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Tag: quantum

  • IBM announces Nighthawk and Loon quantum chips

    IBM has introduced two different quantum chips that it believes could help demonstrate “quantum advantage,” or the ability for a quantum computer to solve a problem faster than a classical computer, by the end of 2026. The new chips, Nighthawk and Loon, should help do that by taking different approaches to connecting qubits in a quantum computer, producing fewer errors and supporting more complex computations.

    Of the two new chips, IBM Quantum Nighthawk is the one the company believes it can iterate on to produce quantum advantage. By the end of 2025, the version of Nighthawk IBM will provide to its partners will have “120 qubits linked together with 218 next-generation tunable couplers” arranged in a square lattice to connect with their neighbors. IBM claims this will allow Nighthawk to “execute circuits with 30 percent more complexity” while maintaining lower error rates. It’ll also let it handle more demanding computational problems “that require up to 5,000 two-qubit gates,” the company says.

    The IBM Quantum Loon chip. (IBM)

    IBM Quantum Loon is the more experimental of the two chips, connecting qubits not just horizontally on the chip, but vertically, too, New Scientist writes. Whichever chip proves to be more useful, the added connectivity options allows for fewer errors and more complex computations, which could lead to new real-world applications for quantum computers.

    To pair with its new chips, IBM says it’s also contributing to a new community-led quantum advantage tracker backed by Algorithmiq, researchers from the Flatiron Institute and BlueQubit. The tracker “supports three experiments for quantum advantage across observable estimation, variational problems, and problems with efficient classical verification,” IBM says, and the company has invited the wider research community to contribute to it.

    As New Scientist notes, IBM’s approach is different from competitors like Google because it’s focused on connecting qubits together in smaller groups. Google introduced its Willow chip in 2024 as being theoretically capable of demonstrating quantum advantage. A year later in 2025, the company announced its “Quantum Echoes” algorithm for Willow, “the first-ever verifiable quantum advantage running the out-of-order time correlator (OTOC) algorithm.”

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  • The ‘10 Martini’ Proof Connects Quantum Mechanics With Infinitely Intricate Mathematical Structures

    But in some ways, the proof was a bit unsatisfying. Jitomirskaya and Avila had used a method that only applied to certain irrational values of alpha. By combining it with an intermediate proof that came before it, they could say the problem was solved. But this combined proof wasn’t elegant. It was a patchwork quilt, each square stitched out of distinct arguments.

    Moreover, the proofs only settled the conjecture as it was originally stated, which involved making simplifying assumptions about the electron’s environment. More realistic situations are messier: Atoms in a solid are arranged in more complicated patterns, and magnetic fields aren’t quite constant. “You’ve verified it for this one model, but what does that have to do with reality?” said Simon Becker, a mathematician at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.

    These more realistic situations require you to tweak the part of the Schrödinger equation where alpha appears. And when you do, the 10-martini proof stops working. “This was always disturbing to me,” Jitomirskaya said.

    The breakdown of the proof in these broader contexts also implied that the beautiful fractal patterns that had emerged—the Cantor sets, the Hofstadter butterfly—were nothing more than a mathematical curiosity, something that would disappear once the equation was made more realistic.

    Avila and Jitomirskaya moved on to other problems. Even Hofstadter had doubts. If an experiment ever saw his butterfly, he’d written in Gödel, Escher, Bach, “I would be the most surprised person in the world.”

    But in 2013, a group of physicists at Columbia University captured his butterfly in a lab. They placed two thin layers of graphene in a magnetic field, then measured the energy levels of the graphene’s electrons. The quantum fractal emerged in all its glory. “Suddenly it went from a figment of the mathematician’s imagination to something practical,” Jitomirskaya said. “It became very unsettling.”

    Lyndie Chiou, Joseph Howlett

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  • The New Math of Quantum Cryptography

    The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine.

