The Maryland House voted on Tuesday to override a veto imposed by Democratic Governor Wes Moore and to set up a commission to consider reparations for slavery.
Why It Matters
Maryland could follow in the footsteps of several other cities and states in the U.S. that have sought to address their legacy of slavery and discrimination.
But proposals for programs that would benefit descendants of slaves at large are sensitive, especially at a time when the administration of President Donald Trump has been dismantling diversity, equity and inclusion programs across the federal government.
What To Know
Moore, Maryland’s first Black governor, had vetoed the bill to set up the commission in May, saying there had been enough study on the legacy of slavery and it was time to “focus on the work itself” to address it.
However, state Democratic legislators, who control both chambers of the legislature, decided that a commission was needed to examine reparations.
“This topic isn’t easy, but, again, without formal study, reparations risk being dismissed as symbolic or unconstitutional, regardless of moral merit,” State Senator Charles Sydnor said.
The legislation passed on Tuesday calls for the Maryland Reparations Commission to “study and make recommendations relating to appropriate benefits to be made to individuals whose ancestors were enslaved in the State or were impacted by certain inequitable government policies.”
According to the legislation, the types of benefits appropriate for reparations could include: statements of apology; monetary compensation; property tax rebates; social service assistance; licensing and permit fee waivers and reimbursement; down payment assistance for the purchase of residential real property; business incentives; child care; debt forgiveness and higher education tuition payment waivers and reimbursement.
Moore, the nation’s only Black governor, said that while he disagrees with the legislature’s decision, he is “eager to move forward in partnership on the work of repair that we all agree is an urgent and pressing need.”
“I believe the time for action is now – and we must continue moving forward with the work of repair immediately,” Moore said in a statement. “That mission is especially vital given the immediate and ongoing effects of this federal administration on our constituents, including communities that have been historically left behind.”
What People are Saying
Maryland’s Legislative Black Caucus, in a statement: “At a time of growing attacks on diversity and equity, today’s action reaffirms our shared commitment to truth-telling, accountability, and meaningful progress for Black Marylanders.”
What Happens Next
The legislation requires the commission to submit a preliminary report by January 1, 2027, and a final report of its findings and recommendations by November 1 of that year.
This article uses reporting by the Associated Press.
California Governor Gavin Newsom has vetoed a bill aimed at allowing universities to give the descendants of slaves special consideration in admissions, saying it was unnecessary as colleges already have the authority to do that.
Why It Matters
The veto will be seen as a setback on the issue of reparations, or efforts to atone for a legacy of slavery and discrimination, and it comes as the administration of President Donald Trump has taken steps to end diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) efforts in both the public and private sectors.
The Trump administration has also launched an unprecedented campaign to extract financial commitments and policy concessions from some of America’s top universities, freezing billions in federal research funding over allegations of antisemitism, DEI violations and civil rights infractions.
What To Know
The Postsecondary Education: Admissions Preference: Descendants of Slavery Bill was put forward by Democratic assemblymember Isaac Bryan and would have allowed but not required institutions to give preference to descendants of slavery.
Newsom said in a statement that the bill sought to clarify that California’s educational institutions may consider providing a preference in admission to an applicant who was a descendant of a slave, which was not needed.
“These institutions already have the authority to determine whether to provide admissions preferences like this one, and accordingly, this bill is unnecessary,” he said.
Newsom said he encouraged educational institutions to “review and determine how, when, and if this type of preference can be adopted.”
The bill was among several aimed at advancing the cause of reparations that Newsom vetoed on Monday. Others included one focused on access to housing, one on restitution for property wrongfully taken, and another on business licenses.
Newsom said the vetoed bills were either unworkable or legally questionable or would strain state resources.
The author of the college admissions bill, Bryan, said in a statement the veto was “more than disappointing,” and students descended from slavery needed help.
But critics said the bill would have violated Proposition 209, which was passed in 1996 and prohibits the state’s public universities from considering ethnicity in admissions, and a 2023 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court against race-based affirmative action.
What People Are Saying
Democratic Assemblymember IsaacBryan said in a statement: “While the Trump administration threatens our institutions of higher learning and attacks the foundations of diversity and inclusivity, now is not the time to shy away from the fight to protect students who have descended from legacies of harm and exclusion.”
