhesitatingly believed Christine Blasey Ford, the answer’s simple. I grew up there.
I guess that just about wraps things up. (Whew.) But if you’ve persevered this far, you probably won’t be surprised to hear that my other favorite line from “Young Americans” is another rhetorical question. “We’ve lived for just these 20 years,” Bowie gasps. “Do we have to die for the 50 more?”
I do still google the Crazy Girlfriend’s name sometimes, just not as often as I used to. She’s now a law professor specializing in legal issues involving the mentally ill, and no, I’m not making that up. Nothing true about America is ever made up, and that’s because we know that all of it is.
As for me, I’ve resigned myself to knowing that my life hasn’t been the nonstop thrill ride I used to imagine it might be. If only Susan had let me sleep with her even once. But I did get to live through Watergate; David Bowie, too. And that is the only immortality you and I may share, my Nixxum. ❖
Tom Carson’s first piece in the Village Voice was a review of David Bowie’s Heroes, in late 1977. He is the author of two novels and has written about politics and pop culture for publications ranging from LA Weekly to the Atlantic Monthly, Esquire, and GQ. A two-time winner of the National Magazine Award for criticism, he lives with his cat in Louisville, Kentucky.
∼ ∼ ∼ This article is part of a series — At 250, Who Will America Be? — reporting on threats to American democracy as we approach the nation’s Semiquincentennial, on July 4, 2026. ∼ ∼ ∼
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