    Hard problems are usually not a welcome sight. But cryptographers love them. That’s because certain hard math problems underpin the security of modern encryption. Any clever trick for solving them will doom most forms of cryptography.

    Several years ago, researchers found a radically new approach to encryption that lacks this potential weak spot. The approach exploits the peculiar features of quantum physics. But unlike earlier quantum encryption schemes, which only work for a few special tasks, the new approach can accomplish a much wider range of tasks. And it could work even if all the problems at the heart of ordinary “classical” cryptography turn out to be easily solvable.

    But this striking discovery relied on unrealistic assumptions. The result was “more of a proof of concept,” said Fermi Ma, a cryptography researcher at the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing in Berkeley, California. “It is not a statement about the real world.”

    Now, a new paper by two cryptographers has laid out a path to quantum cryptography without those outlandish assumptions. “This paper is saying that if certain other conjectures are true, then quantum cryptography must exist,” Ma said.

    Castle in the Sky

    You can think of modern cryptography as a tower with three essential parts. The first part is the bedrock deep beneath the tower, which is made of hard mathematical problems. The tower itself is the second part—there you can find specific cryptographic protocols that let you send private messages, sign digital documents, cast secret ballots, and more.

    In between, securing those day-to-day applications to mathematical bedrock, is a foundation made of building blocks called one-way functions. They’re responsible for the asymmetry inherent in any encryption scheme. “It’s one-way because you can encrypt messages, but you can’t decrypt them,” said Mark Zhandry, a cryptographer at NTT Research.

    In the 1980s, researchers proved that cryptography built atop one-way functions would ensure security for many different tasks. But decades later, they still aren’t certain that the bedrock is strong enough to support it. The trouble is that the bedrock is made of special hard problems—technically known as NP problems—whose defining feature is that it’s easy to check whether any candidate solution is correct. (For example, breaking a number into its prime factors is an NP problem: hard to do for large numbers, but easy to check.)

    Many of these problems seem intrinsically difficult, but computer scientists haven’t been able to prove it. If someone discovers an ingenious algorithm for rapidly solving the hardest NP problems, the bedrock will crumble, and the whole tower will collapse.

    Unfortunately, you can’t simply move your tower elsewhere. The tower’s foundation—one-way functions—can only sit on a bedrock of NP problems.

    To build a tower on harder problems, cryptographers would need a new foundation that isn’t made of one-way functions. That seemed impossible until just a few years ago, when researchers realized that quantum physics could help.

    Ben Brubaker

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  • OpenQuantum and Oneness Blockchain AI Lead the Future of Quantum Innovation

    Introducing Open Quantum by Jerry Almonte De Leon, Founder of OneNess Blockchain AI. Revolutionizing Quantum-AI and Quantum-Cryptography

    Jerry Almonte De Leon, founder of OneNess Blockchain AI, proudly introduces Open Quantum, a platform dedicated to advancing Quantum-AI and Quantum-Cryptography. Open Quantum’s breakthrough technologies provide unmatched security, resilience, and efficiency across diverse fields, from cybersecurity to biotechnology and blockchain. With a range of industry-leading projects, Open Quantum sets a new standard for what’s possible in quantum computing and AI.

    Key Projects of Open Quantum by OneNess Blockchain AI:

    Quantum RSAQuantum-Resistant Encryption
    Quantum RSA is designed to withstand quantum attacks, making it one of the most secure encryption methods available today. This quantum-resistant encryption technology brings enhanced data security and protection for sensitive information.Presentation video: https://youtu.be/I3svL97784g?si=PK-o_-CHN7o4lXCy

    Quantum SHA-256The Million-Dollar Algorithm
    Open Quantum’s Quantum SHA-256 algorithm outputs identically to its classic counterpart, providing the same reliability and security while adding the power of quantum technology. This unique algorithm has gained global attention for its potential applications in blockchain and cybersecurity. For a deeper dive, check out Part 1 and Part 2 of the presentation:
    Part 1: https://youtu.be/Jc10O0A8BWw?si=9G5aWXM8JfFNDxpT
    Part 2: https://youtu.be/NAxeMm2Mcl4?si=v25OmLsDAkjh3iRH