Lawmakers in California – a free state that never had slaves – have introduced a comprehensive slavery reparations package, a series of bills that mark a first-in-the-nation attempt to turn the concept into law.
The legislative package includes measures such as restoring property taken through eminent domain and providing state funding for specific groups. It tackles a wide range of issues, from criminal justice reforms to housing segregation.
Noticeably absent is any kind of cash payments for descendants of slavery.
Assemblymember Lori Wilson, chair of the Legislative Black Caucus, downplayed the significance of the lack of direct funding.
“While many only associate direct cash payments with reparations, the true meaning of the word, to repair, involves much more,” she said in a statement. “We need a comprehensive approach to dismantling the legacy of slavery and systemic racism.”
Slavery was abolished in 1865 and no person living today has ever suffered under its terrible legacy.
Why The California Reparations Package Doesn’t Provide Cash Payments
Make no mistake, this reparations package doesn’t include cash payments because the left-wing cesspool of California can’t afford it.
The state is currently facing a $68 billion budget deficit.
Even knowing that, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors last March expressed “unanimous” support for a race-based reparations plan that included $5 million payments for every eligible black resident.
They also wanted a guaranteed annual income of $97,000 for 250 years and homes “for just $1 a family.”
In San Francisco, a reparations proposal to give $5 million to every eligible Black person appears to be gaining support
“It is time for you to do the right and provide us with the reparations: make us whole,” one resident told the city’s board of supervisors. pic.twitter.com/ydBtXUNQMS
Even the state task force advised that each of the roughly 2.5 million members of the black population receive approximately $277,000 each – a total price tag of about $34 billion.
This legislative package didn’t include those things. But there is a provision that would give some monetary relief.
The package states a goal to: “Restore property taken during raced-based uses of eminent domain to its original owners or provide another effective remedy where appropriate, such as restitution or compensation.”
Some advocates of the racist reparations concept – which is designed to buy votes – weren’t happy.
Pure craziness. This is NOT reparations for slavery and the theft of wealth that happened to #ados Black Americans. PERIOD. #ab3121 California introduces first-in-nation. slavery reparations package The set of bills notably excludes direct cash payments. https://t.co/z0HYzph1ad
The other reason this California reparations package might not have included cash payments is because the vast majority of Americans oppose it and recognize it as an unaffordable pipe dream.
Even Democrats.
Governor Gavin Newsom, who would do anything for a tub of Brycreem let alone votes, refused to publicly support payments recommended by a California task force.
“Dealing with legacy is about much more than cash payments,” he said.
Someone needs to mix Gavin Newsom in with the Scott’s tots “The Office” episode. Newsom spent years on this California reparations study, his committee recommends millions for each black family, & now Newsom comes out & says payments isn’t the right move. Michael Scott-esque.
Except, no matter what they’re saying publicly, the people behind the reparations push are not concerned about legacy first and foremost. They’re concerned about money.
Polling shows that three-quarters or more of white adults oppose reparations, as do a majority of Latinos and Asian Americans. Even in deep blue California voters overwhelmingly object to the idea of cash payments to make up for slavery.
There is no more nakedly racist legislation than a call for reparations based on skin color and a faux notion that anybody in America today has ever suffered from slavery.
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The legislation will recommend reparations to repair the ongoing impacts and lingering effects of segregation.
Advocates say prior to the Revolutionary War there were more enslaved Africans in New York City than in other city, except for Charleston, South Carolina. The population of enslaved Africans accounted for 20% of New York’s population.
“Let’s be clear about what reparations means. It doesn’t mean fixing the past, undoing what happened. We can’t do that. No one can. But it does mean more than giving people a simple apology 150 years later. This bill makes it possible to have a conversation, a reasoned debate about what we want the future to look like. And I can think of nothing more democratic than that,” Hochul said.
The commission, which will operate for one year, will be made up of nine members who are experts in African or American studies, civil rights, human rights, and criminal justice.
Imaginewakingup to find men in hazmat suits on rooftops and station wagons in your neighborhood, spraying an unknown chemical into your front yard. While this sounds like the plot of a horror movie, it’s the very real recollection of former residents of a St. Louis housing complex. These residents are seeking reparative compensation after reports found that the U.S. government secretly tested a potentially carcinogenic chemical in their community over 60 years ago.
