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Tag: Self directed

  • New to Canada and no pension: How to save for your retirement – MoneySense

    New to Canada and no pension: How to save for your retirement – MoneySense

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    The difficulties facing newcomers to Canada with respect to retirement planning are particularly acute. Given how Canada’s immigration points system works, economic immigrants are usually in their late 20s or early 30s—and they face unique challenges:

    1. Depleted savings: If you’re a 30-year-old newcomer, chances are you’ve used a large portion—if not all—of your savings to set up your new life in Canada. So, you’re behind in the retirement savings game. If retirement savings were a 100-metre race, lifelong Canadians have a 20- to 30-metre head start over newcomers.
    2. Lower income: If you’re a newcomer to Canada, you’ve probably had to restart your career a few rungs lower on the corporate ladder because of your lack of Canadian work experience. This means you’re not earning as much as others your age who have similar experience. Consequently, your ability to save for retirement is lower.
    3. Lack of knowledge: You need to understand Canada’s financial and tax systems to maximize its retirement planning opportunities, and gathering this knowledge takes time.
    4. Reduced contributions: Joining the Canadian workforce later in life than their Canadian-born peers, immigrants have fewer years to contribute to the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and build up registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) and tax-free savings account (TFSA) contribution room. For this reason, they rely on less tax-efficient unregistered savings and investment vehicles to sustain their retirements to a greater degree than their neighbours.

    But there’s good news. As Toronto-based financial advisor Jason Pereira points out, “Canada’s retirement system does not discriminate against newcomers. The rules are the same for everybody.” So, with the right knowledge and expertise, you can work towards building a strong retirement plan. 

    How to start retirement planning as an immigrant

    To plan for retirement, you need to know:

    • How much money will you need each month in retirement? The simplest method to estimate your income requirement in retirement is to consider it to be 70% to 80% of your current income. For example, if you earn $75,000 a year today, 70% of that is $52,500—that’s $4,375 per month—in today’s dollars. Alternatively, you could estimate the amount you’d need in retirement using this tool.
    • How much you’ll receive from government pension and aid payments: You need to estimate approximately how much you’ll get from the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and other government programs: Old Age Security (OAS) and the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS). The tool at this link will help you do so. Ayana Forward, an Ottawa-based financial planner, notes that “some home countries for newcomers have social-security agreements with Canada, which can help newcomers reach the eligibility requirements for OAS.”
    • How much you’ll receive from your employer-sponsored retirement plan: Workplaces without a defined benefit pension plan sometimes offer a registered investment account (usually a group RRSP), with contributions made by you and your employer or only your employer. If you have a group RRSP from your employer, what will its estimated future value be at the time of your retirement? You could use a compound interest calculator to find out.
    • How to make up for a shortfall: The CPP, OAS, GIS and your group RRSP likely won’t be enough to fund your retirement. You’ll need to make up for the shortfall through your personal investments or additional sources of income.

    Sample retirement cash flow for a 35-year-old (retirement age 65)

    This table illustrates the types of income you could have in retirement. The amounts used in the table are hypothetical estimates. (To estimate your retirement income, try the various tools linked to above.)

    Amount (today’s value) Amount (inflation adjusted)
    A Amount needed $52,500 $127,400
    B Government pension and aid payouts
    (CPP, OAS, GIS)    		 $22,000 $53,400
    C Employer-sponsored pension plan
    (group RRSP)    		 $8,000 $19,400
    D B + C $30,000 $72,800
    E Shortfall (A – D) $22,500 $54,600
    F Needed value of investments in the year of retirement (E divided by 4%, based on the 4% rule) $562,500 $1,365,000
    G Needed flat/constant monthly investment amount from now to retirement $969

    In the example above, the person faces an annual shortfall of $22,500. In other words, this person needs to generate an additional $22,500 per year to meet their retirement income needs, after accounting for the typical government pension or aid payouts and their employer-sponsored retirement plan. To do this, they’d need to invest about $969 per month, assuming an 8% annual rate of return from now to retirement 30 years later. How could they fill this gap and meet their shortfall? Enter self-directed investments, real estate and small-business income.

    Build your own retirement portfolio

    An obvious and tax-efficient way to cover your retirement income shortfall is to build your own investment portfolio from which to draw income in your retirement years. These investments can be held in registered or non-registered accounts. Registered accounts, such as the TFSA and RRSP, offer useful tax advantages—such as a tax deduction and/or tax-free or tax-sheltered gains, depending on the account—but the amount you can contribute to these accounts is limited. Non-registered accounts have no contribution limits but offer no tax advantages. 

    Newcomers often have lower TFSA and RRSP contribution room compared to their peers because they’ve lived and worked in Canada for a shorter period. “TFSA contribution room starts accruing the year of becoming a resident of Canada,” Forward explains. “RRSP contribution room is based on earned income in the previous year.”