    Quantum Timer Secured VaultNew Quantum-Resistant Technology
    The Quantum Timer Vault offers next-generation security for high-value assets. This innovation uses quantum-resistant timing mechanisms to secure vault access, making it ideal for industries needing enhanced protection. Learn more in the presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XfeaGhFkX_4

    Quantum LockWorld’s Most Quantum-Resistant Software
    Quantum Lock has been engineered to deliver the highest level of resistance against quantum attacks. This software solution ensures top-tier security for applications that demand robust data protection and integrity. Watch the presentation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWMVz7jDybw

    Quantum Neural NetworkFree Access for a Limited Time
    The Quantum Neural Network is designed to push the boundaries of AI with quantum-powered enhancements. This high-performance model is currently available for free, showcasing its capabilities in real-world applications. Presentation video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NDuwJIOKrA

    Quantum Neural Network for Drug DiscoveryOpen Source Solution for Medical Research
    This Quantum Neural Network has been successfully applied in drug discovery, aiding in the development of treatments for cancer and COVID-19. By harnessing quantum computing’s capabilities, Open Quantum’s solution accelerates breakthroughs in medicine and pharmaceutical research. Presentation video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CRKFlsK2VSM&t=164s

    Part 2 drugs discovery: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-e-qv_qI-MI 

    Bitcoin Quantum AIQuantum EVM Version of Bitcoin with AI Integration
    Bitcoin Quantum AI represents the next generation of blockchain by combining the security of quantum cryptography with the flexibility of AI. This version is fully EVM-compatible, allowing it to interact with existing Ethereum-based applications. The integration of AI provides added functionality and user accessibility through a web interface, setting new standards for quantum-secure blockchain applications.

    Presentation Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh6LALyqgsk 

    Quantum Growth TechnologyInnovative Agri-Tech Solution for Sustainable Development
    This revolutionary biotechnology combines clean energy sources, like solar panels and wind turbines, to power a system that generates a magnetic field. This field accelerates plant growth by regenerating plant cells at the molecular level, making plants grow three times faster, twice as large, and with 60% less water. The potential impact on sustainable agriculture and food production is immense, positioning Open Quantum as a leader in agri-tech innovation.

    Through these transformative projects, Open Quantum by OneNess Blockchain AI is paving the way for a secure and technologically advanced future. The platform offers groundbreaking solutions across industries, showcasing the incredible potential of quantum technology.

    For more information, visit www.openquantum.ca or reach out at info@openquantum.ca or jerry@openquantum.ca

    Source: Open Quantum

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  • Quantum Entanglement in Neurons: Researcher Ali Karakuş Proposes Using Quantum Entanglement to Rejuvenate Neurons

    Quantum Entanglement in Neurons: Researcher Ali Karakuş Proposes Using Quantum Entanglement to Rejuvenate Neurons

    Press Release


    May 27, 2024 09:00 EDT

    Ali Karakuş hypothesizes that quantum entanglement in nucleotides and cryptochromes, followed by their reinjection into neurons, can enhance neuronal repair. Additionally, exposing these entangled particles to space conditions might amplify these effects.

    In a groundbreaking study, quantum and neuroscience researcher Ali Karakuş proposes a novel approach to rejuvenate and repair brain neurons using quantum entanglement. By inducing entanglement in nucleotides and cryptochromes and reinjecting these particles into neurons, Karakuş believes neuronal repair and regeneration can be significantly enhanced.

    The human brain processes, transmits, and stores vast amounts of information through neurons. Recent advancements in quantum biology suggest that quantum entanglement could significantly influence these biological processes.

    Ali Karakuş hypothesizes that quantum entanglement in nucleotides and cryptochromes, followed by their reinjection into neurons, can enhance neuronal repair. Additionally, exposing these entangled particles to space conditions might amplify these effects.