An ongoing investigation by The Missouri Independent, The Associated Press and independent media outlet MuckRock has uncovered substantial evidence indicating that during the rush to create the atomic bomb, the government and private companies covertly tested and dumped nuclear waste in neighborhoods of St. Louis near a Uranium processing plant.
Hundreds of pages of internal memos recently analyzed by the AP revealed “inspection reports and other items dating to the early 1950s, [that] found nonchalance and indifference to the risks of materials used in the development of nuclear weapons during and after World War II.” A book published in 2017 found evidence that pregnant women and school-age children were also subject to secret radiation testing during this time.
One affected area was a predominantly Black public housing complex called Pruitt-Igoe Housing. Throughout the 1950s and ’60s, when the Army was conducting various secret tests related to the creation of the atomic bomb, residents thought the zinc cadmium sulfide sprayed into their community was mist or smoke from chimneys.
Now, former Pruitt-Igoe residents are now mobilizing with members of other disenfranchised communities impacted by radiation testing during the Cold War who have not received support from the government.
Zinc cadmium sulfide was also reportedly tested in at least three dozen other communities throughout St. Louis, which the army referenced as “densely populated slums,” shedding light on the socioeconomic makeup of areas selected for testing. We can all agree that this phrasing reflects the age-old American tradition of deeming Black lives disposable.
The residents, specifically, are demanding the government expand the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, a reparative justice measure aimed at compensating those exposed to radiation during the creation of the atomic bomb. The Act is meant to facilitate health insurance and financial resources to individuals who develop certain illnesses and cancers who lived and worked downwind of testing sites. These regions include parts of Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Wyoming, South Dakota, Washington, Utah, Idaho, North Dakota, Oregon and Texas. Areas such as St. Louis, where residents were also exposed to radiation and other chemicals, are not included.
What’s happening in St. Louis right now is particularly fraught because of the current conversation around both climate justice and reparations for Black Americans. Denying people of resources they are owed because of a traumatizing and dangerous event at the helm of the government should be deemed criminal. Injustices such as the contamination of Pruitt-Igoe prove that Black Americans historically bear the brunt of the U.S.’s violence toward humans and the environment and deserve reprieve.
The fact that what happened in St. Louis slid under the radar for so long is evidence that not enough is done to track how Black and Brown communities experience environmental racism. The truth is, the longer it takes to repair our most vulnerable communities, the further we stray from a healthier future for everyone.
We look at how the state of California is taking a step towards reparations for descendants of enslaved people. Then in Wyoming, we visit the more than 100-year-old family-owned resort, Dornans, inside the Grand Teton National Park. Watch these stories and more on “Eye on America” with host Michelle Miller.
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It is now up to California lawmakers to consider more than 100 recommendations from a state task force on reparations to Black residents. Elise Preston spoke to some residents about what the proposals could mean.
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A group of scholars and lawmakers in California just voted to advance a plan to offer reparations to descendants of enslaved people in the state. Coming at the end of a two-year-process, the momentous proposal is the first state-level attempt to grapple with the lingering effects of slavery and racist laws. It also comes with a price tag of billions of dollars and potential payouts of $1.2 million for older residents, according to some media calculations.
But the process is just beginning. California’s task force must now hand over its findings to lawmakers, who will be charged with turning the recommendations into a bill. Here’s what else to know about this weekend’s decision.
What does the reparations proposal actually say?
The reparations task recommended that the state make a formal apology for its role in perpetuating slavery and its racially discriminatory laws. Topics for the apology include censure of the state’s first governor, Peter Burnett, who was an “avid white supremacist”; the state’s enforcement of the federal fugitive slave law; the state’s delay in ratifying of the 14th and 15th Amendments, which formally ended slavery, and its prohibition against interracial marriage, according to the report.
The task force also made a series of sweeping proposals relating to reparations, including:
Create a new agency to implement any reparations laws stemming from the report
Abolish the death penalty
Pay fair market value for jail and prison labor
Prevent private prisons from contracting with the state
Make public colleges and universities in the state free for anyone eligible for reparations
Make Election Day a paid state holiday
Fund wellness centers in African American communities
Restore voting rights to people convicted of crimes
Adopt a universal health insurance system in the state
The task force also approved several possible calculations for establishing financial harm caused to descendants of enslaved or free Black Americans, detailed below.
