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Tag: paralysis

  • Driver arrested for 2024 rollover crash that left passenger paralyzed in Chula Vista

    The central jail on Front Street in downtown San Diego. (File photo by Chris Stone/Times of San Diego)

    A man wanted by Chula Vista police for a serious injury rollover crash last year that left another man paralyzed was arrested Wednesday at his San Diego home.

    Salvador Gomezadaya, 25, of San Diego, was taken into custody Wednesday on an arrest warrant on suspicion of two counts of felony reckless driving and two counts of felony illegal speed contest stemming from a single vehicle crash in Chula Vista in July 2024 that seriously injured his two passengers, according to CVPD Officer Anthony Molina.

    Gomezadaya was also injured in the crash that happened in the 1700 block of Wueste Road.

    When officers got the crash scene, they found three occupants who sustained significant injuries, including a 24-year-old woman passenger who was ejected from the vehicle and suffered a broken arm and facial injuries, Molina said.

    A 21-year-old man was found trapped inside the vehicle and sustained injuries resulting in paralysis. Gomezadaya, the driver, was also ejected from the vehicle and taken to a hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.

    “An investigation conducted by the Chula Vista Police Department’s Traffic Bureau determined that Gomezadaya had consumed alcohol prior to the collision and was operating the vehicle in a reckless manner, causing the crash and the serious injuries to his passengers,” Molina said.

    At the end of the investigation, the case was submitted to the San Diego County District Attorney’s Office and a warrant for Gomezadaya’s arrest was issued.

    Gomezadaya was booked into San Diego Central Jail Wednesday on the outstanding warrant. Bail was set at $150,000 and arraignment scheduled for South Bay Superior Court Dec. 2.


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  • ‘Complete paralysis:’ Palestinian medics say disaster awaits Gaza as Israel pounds enclave with airstrikes | CNN

    ‘Complete paralysis:’ Palestinian medics say disaster awaits Gaza as Israel pounds enclave with airstrikes | CNN



    CNN
     — 

    Medical and relief workers are pleading for safe passage for the 2 million civilians in Gaza as Israel pounds the enclave with airstrikes and imposes a complete siege, in response to the brutal attack launched by the militant group Hamas.

    Time is running out for the residents crammed into the increasingly battered 140-square-mile territory under Israeli and Egyptian blockades, as supplies of food and water run low. Families are desperately searching for shelter as missiles flatten buildings and towers. Medical supplies are in dire shortage. And most of the enclave has already lost power, after the fuel that generates electricity ran out on Wednesday.

    At least 1,417 Palestinians, including 447 children and 248 women, have so far been killed in Gaza, and 6,268 others injured, according to the Palestinian Ministry of Health.

    In Israel, at 1,200 people have been killed, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson Lt. Col. Jonathan Conricus said on Wednesday. Israel also said that up to 150 hostages, including civilians, have been taken to Gaza by Hamas – which controls the strip.

    Relief groups are calling for the protection of the many civilians in Gaza who continue to bear the brunt of the bloody war between Hamas and Israel, urging that an emergency corridor be established for the transfer of humanitarian aid.

    Smoke billows over Rafah, in southern Gaza, on Thursday. Israeli forces hammered the enclave for a sixth consecutive day.

    Israeli Energy Minister Israel Katz on Thursday said Israel would deprive the strip of electricity, water and fuel until Hamas returns the hostages.

    “No electrical switch will be turned on, no water hydrant will be opened, and no fuel truck will enter until the Israeli abductees are returned home,” Katz wrote on the social media platform X, formerly Twitter. “And no one will preach us morals,” he added.

    Responding to a question about whether Israel is upholding the laws of warfare with its siege on Gaza, Israeli President Isaac Herzog said on Thursday his country “abides by international law, operates by international law.”

    “Every operation is secured and covered and reviewed legally with all due respect,” Herzog told CNN’s Becky Anderson at a press briefing in Jerusalem, adding that talk about war crimes is “totally out of context.”