    The methods proposed include using high-energy lasers to induce entanglement in nucleotides, which are then reinjected into neurons. Polarized light is used to entangle cryptochromes, followed by their reinjection into neurons. Additionally, entangled particles are exposed to space conditions like microgravity and cosmic radiation to enhance their therapeutic potential.

    This approach could revolutionize treatments for blindness and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Quantum entanglement might help clear amyloid plaques, repair neurons, and increase synaptic plasticity, potentially slowing or halting degeneration.

    Ali Karakuş’s innovative framework suggests that quantum entanglement, especially when enhanced by space conditions, can significantly impact neuronal repair and rejuvenation. This study opens new possibilities for treating neurodegenerative diseases and sensory impairments, merging quantum physics with neuroscience for groundbreaking therapies.

    Source: Ali Karakus, Neuroscience & Quantum Researcher

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  • Never-Repeating Patterns of Tiles Can Safeguard Quantum Information

    Never-Repeating Patterns of Tiles Can Safeguard Quantum Information

    This extreme fragility might make quantum computing sound hopeless. But in 1995, the applied mathematician Peter Shor discovered a clever way to store quantum information. His encoding had two key properties. First, it could tolerate errors that only affected individual qubits. Second, it came with a procedure for correcting errors as they occurred, preventing them from piling up and derailing a computation. Shor’s discovery was the first example of a quantum error-correcting code, and its two key properties are the defining features of all such codes.

    The first property stems from a simple principle: Secret information is less vulnerable when it’s divided up. Spy networks employ a similar strategy. Each spy knows very little about the network as a whole, so the organization remains safe even if any individual is captured. But quantum error-correcting codes take this logic to the extreme. In a quantum spy network, no single spy would know anything at all, yet together they’d know a lot.

    Each quantum error-correcting code is a specific recipe for distributing quantum information across many qubits in a collective superposition state. This procedure effectively transforms a cluster of physical qubits into a single virtual qubit. Repeat the process many times with a large array of qubits, and you’ll get many virtual qubits that you can use to perform computations.

    The physical qubits that make up each virtual qubit are like those oblivious quantum spies. Measure any one of them and you’ll learn nothing about the state of the virtual qubit it’s a part of—a property called local indistinguishability. Since each physical qubit encodes no information, errors in single qubits won’t ruin a computation. The information that matters is somehow everywhere, yet nowhere in particular.

    “You can’t pin it down to any individual qubit,” Cubitt said.

    All quantum error-correcting codes can absorb at least one error without any effect on the encoded information, but they will all eventually succumb as errors accumulate. That’s where the second property of quantum error-correcting codes kicks in—the actual error correction. This is closely related to local indistinguishability: Because errors in individual qubits don’t destroy any information, it’s always possible to reverse any error using established procedures specific to each code.

    Taken for a Ride

    Zhi Li, a postdoc at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada, was well versed in the theory of quantum error correction. But the subject was far from his mind when he struck up a conversation with his colleague Latham Boyle. It was the fall of 2022, and the two physicists were on an evening shuttle from Waterloo to Toronto. Boyle, an expert in aperiodic tilings who lived in Toronto at the time and is now at the University of Edinburgh, was a familiar face on those shuttle rides, which often got stuck in heavy traffic.

    “Normally they could be very miserable,” Boyle said. “This was like the greatest one of all time.”

    Before that fateful evening, Li and Boyle knew of each other’s work, but their research areas didn’t directly overlap, and they’d never had a one-on-one conversation. But like countless researchers in unrelated fields, Li was curious about aperiodic tilings. “It’s very hard to be not interested,” he said.

    Ben Brubaker

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  • Expanding the economy is Prince George’s Co.’s No. 1 priority. What’s hindering it? – WTOP News

    Expanding the economy is Prince George’s Co.’s No. 1 priority. What’s hindering it? – WTOP News

    Leaders in Prince George’s County have been warning that the upcoming budget process is going to involve hard choices that will leave lots of people unhappy. To provide more, the county needs to increase tax revenues.