Who would qualify for reparations?
People who are descendants of enslaved people or free Black people who were in the U.S. before 1900 would qualify for reparations in this proposal.
The task force “voted to recommend that only those individuals who are able to demonstrate that they are the descendant of either an individual enslaved in the United States, or an individual who was present in the United States prior to 1900 be eligible for monetary reparations,” the report reads.
The task force decided on eligibility in March 2022 in a contentious 5-4 vote. Some members of the panel suggested making reparations universal to all 2.6 million Black residents of the state, arguing that the legacy of slavery, state-sanctioned racism and terror harm all Black people, including those who immigrated more recently. They also note that tracing one’s lineage to an enslaved person would be difficult as individuals enslaved were deprived of documentation and frequently forced to move around.
Advocates for a descent-based reparations system, who prevailed in the vote, argued that this framework would have the best chance of surviving legal challenges before the current conservative Supreme Court, which has been rolling back race-based laws and policies.
A race-based plan could invite “hyper-aggressive challenges that could have very negative implications for other states looking to do something similar, or even for the federal government,” task force chair Kamilah Moore said last year.
How much would reparations cost?
The report does not offer an overall economic figure for reparations. Rather, it gives several calculations as examples of how economic damages from slavery and discrimination can be documented, noting that the estimates are preliminary.
For instance, an eligible resident of the state could receive about $13,600 per year to account for the shorter life span of Black Americans that results from disparate health impacts; $2,400 per year to account for disparate policing (unless that year was 2020, in which case the figure jumps to $115,300); $3,400 per year for housing discrimination and a lump sum of $77,000 for the devaluation of business, the report notes. (The task force said it didn’t have enough data to calculate harms from property confiscation.)
The task force names five categories of harm affecting African-Americans: Health harms, mass incarceration and disproportionate policing of African Americans, housing discrimination, confiscation of property and devaluation of African-American businesses.
Under this rubric, the cost of reparations could go into the hundreds of billions of dollars, while lifetime residents of the state could be eligible for over a million each. CalMatters reports that an eligible 71-year-old “who has lived in California all their life could be owed about $1.2 million.” A 19-year-old who moved to the state five years ago would be owed about $150,000, according to the outlet.
The task force makes clear the figures are just a starting point, calling the number “a very cautious initial assessment,” and said that more research “would be required to augment these initial estimates.”
How likely is the proposal to be adopted?
The reparations report is not yet a law, but rather a series of recommendations that now go to lawmakers for their consideration. “Any reparations program will need to be enacted by the legislature and approved by the Governor,” the CalMatters website says.
Many of the proposals are likely to spark heated debate.
“There’s no way in the world that many of these recommendations are going to get through because of the inflationary impact,” Roy L. Brooks, a professor and reparations scholar at the University of San Diego School of Law, told the Associated Press. Other observers note that the prospect of a recession and California’s looming budget deficit could dampen enthusiasm for reparations.
The task force is scheduled to meet one last time, on June 30, to formally accept the report and hand it off to legislators.
Two Democratic lawmakers on the task force, Sen. Steven Bradford and Assemblyman Reginald Jones-Sawyer, are expected to lead efforts to make the recommendations law, the Los Angeles Times reports.
At the federal level, a bill to study the effects of slavery and the possibility of reparations has stalled. Rep. Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, has called for states and the federal government to pass the legislation, saying, “Reparations are not only morally justifiable, but they have the potential to address long-standing racial disparities and inequalities.”
Several localities have attempted their own reparations-styled programs, with mixed results. San Francisco’s board of supervisors is considering a proposal to give financial reparations to the city’s Black residents, including a $5-million-per-person lump-sum payment. In 2021, the Chicago suburb of Evanston created a program offering $25,000 for homeownership or home repair to eligible Black households, selected via lottery.
London — Descendants of some of Britain’s wealthiest slaveowners are calling on the U.K. government to publicly apologize and atone for the country’s historical links to slavery. Several British families are leading the campaign as part of a group called “The Heirs of Slavery,” which is working to shine a light on this country’s deep involvement in the slave trade.