    Dr. Mustafa Barghouti, the co-founder of the Palestinian Medical Relief Society (PMRS), warned the complete siege of Gaza will pollute water and reduce oxygen supplies, depleting health indicators, including infant and maternal mortality rates, poverty, starvation and the spread of waterborne diseases and gastrointestinal infections.

    “You will have a very big rise of maternal mortality of women who are going to give birth under terrible conditions. We will see epidemics starting to spread in Gaza,” he said. “That’s also besides the number of people who will be killed by Israeli air strikes.

    “We are heading towards a complete paralysis of the medical system there.”

    Human Rights Watch earlier this week criticized Israel’s call for the complete siege as a form of “collective punishment” and a “war crime.”

    The Israeli blockade on Gaza has crippled the health system inside the Palestinian enclave, medical workers told CNN, as emergency teams struggle to triage patients amid dwindling medical supplies.

    Barghouti, the PMRS co-founder, said patients with pre-existing health conditions, including cancer and chronic kidney failure, are at risk of death because the siege has blocked access to fresh drugs.

    The PMRS has 180 doctors, nurses and psychotherapists stationed inside Gaza, alongside thousands of volunteers, he told CNN on Wednesday.

    “I receive calls around the clock from our people there [in Gaza], patients with kidney problems who need kidney dialysis, telling me that they could die in a few days,” said Barghouti, who is also the leader of the Palestinian National Initiative, a political party headquartered in the occupied West Bank.

    “Our medical teams are finding great difficulty moving from one place to another because, as people will say, there is no safe place at all. So it’s a disaster in front of our eyes.”

    A British-Palestinian surgeon working in Gaza, Ghassan Abu-Sitta, said that unless a humanitarian corridor replenishes the system, hospitals may not make it to the end of the week.

    “Unless there is a cessation of the bombing and the humanitarian corridor (opens), the Palestinian health system will not survive beyond the week,” Abu-Sitta, who was working inside Shifa Hospital in Gaza City but is now operating from a hospital in northern Gaza’s Jabalia refugee camp, told CNN.

    The doctor is yet to see any aid come through.

    Palestinian citizens inspect damage to their homes, which were destroyed by Israeli airstrikes in the Karama area, in northern Gaza, on Wednesday.

    Hospitals all over Gaza are overwhelmed with patients, he said, adding that power is limited to generators and already scarce drinking water is being transported in tanks. Concerns of diseases spreading, including cholera, are growing, Abu-Sitta added.

    The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) warned on Thursday that Gaza likely only has enough fuel for a few more hours.

    “I wanted to say we are going toward a catastrophe, but we are already in the catastrophe,” ICRC’s regional director for the Middle East told reporters during a briefing in Geneva, adding that the humanitarian situation will soon become “unmanageable.”

    Gaza’s health infrastructure is close to a breaking point, Dr. Ashraf Al-Qudra, a spokesperson for the Palestinian Ministry of Health in Gaza, said Thursday. All beds are occupied, and there is no room for new patients in critical condition, Al-Qudra said.

    Earlier Thursday the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) said hospitals in Gaza “risk turning into morgues” amid power cuts.

    The Palestinian Minister of Health Mai Al Kaila on Thursday called for urgent international help to field hospitals in Gaza. Medical supplies, emergency departments and intensive care units are urgently needed, she said.

    With the current Israeli siege, the only corridor through which Palestinians or aid can pass in and out of Gaza is the Rafah Crossing, which connects Gaza to Egypt.

    Egypt on Thursday denied reports of the crossing being closed, saying it has however sustained damage due to repeated Israeli airstrikes on the Palestinian side of the border.

    Palestinian officials in Gaza had said two days earlier that the crossing had been closed due to Israeli airstrikes. CNN could not independently verify whether the crossing is open or closed.