    Leaders in Prince George’s County, Maryland, have been warning that the upcoming budget process is going to involve hard choices that will leave lots of people unhappy. To provide more, the county needs to increase tax revenues.

    But unlike most jurisdictions which see commercial tax sources generate a large portion of revenue, the county is overly reliant on its residents.

    Fixing that has been a priority for years, and the urgency to accomplish that is only growing.

    “If we continue with no changes, we’re headed for a $407 million deficit over the next five years,” warned County Council vice chair Sydney Harrison at an economic development briefing Thursday afternoon.

    For nearly two hours on Thursday, the Government Operations and Fiscal Policy
    Committee heard from the county’s top economic development leaders about the current challenges that exist and where opportunities lie in the future.

    “Sixty percent of our residents who are employed, who tend to be the highest educated and highest paid employees, pre-COVID numbers, have to leave the county for their employment,” said David Iannucci, the president and CEO of the county’s economic development corporation.

    “Their place of work is outside Prince George’s County. That is a higher percentage than our neighbors,” he added.

    One big challenge when it comes to expanding the economy is also a sign of an otherwise stable economy — Maryland’s low unemployment rate, which fell under 2% at one point in late 2023.

    “A lot of people would see this as an outstanding symbol of economic growth,” Iannucci noted. “Business views those numbers and it’s telling them there’s no workers here for me. ‘If I move to your jurisdiction or I expand, I’m not going to find the workers I need.’”

    He also cited housing and child care as other impediments for the county.

    “People are leaving because we’re identified as a high cost state. The lack of housing is a factor, middle class housing in particular, and child care is a new issue,” Iannucci said. “Many women have left the work force because of the expense of child care.

    “These are factors that we have to understand as part of our economic climate,” he added.

    But the county’s economic team also said there was reason to be optimistic about the opportunities that exist now and will be coming to the county in the future.

    Iannucci noted that while the county still has twice as many federal workers as federal jobs, the imbalance has been tilting in the county’s direction, ticking off the several thousand federal jobs that have either relocated or are in the process of relocating to the Suitland and Beltsville areas.

    But he said the relocation of the FBI headquarters to Greenbelt — bringing about 7,500 FBI employees to that new facility — will be a game changer. And he urged the council to begin preparing, and trying to capitalize on their arrival, right now.

    “The lucrative part for Prince George’s County … will be the private contractors who want to be associated with the FBI,” Iannucci said.

    “Just as Virginia has captured thousands, and tens of thousands, of jobs with federal contractors associated with the military complex there, that is our opportunity in Prince George’s County to capture the cybersecurity companies, the artificial intelligence companies, those in public safety, all those services that will support the 7,500 jobs. That is going to be our growth opportunity,” he added.

    And unlike many other federal jobs, he noted, the FBI can’t do telework.

    Iannucci also touted growth opportunity just a three-minute trip down the Metro’s Green Line from the FBI’s new home in College Park.

    “Quantum is one of the great opportunities for Prince George’s County. IonQ is the world’s best capitalized quantum computing company,” Iannucci said, referring to a company that’s based in the University of Maryland’s Discovery District on Campus Drive, within walking distance of the College Park MARC and Metro stations.

    “We have the opportunity to be, really, the Silicon Valley of quantum computing.”

    With startup companies constantly spinning out of the university’s computing programs, he said the county needs to make the Discovery District as appealing as possible.

    “We are in a world competition for leadership in quantum,” he warned, and said it shouldn’t be just a county priority, but a state one too. “It is that powerful an opportunity but it is not going to be given to us.”

    Other efforts include research and development of microchips, which is also a big federal priority.

    These days, about 32% of the county’s tax base comes from commercial revenues, up 4% from what it used to be. But other parts of the region have the opposite ratio.