One of the group’s founders is a second cousin of King Charles III, but the royal family itself — the monarch’s own siblings and offspring — are not directly involved in the effort.
CBS News met the Earl of Harewood, the British aristocrat who is the king’s second cousin, at his ancestral home, Harewood House. The palatial estate, now open to the public for tours, was built entirely on the profits of the transatlantic slave trade.
“I’m ashamed that, you know, people behaved in that way, that my ancestors behaved in that way,” Harewood told CBS News. “We’re accountable for that legacy today.”
Harewood House is full of art that depicts the earl’s aristocratic forebears who grew rich by owning sugar plantations in Jamaica and Barbados that exploited the labor of trafficked Africans.
The Earl of Harewood, a British aristocrat who is King Charles III’s second cousin, shows CBS News correspondent Holly Williams around his ancestral home, Harewood House, near the northern English city of Leeds.
CBS News
When Britain finally outlawed slavery in its colonies in 1834, like other slave owners, Harewood’s ancestors were compensated by the U.K. government, to the tune of around $3 million in today’s money.
“The slaves who were freed received nothing,” Harewood noted.
He has helped to launch the campaign calling for families like his own, that benefited from slavery, to come clean and use their wealth to benefit the descendants of those who were trafficked. He calls it reparative justice.
“It’s something that people have been very much in denial about — swept it under the carpet, pretended it hadn’t happened,” he told CBS News. He said he couldn’t fully understand the denial by other families, but assumed it likely stems from a sense of guilt or shame.
Joe Williams is a descendent of British-owned slaves in Jamaica who now leads historical tours exposing how the U.K. profited from slavery. He told CBS News that while it would be impossible for contemporary Britons to truly compensate for the “dehumanization” inflicted on Africans stolen from their homeland hundreds of years ago, it was important for the descendants of both slaves and slaveowners and traders to “work together toward doing what we can.”
British slave traders trafficked nearly 3.5 million Africans to the Americas, but Williams said many Brits today think and talk about slavery as something that happened in America, not the U.K.
“I can say, hand on heart, that there are legacies of the transatlantic trade which hold me and many people back from being seen as — in some cases — as human beings,” he said. The problem, he believes, is rooted in education, or a lack thereof.
Britain’s royal family undoubtedly has historical links to slavery itself. Historians say it’s impossible to calculate exactly how much wealth the monarchy generated from human trafficking, but some previous kings and queens were directly involved.
Buckingham Palace announced only this month that it was cooperating with an independent investigation into the monarchy’s connections to slavery. King Charles and his son and heir Prince William have both expressed sadness about those links, including William telling people on a visit to Jamaica last year that, “the appalling atrocity of slavery forever stains our history.”
Protesters gather outside an office of the British government to demand that the United Kingdom pay reparations for centuries of slavery, in advance of a visit by Prince William and Catherine, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, in Kingston, Jamaica March 22, 2022.
The official visit to Jamaica by William and his wife Katherine, Princess of Wales, drew demonstrations by people demanding not only an apology, but reparations. The trip was marred not only by the protests, but by images of the royal couple greeting well-wishers through a chain-link fence, which critics said looked like a throwback to the days of colonialism.
Prince William and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, shake hands with children during a visit to Trench Town, the birthplace of reggae music, on day four of the Platinum Jubilee Royal Tour of the Caribbean in Kingston, Jamaica, March 22, 2022.
Chris Jackson/Pool/REUTERS
The Earl of Harewood is a great-grandson of King George V, who reigned over Britain until his death in 1936, and a second cousin of King Charles III, who is set to be formally crowned in just a couple weeks.
CBS News asked Harewood if he believed his relatives in Buckingham Place should be leading the charge to acknowledge and take full ownership of their collective past.
“You can never do enough,” he said, “and it’s not something that’s ever going to go away.”
Joe Williams said if he could speak with King Charles, he’d make the point that Britain, and its royal family, were already off to a late start almost two centuries after slavery was banned across the kingdom’s vast, formal empire.
“So, I think we need some spearheading to get us ahead of where we should be, rather than behind,” he told CBS News.
Williams and the Earl of Harewood have already worked together on projects to educate the British public about the country’s historical involvement in slavery.