    In a statement, Egypt called on international partners to send humanitarian and relief aid to Palestinians in Gaza, adding that Egyptian authorities will be receiving aid packages at the Al-Arish International Airport in north Sinai.

    A Jordanian plane carrying medical aid for Gaza left for Egypt on Thursday, according to a statement from the Jordanian Hashemite Charitable Organization, a state-run relief agency, adding that the supplies will be delivered to medical authorities in Gaza through the Rafah border crossing.

    It is unclear how the aid will cross the border amid airstrikes on Gaza.

    CNN has reached out to the Egyptian government about the status of Rafah crossing, whether aid will be able to pass through, and whether Palestinians fleeing the conflict will be able to cross into Egyptian territory.

    The US said it is in talks with Israel and Egypt about creating a humanitarian corridor through which civilians can cross.

    “We’re talking to Israel about that. We’re talking to Egypt about that (getting civilians out of Gaza),” Secretary of State Antony Blinken said on Wednesday prior to departing for Israel.

    A senior Israeli official told CNN on Wednesday talks are “underway” to allow US citizens and Palestinian civilians in Gaza to cross over into Egypt ahead of any possible land invasion of the territory by Israeli forces.

    The official with knowledge of the negotiations told CNN’s Matthew Chance on Wednesday that under the proposal being discussed, all American citizens would be permitted to pass through the Rafah border crossing if they present their US passports, while the movement of other Palestinian civilians would be limited to 2,000 people a day.

    Final approval of the arrangement would need to come from the Egyptians, who control the Rafah crossing between Gaza and Egypt, but the Israeli official said it was “in Israel’s interests” for as many Palestinians as possible to leave Gaza.

    The IDF on Wednesday said it has amassed some 300,000 reservists near the Gaza border.

    “They (Hamas) will regret this moment – Gaza will never return to what it was,” Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant said earlier.

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  • Republican congressman says Tuberville’s hold on military nominations is ‘paralyzing’ and a ‘national security problem’ | CNN Politics

    Republican congressman says Tuberville’s hold on military nominations is ‘paralyzing’ and a ‘national security problem’ | CNN Politics


    Washington
    CNN
     — 

    House Foreign Affairs Chairman Mike McCaul, a Republican, told CNN’s Jake Tapper on Sunday that GOP Sen. Tommy Tuberville’s hold on military nominations is “paralyzing” and a “national security problem.”

    “The idea that one man in the Senate can hold this up for months … is paralyzing the Department of Defense,” McCaul said on CNN’s “State of the Union.”

    “I think that is a national security problem and a national security issue,” the Texas congressman said.

    Tuberville, of Alabama, has delayed the confirmations of more than 300 top military nominees over his opposition to the Pentagon’s policy of reimbursing service members and their families who have to travel to receive abortion care. Tuberville says the Pentagon’s reproductive health policies violate the law, but Pentagon officials have pointed to a Justice Department memo that says the policies are lawful.

    A spokesperson for Tuberville said McCaul’s view “just isn’t accurate.”

    “No one can stop (Senate Majority Leader) Chuck Schumer from holding votes on these nominations. He just doesn’t want to,” spokesperson Steven Stafford wrote in an email to CNN. “It’s also inaccurate because acting officials are in all of these roles. In some cases these acting officials are the nominees for permanent roles. No jobs are open or going undone right now.”

    One senator can hold up nominations or legislation in the chamber, and Tuberville’s stance has left three military services to operate without a Senate-confirmed leader for the first time in history.

    It’s possible to confirm each nominee one by one, but Senate Democrats have argued that would take up valuable floor time – despite a five-week recess in August.

    McCaul said on Sunday that he wishes Tuberville would reconsider his stance and that the Republican Party is working on the abortion travel policy issue through the National Defense Authorization Act.

    “But to hold up the top brass from being promoted … I think is paralyzing our Department of Defense,” he said.