    Your TFSA and RRSP contribution room information is available on your Notice of Assessment from the Canada Revenue Agency, which you’ll receive after you file your tax return. To check your TFSA limit, you can also use a TFSA contribution room calculator.

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    Aditya Nain

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  • What happens when you can’t manage your investments anymore? – MoneySense

    What happens when you can’t manage your investments anymore? – MoneySense

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    I try to picture 84-year-old me being told by my kids that it is time to hire a financial planner. I may not be so keen myself when the time comes. Maybe I should bookmark this column.

    I took over the management of my mother’s finances toward the end of her life. She seemed reluctant, but she knew it was time. I think she still saw me as her little boy even though thousands of clients and readers looked to me for advice that she was hesitant to take.

    Managing your own investments to save on fees

    If you expect to pay $35,000 a year on fees to invest in mutual funds, Laasya, I am speculating here, but you probably have somewhere between $1.5 million and $2 million of investments. Mutual fund management expense ratios (MERs) are embedded fees that are paid from the fund’s returns each year. They are about 2% on average but can range from under 0.5% for low-cost, passive index funds to 3% or more for segregated funds from insurance companies.

    If you have $1 million or more to invest, there are discretionary portfolio managers who use stocks and bonds or proprietary pooled funds who may charge 1% or less of your portfolio value. (Discretionary means the portfolio manager makes buy and sell decisions on your behalf.)

    You could certainly invest in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and now there are plenty of simple asset-allocation ETFs (also known as all-in-one ETFs) that can be a one-stop shop for investors. Fees are in the 0.25% range.

    Why self-directed investing may not be the answer

    The problem with buying an ETF, Laasya, is that your kids are concerned about you investing on your own. And if they wanted to be self-directed investors, they probably would have offered to help you manage your investments. They did not. So, if you pull your investments to manage them yourself again, you may be putting your kids in an uncomfortable position, as they may potentially have to become DIY investors at some point if you’re unable to manage your own investments.

    Self-directed investing may seem easy to people who are comfortable doing it. But I remain convinced that some people will never be able to manage their own investments, no matter how simple it becomes.

    Have you considered a robo-advisor?

    I often joke with my wife that I am very good at a short list of things in the financial planning realm, but not much else. There are plenty of things that I could probably learn to do around my house or in other aspects of life that I have no interest in learning. I would rather pay an expert.

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    Jason Heath, CFP

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  • What Canadian investors can do in times of world crisis and war – MoneySense

    What Canadian investors can do in times of world crisis and war – MoneySense

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    Emotions in investing

    The humanitarian crises taking lives and garnering headlines are heart-wrenching—particularly for Canadians who have family and friends in the affected regions. More broadly, no one knows for sure how these crises will affect global economies, access to resources and financial markets. It’s understandable that investors are scared and making investment decisions based on their fear. Some people are selling their equities and leaving the markets. As an advisor, it’s my job to help take the emotion out of investing.

    We know from previous wars, terrorist attacks, pandemics and other terrible events that people, governments and markets are resilient, and can even become stronger than they were before. This happened after 9/11, the global financial crisis and the global COVID-19 pandemic. The historical evidence suggests that the best thing investors can do when the world experiences a crisis is to separate feelings about the tragedy from the facts about the businesses you’re invested in and look for buying opportunities. 

    Impact of global crises on investments

    The impact of wars and other traumatic events on the markets tend to be relatively short-lived. That’s because unlike fiscal policy—such as raising interest rates—the events themselves are not “economic” in nature.

    For example, if war breaks out in an oil-producing country, will that affect the price of oil? Theoretically, it shouldn’t, because other, larger producers can offset any lost supply from the war-torn country.

    But, as we know, perception can be more powerful than reality when it comes to the stock market. The initial, automatic reaction could be a spike in oil prices—and then prices should adjust with time.

    What is a Canadian investor to do?

    So, what do you do as an investor in Canada? Not an awful lot. As investment advisors, we get paid to grow people’s wealth. When markets sell off for reasons that are more temporary than related to economics and performance, it’s important to take emotion out of decision-making and not go into panic mode about your investments.

    Markets may dip, but they don’t usually collapse. It’s possible your portfolio’s value may drop for a period of time. In the past, after a crisis has ended—and regardless of the outcome—the markets have regained stability, and investment returns have bounced back.

    A crisis investment strategy

    My best advice in the face of a world crisis: Stay calm, take a deep breath and focus on the fundamentals. Keep your risk profile front and centre, and think about where you want to put your money. My approach is to be sector agnostic and look for good value wherever I can find it.

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    Allan Small

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