    “We’re one of the wealthiest counties in the United States — top 4%,” Iannucci said. “Our challenge though, we’re in a region where there are 20 counties in the top 2%.”

    But when asked what the county was doing to think “outside the box” on other ways to lure business, Angie Rodgers, the county’s deputy chief administrative officer for economic development, pinned blame on the county council for making that too great a challenge right now.

    “I will be honest, I am trying to figure out how we stop hurting ourselves on the things that we are trying to push forward,” Rodgers said. “It is difficult to think about innovating when really compared to a lot of our neighbors, when we think about land use and zoning and how we’re planning for space, when we think about the tools that we’re putting on the table. We are still treading water.”

    For me, thinking outside the box these days is about pushing past that first,” she said.

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    John Domen

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  • Optica Publishing Group Announces Launch of Optica Quantum

    Optica Publishing Group Announces Launch of Optica Quantum

    New, online-only Gold Open Access journal to rapidly disseminate high-impact research results across many sectors of quantum information science and technology.

    On World Quantum Day, Optica Publishing Group announced it will begin publishing a new journal in September 2023 dedicated to highly selective results in quantum information science and technology (QIST). The new journal, Optica Quantum, joins the Society’s portfolio of the most-cited journals in optics and photonics and will provide the community with articles of the same exceptional standards for quality, novelty, and significance as its parent journal, Optica

    The concept of quantum light serves as a foundation for many quantum technologies and ongoing research areas involving security, communications, computing, machine learning, sensing, and more. To support this rapidly growing field, Optica Quantum will be dedicated to QIST as enabled by optics and photonics, publishing theoretical and experimental research as well as technological advances and applications of quantum optics. 

    Dr. Michael G. Raymer, Knight Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Founding Director of the Oregon Center for Optical Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, USA, will serve as the inaugural editor-in-chief of the Journal. Raymer has been on the forefront of the quantum information revolution and has been instrumental in a number of key initiatives that have advanced the field. He successfully lobbied the US Government to approve the US National Quantum Initiative Act in 2018, which greatly boosted research and development in this area. A few years later, in 2020, Raymer launched Optica’s Quantum 2.0 topical meeting to help scientists and engineers focus on and resolve key challenges facing the QIST community today.

    “I am honored to be entrusted with the founding editor-in-chief position for Optica Quantum,” said Raymer. “Through my volunteer work with and support from Optica, I’ve been part of and witnessed the major impact that a professional society can have in advancing quantum science and technology. With the help of a distinguished editorial board, I intend for Optica Quantum to become a one-of-kind journal that provides top-caliber articles and mini-reviews from a Society publisher that’s been in the field for more than 100 years.”

    Optica Quantum will rapidly publish original peer-reviewed, high-impact research results, provide state-of-the art reviews of both emerging and established subareas of optics- and photonics-related QIST, and share opinions from recognized authorities on new directions for this critical field. 

    Optica Publishing Group continually seeks ways to better serve the global optics and photonics community. With the acceleration of quantum research across the globe, there’s an increasing need to curate, publish and perpetually archive the latest and most significant research from the leaders in the field. Optica Quantum will not only achieve this, but it will also foster increased synergies among academia, industry, and government agencies interested in QIST developments,” said Elizabeth Nolan, Optica Deputy Executive Director and Chief Publishing Officer. 

    Optica Quantum will open for submissions in June 2023. Article Processing Charges for this Gold Open-Access journal will be waived for all articles published this year. 

    About Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA)

    Optica Publishing Group is a division of the society, Optica (formerly OSA), Advancing Optics and Photonics Worldwide. It publishes the largest collection of peer-reviewed and most-cited content in optics and photonics, including 18 prestigious journals, the society’s flagship member magazine, and papers and videos from more than 835 conferences. With over 400,000 journal articles, conference papers and videos to search, discover and access, our publications portfolio represents the full range of research in the field from around the globe.

    Source: Optica Publishing Group

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