    The hold on promotions, which began in March, has been a growing source of public scrutiny. The three US military service secretaries told CNN last week that Tuberville’s blockage is aiding communist and autocratic regimes, and is being used against the US by adversaries such as China.

    In July, active-duty military spouses hand-delivered a petition to Schumer, Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and Tuberville signed by hundreds of military family members who were “deeply concerned and personally impacted by Senator Tuberville blocking confirmation of senior military leaders.”

    Republican presidential candidate Nikki Haley told CNN’s Tapper on Sunday that if elected president, she would put an end to the reimbursement policy for travel for abortion care. Haley, whose husband is in the South Carolina Army National Guard, said military families should not be used as political pawns.

    “I’m not saying that Sen. Tuberville is right in doing this, because I don’t want to use them as pawns. But if you love our military and are so adamant about it, then go and make Congress, Republicans and Democrats, have to go through person by person,” the former South Carolina governor and United Nations ambassador said.

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  • Jesse Malin reveals he had rare spinal stroke that left him paralyzed | CNN

    Jesse Malin reveals he had rare spinal stroke that left him paralyzed | CNN



    CNN
     — 

    Jesse Malin is a rocker well known for dancing and interacting with the crowds at his concerts, and he hopes to get back to that someday.

    But after experiencing a rare spinal cord stroke, Malin is currently paralyzed from the waist down.

    Malin told Rolling Stone that weeks after performing at New York’s famed Webster Hall in honor of the 20th-anniversary celebration of his solo debut “The Fine Art of Self Destruction” in March, he collapsed while out to dinner with friends to mark the one-year anniversary of the death of his best friend and former D Generation bandmate, Howie Pyro.

    Malin said he felt pain in his lower back that traveled to his heels before he found himself on the floor unable to move

    “Everybody was standing above me like in ‘Rosemary’s Baby,’ saying all these different things, and I was there not knowing what was going on with my body,” he said.

    According to the National Institute Neurological Disorders and Stroke, a spinal cord infarction “is a stroke within the spinal cord or the arteries that supply it. It is caused by arteriosclerosis or a thickening or closing of the major arteries to the spinal cord.”

    Malin was taken to Mount Sinai Hospital and talked to Rolling Stone from a New York University rehab facility where he is currently undergoing therapy.

    “This is the hardest six weeks that I’ve ever had,” he told the magazine.

    “I’m told that they don’t really understand it, and they’re not sure of the chances,” he said. “The reports from the doctors have been tough, and there’s moments in the day where you want to cry, and where you’re scared. But I keep saying to myself that I can make this happen. I can recover my body.”

    Malin’s manager David Bason and friends launched a fund on Wednesday to help pay for expenses as the singer is currently struggling financially since he can’t work.

    Malin said he has mixed feelings about having to receive help, despite the fact that he has fundraised for others in the past who have also gone through similar challenges.

    “I always felt that we have a voice with these microphones and with these guitars and with these venues to help each other out. But it’s very hard for me to take back and be that person,” he said. “I don’t want to be a burden, but I’m learning. Just laying here and not being able to walk, it’s very humbling.”

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  • Randy Cox, who was paralyzed after being transported in a New Haven police van, reaches $45M settlement with city, attorneys say | CNN

    Randy Cox, who was paralyzed after being transported in a New Haven police van, reaches $45M settlement with city, attorneys say | CNN



    CNN
     — 

    Randy Cox, the man who was paralyzed while authorities were transporting him handcuffed and without a seat belt in a police van, reached a $45 million settlement with the City of New Haven, his attorneys announced Saturday.

    The settlement marked the end of a civil lawsuit filed against the southern Connecticut coastal city after the June 2022 incident in which an abrupt stop in the back of a New Haven Police Department van caused Cox to be paralyzed from the chest down.

    The settlement marks the largest involving a police misconduct case in US history, according to Cox’s attorneys, Ben Crump, Louis Rubano and R.J. Weber.