And in the ornate halls of Harewood House, the earl has started adding to his impressive art collection, commissioning new portraits of black British community leaders to hang beside his ancestors.
In his record-breaking book “Spare,” Prince Harry addresses his family’s historical connection to slavery, acknowledging that the monarchy rests upon wealth generated by “exploited workers and thuggery, annexation and enslaved people.” Holly Williams reports that while members of the British royal family have expressed sorrow about their links to slavery, there has never been an official apology, and activists like Esther Stanford-Xosei are actively calling for reparations.
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SAN FRANCISCO, September 22, 2022 (Newswire.com)
– A Fillmore-based community empowerment organization has partnered with a private investigator to help the City of San Francisco make contact with 10,000 people displaced from their homes. These displacements were the result of the federally-funded urban renewal program administered by the former San Francisco Redevelopment Agency in the predominantly African American neighborhoods in the Western Addition and Hunters Point areas in the 1960s and 1970s.
In 1967, the Certificate of Preference Program (“the Certificate Program”) was created to give a housing preference to low- and moderate-income persons who were displaced by urban renewal programs in San Francisco, and this housing preference was made law in the State of California in 1969. In the decades that followed, however, the rebuilding of affordable housing in San Francisco was not adequate to provide new homes for many of the displaced persons. To address these inadequacies, the Certificate Program was subsequently extended and expanded to include City-funded affordable housing programs. The building of affordable housing continues today, and, in September 2021, Governor Newsom expanded the preference to include the descendants of the displaced persons, with Assembly Bill No. 1584.
The Office of Community Investment and Infrastructure (“OCII”), the successor to the Redevelopment Agency, and its Commission, have launched a renewed effort to locate and contact these displaced people, so that they and their descendants may receive a preference in lotteries when applying for affordable rental and homeownership housing units in San Francisco.
New Community Leadership Foundation (“NCLF”) is a non-profit organization that works to transform and empower Black and other disenfranchised communities in San Francisco. Lynx Insights & Investigations, Inc. (“Lynx”) is a private investigations firm with offices in San Francisco and Los Angeles. NCLF and Lynx were awarded the contract to locate and contact these displaced people by the OCII in competitive bidding. NCLF and Lynx have developed a community-driven, culturally competent, restorative and technologically innovative approach to finding these 10,000 displaced people.
NCLF and Lynx will train and equip a team of individuals with ties to the impacted communities in San Francisco to conduct investigations and outreach, using contact information obtained from database searches. Over an approximately four-month period, this collaborative investigative team will make contact with the surviving displaced people, confirm their current contact information and notify displaced persons that their descendants could qualify for a preference.
This participatory investigation model allows community members and community-based organizations with deep roots, relationships, and historical knowledge in the Western Addition and Hunters Point neighborhoods to play a critical role in locating people who were displaced from these communities. It will also allow community members to develop new skills in investigative techniques and data management.
About New Community Leadership Foundation: NCLF was established in the historic Fillmore neighborhood of San Francisco in 2015, and has made significant contributions to empower and uplift residents of Black and other disenfranchised neighborhoods across San Francisco, California. Through programs encompassing cultural upliftment, historic preservation, economic development, civic engagement, artistic empowerment, equity advancement, and much more, NCLF works to empower San Francisco’s Black community while uniting with all of our city’s stakeholders and decision makers to work collaboratively toward bold initiatives for economic and racial justice. One relevant initiative occurred in November 2018, when NCLF organized the first public event in San Francisco history to recognize the tragic loss of over 900 people who were members of the People’s Temple and died in Jonestown, Guyana, on Nov. 18, 1978 – many of them former residents of historic Fillmore.
About Lynx Insights & Investigations, Inc.: Lynx is an innovative private investigations firm that was founded in San Francisco in 2010. Lynx’s investigative practice combines sophisticated public records research capabilities, cutting-edge online research and cyber techniques, and a unique track record of obtaining key facts from witness interviews and field investigations. Lynx conducts its investigations in an ethical and defensible manner so that organizations and communities can take informed and reparative steps forward. The Lynx principals combined have over 40 years of experience with providing complex fact-finding and investigative services to companies, government agencies, non-profit organizations and schools, and decades of experience with training in investigative techniques and processes, including seminars for law firms, corporations and non-profits.