    “The city’s mistakes have been well documented, but today is a moment to look to the future, so New Haven residents can have confidence in their city and their police department,” a joint statement from the attorneys read.

    “This settlement sends a message to the country that we know we must be better than this,” the attorneys said.

    New Haven Mayor Justin Elicker said in a statement that the settlement was “an important and sobering part of this accountability process.”

    “While nothing can ever return Randy’s life to the way it was prior to this incident, we trust that this settlement will allow him to receive the support and medical care he needs to move forward,” Elicker said.

    Of the $45 million settlement funds, the city’s insurance will cover $30 million while the city will pay the remainder, according to a statement from Cox’s attorneys.

    The announcement came just days after four members of the New Haven Board of Police Commissioners voted to dismiss two of the five police officers – Jocelyn Lavandier and Luis Rivera – that were involved in the 2022 incident, which happened on Juneteenth – the annual celebration marking the end of slavery in the US.

    Cox’s attorneys said the decision on Wednesday to terminate Lavandier and Rivera “reflected a commitment to accountability and justice.”

    Lavandier’s attorney, Daniel Ford, called the dismissal “an absolute rush to judgment” in a statement to CNN.

    CNN has reached out to Rivera for comment.

    On June 19, 2022, the two officers, along with Oscar Diaz, Ronald Pressley and Sgt. Betsy Segui, transported Cox following his arrest on suspicion of illegally possessing a handgun, CNN previously reported.

    A handcuffed Cox can be seen in a video of the transport hitting his head on the van’s back wall as it came to a sudden stop.

    The charges against Cox were dropped in October 2022.

    The five officers involved pleaded not guilty in January and have not gone to trial, CNN affiliate WFSB reported.

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  • NBA star James Harden speaks with hospitalized Michigan State student paralyzed in mass shooting | CNN

    NBA star James Harden speaks with hospitalized Michigan State student paralyzed in mass shooting | CNN



    CNN
     — 

    Philadelphia 76ers star James Harden spoke via video call Wednesday with John Hao, a fan of Harden’s and one of the Michigan State University students wounded in a mass shooting on campus last week.

    A video shared with CNN by Harden’s management team shows the NBA star giving words of encouragement to Hao, who remains hospitalized.

    “Everything will work itself out. You’re strong,” Harden says during their conversation. “Keep pushing and keep fighting.”

    Hao was among those shot at Michigan State’s campus in East Lansing on February 13. The shooting killed three students and wounded at least five others, officials said.

    A bullet severed Hao’s spinal cord and critically injured his lungs, leaving him paralyzed from the chest down, according to a verified GoFundMe started for his family.

    Hao is pursuing a career in sports management, and Harden is his favorite basketball player, a representative of Hao’s family told CNN. Gifts from Harden to Hao include a pair of game-worn sneakers.

    CNN has sought comment from Harden’s agent and the 76ers.

    Classes and athletic events have resumed at Michigan State. In its first home game since the shooting, the men’s basketball team claimed an emotional victory over the Indiana Hoosiers on Tuesday, as the crowd wore white to honor those lost or wounded.

    The US has had more than 80 mass shootings in 2023 as of Thursday, according to the Gun Violence Archive, a nonprofit that defines mass shootings as those in which four or more people were shot, not including the shooter.

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  • With a little ‘tickle,’ a new technology gives hope to stroke patients with paralysis | CNN

    With a little ‘tickle,’ a new technology gives hope to stroke patients with paralysis | CNN



    CNN
     — 

    For nearly a decade, Heather Rendulic hasn’t been able to use her left hand to feed herself or pick up something as light as a soup can – but that changed when she became part of a clinical trial that could radically improve the lives of people who’ve been paralyzed after a stroke.

    The results of that trial were published Monday in the journal Nature Medicine.

    Rendulic has a rare brain disease called cavernous angioma, a blood vessel abnormality that can cause stroke. She had series of them – five total – over a period of 11 months when she was just 22 years old that left her paralyzed on her left side.

    “The most challenging part of my condition is living one-handed in a two-handed world,” the Pittsburgh resident said.

    A stroke cuts off the blood supply to the brain, and cells start to die within minutes. A person can have paralysis if the stroke damages the part of the brain that sends messages to trigger muscles to move.

    Rendulic eventually regained some function on her left side, but she was still unable to use a fork or make a fist with that hand.

    In 2021, as a part of a joint project between the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, researchers implanted a pair of thin metal electrodes along her neck.

    Doctors already use spinal cord stimulation technology to treat persistent pain. Research has shown that the technology could be used to restore leg movement after a spinal cord injury, but hand movements are a little trickier. A hand that functions properly has a unique kind of dexterity and a wide range of motion.

    For the trial, scientists implanted electrodes along the surface of the spinal cord that look like strands of spaghetti. The electrodes give tiny impulses that stimulate specific regions and activate nerve cells inside the spinal cord.

    “The sensory nerves from the arm and hand send signals to motor neurons in the spinal cord that control the muscles of the limb,” said study co-author Dr. Douglas Weber, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Neuroscience Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. “By stimulating these sensory nerves, we can amplify the activity of muscles that have been weakened by stroke. Importantly, the patient retains full control of their movements: The stimulation is assistive and strengthens muscle activation only when patients are trying to move.”

    This technology could work with a wide range of patients, the researchers said.

    Rendulic said the stimulation feels “kind of like a tickle.” It’s never painful, but it takes a little getting used to.

    As tiny black plastic boxes light up and flashing green lights travel up and down her arm, the device allows motion that would have been unthinkable years ago.

    Even on the first day, she had a new range of movement. She didn’t have to be shown how to open the hand or reach the arm, the researchers said. For more complex tasks, a little training was needed.

    “When the stimulation is on, I feel like I now have control of my arm and my hand again that I haven’t had in over nine years,” she said.

    Rendulic can lift her arm above her head, use a fork to bring food to her mouth, and fully open and close her fist. The other person participating in the trial had similarly promising results.

    At one point during the trial, Rendulic picked up a soup can and released it on a marked spot on a board. The lab around her erupted in cheers, and she pumped her other arm in the air in triumph.

    “It’s just awesome,” she said.

    The researchers got another pleasant surprise, too: “We found that after a few weeks of use, some of these improvements endure when the stimulation is switched off, indicating exciting avenues for the future of stroke therapies,” said study co-author Dr. Marco Capogrosso, an assistant professor of neurological surgery at Pitt.

    This means even after the device is removed, with some intense physical training, subjects may have long-term improvements, the researchers said.

    No treatments are considered effective for treating paralysis six months or more after a stroke, in what doctors call the chronic stage.

    The stimulation technology needs to be tested further, but it has great potential, the researchers said.

    And it may fill a growing need. Doctors predict that 1 in every 4 people over the age of 25 will have a stroke in their lifetime, and many will develop some kind of paralysis, according to the World Stroke Organization.

    “Creating effective neurorehabilitation solutions for people affected by movement impairment after stroke is becoming ever more urgent,” said study co-author Dr. Elvira Pirondini, an assistant professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation at Pitt.

    “Even mild deficits resulting from a stroke can isolate people from social and professional lives and become very debilitating, with motor impairments in the arm and hand being especially taxing and impeding simple daily activities, such as writing, eating and getting dressed.”

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  • Targeting Key Cells in Spinal Cord Got Paralyzed Patients Walking Again

    Targeting Key Cells in Spinal Cord Got Paralyzed Patients Walking Again

    By Amy Norton 

    HealthDay Reporter

    WEDNESDAY, Nov. 9, 2022 (HealthDay News) — In an advance in treating spinal cord injuries, researchers have pinpointed nerve cells that are key to allowing people with paralysis to walk again.
     

    The findings come, in part, from nine patients involved in an ongoing Swiss study that is seeking to restore movement to people with paralysis.

    All nine rapidly regained the ability to stand and walk with the help of implants that electrically stimulate spinal nerves that control lower-body movement.

    Now the researchers are reporting that they’ve identified a specific group of cells in the lower spine that appear necessary for that movement recovery to happen.

    The hope, experts said, is that the discovery will help in refining the electrical stimulation therapy — and, eventually, aid in developing even more sophisticated ways to restore complex movement to people with paralysis.

    In the United States alone, as many as 450,000 people are living with a spinal cord injury, according to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Just over half of those injuries are in people younger than 30, most of whom are male — with traffic accidents or violence often to blame.

    Spinal cord injuries essentially cut off communication between the brain and the spinal nerves located below the level of the injury.

    But those nerve cells are not useless — just offline. And for years, researchers have been studying epidural electrical stimulation (EES) as a way to get those neurons firing and restore some amount of movement to people with paralysis.

    EES involves implanting electrodes that deliver electrical currents to neurons in the spinal cord. The electrodes are connected to a pulse generator implanted in the abdomen.

    EES has a 50-year history of use as a treatment for pain, said Eiman Azim, a researcher at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., who studies the mechanisms underlying human movement.

    Along the way, researchers realized EES also affects movement. Over the past decade or so, different research teams have used EES, along with intensive physical rehabilitation, to help a small number of paralyzed patients regain the ability to stand and walk to some degree.

    The Swiss team, Azim said, has been “making big leaps” in advancing the approach in recent years.

    They have developed, for example, electrodes that precisely target the “dorsal root” regions of the spinal cord that control leg and trunk movement. They’ve also incorporated sophisticated technology that stimulates nerves in a pattern that better emulates the way the brain would do the job.

    The team, from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the University of Lausanne, reported on their three latest patients earlier this year. The patients, all men between 29 and 41 years old, had suffered spinal cord injuries that left them with no sensation or movement in the legs.

    All underwent surgery in 2020 to have the EES hardware implanted. The implants were paired with software that allows patients and physical therapists to set up semi-automated stimulation programs that enable a variety of movements. People can operate these programs themselves, via a tablet and small remote controls that communicate wirelessly with the pulse generator.

    Those three patients were able to stand and walk, with support, immediately after recovering from surgery.

    The Swiss team has discovered something particularly intriguing along the way: Some of their nine patients have been able to walk even with the electrical stimulation turned off — suggesting, Azim said, a “reorganization” of neurons involved in walking.

    To delve deeper, the researchers turned to lab mice to simulate many of the main features of EES in humans with spinal cord injuries. They were able to zero in on a group of neurons — called Vsx2 neurons — that appear “essential” for the recovery of walking with EES.

    “Silencing” the neurons prevented lab mice from recovering their walking ability with EES; activating the neurons restored their movement.

    “This study asked, what is going on in the spinal cord during stimulation?” Azim said. “That’s a big black box.”

    Dr. Greg Nemunaitis, director of spinal cord injury rehabilitation at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, called the regained function in these nine patients “fantastic.”

    He also said the discovery of “recovery-organizing neurons,” while in mice, is “a first step in understanding and enhancing function in humans until the ‘cure’ is found.”

    Azim said that in the short-term, the findings on these key neurons could help in further refining EES.

    Looking toward the future, he said, a greater understanding of how EES fosters movement recovery could help in developing even more sophisticated treatments. Technologies are advancing to the point that, ultimately, it may be possible to safely access the spinal cord and “rebuild” damaged circuits, Azim noted.

    “It’s not a pipe dream,” he said.

    The findings were published online Nov. 9 in the journal Nature.

    More information

    The U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke has an overview on spinal cord injury.

     

    SOURCES: Eiman Azim, PhD, associate professor, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, Calif.; Greg Nemunaitis, MD, director, spinal cord injury rehabilitation, Cleveland Clinic, and professor, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Nature, Nov. 9, 2022, online

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