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Tag: inflammation

  • IBD and Cannabis  | NutritionFacts.org

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    Smoking cannabis may help with symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the short term, but it may make the long-term prognosis worse.

    As this study asks, “Medical Marijuana: A Panacea or Scourge?” For 5,000 years, cannabis “has been used throughout the world medically, recreationally, and spiritually.” It was even prescribed by American physicians “for a plethora of indications” from the mid-19th century to the 1930s, a fact that’s often used by medical marijuana proponents as evidence justifying the modern medical applications.” But the field of old-timey medicine is “fraught with potions and herbal remedies,” not to mention bloodletting and other questionable and harmful remedies.

    Skeptics criticize the medical marijuana movement as the “‘medical excuse marijuana’ movement,” insinuating that children with epilepsy and the terminally ill are being “used as a ‘Trojan horse’ for the legalization of recreational cannabis use” or to peddle “outlandish claims” about “miracle cancer cures,” frustrating researchers in the field who just want to get at the science.

    For example, what about the therapeutic use of cannabis for inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis? Conventional therapies work mainly by suppressing the immune system to try to tamp down inflammation. “Given the limited therapy options and known adverse side effects with chronic use” from these drugs, people suffering from these diseases often need to have inflamed sections of their bowels removed surgically, so it’s clear why there’s so much interest in alternative approaches.

    About one in six IBD patients who use marijuana say it helps with their symptoms, so researchers decided to put it to the test. Thirteen patients with IBD were given a third of a pound of marijuana to smoke at their leisure over a period of three months, and they reported feeling significantly better with “reported improvement in general health perception, social functioning, ability to work, physical pain, and depression.” There wasn’t a control group, so it’s unknown if they would have improved anyway or what role the placebo effect may have played. It’s like some of the studies of cannabis used for pediatric epilepsy that had response rates exceeding 30 percent and a frequency cut in half in a third of the kids. Amazing results until you realize you can sometimes get similarly amazing responses from giving kids nothing but a sugar pill placebo, as seen below and at 2:21 in my video Friday Favorites: Cannabis for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). That’s why it’s critical to do randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, but there weren’t any on cannabis and IBD until 2013. 

    For 21 patients with Crohn’s disease, nothing seemed to help. So researchers randomized them to either smoke two joints a day of marijuana or a look-alike placebo. The results? Ninety percent of those in the cannabis group got better, compared to only 40 percent in the placebo group. Shown below and at 3:11 in my video is a graph of their symptom scores. As you can see, there was no big change in the placebo group over the two-month study, but the cannabis group cut their symptoms by about half. 

    The researchers acknowledge that long-term cannabis use is not without risks, but it may be a cakewalk compared to the potential adverse—and even life-threatening—side effects of some of the more powerful conventional therapies, so the study was heralded in a paper entitled “High Hope for Medical Marijuana in Digestive Disorders.”

    The study was funded by a medical marijuana advocacy organization, the main supplier in the country, in fact. So, expectations may have been placed on the participants about how much better they would feel—in other words, they may have been primed for the placebo effect. But the researchers controlled for that, right? Those getting the real cannabis did significantly better than those randomized to get the placebo. But the point of a placebo is that it is indistinguishable from the real thing, so the participants don’t know which group they’re in—the control group or the treatment group. How can that be accomplished with a psychoactive drug? It can’t, which is the problem. The researchers tried to hide which group participants were in by only recruiting patients who had never tried cannabis before in the hopes that they wouldn’t notice placebo pot, but, unsurprisingly, most of them did. So, we’re basically left with another unblinded study. The researchers asked a bunch of subjective questions, like “How are you feeling?” and those who pretty much knew they were taking the drug said they were feeling better.

    There were no significant changes in objective lab values, like CRP, a sign of inflammation, so perhaps the “cannabis may simply be masking symptoms without affecting intestinal inflammation.” Another indicator that it may not be affecting the course of the disease itself is how quickly the symptoms rebound. Two weeks after the study ended, those in the cannabis group were right back to where they started, as shown here (see week 10) and at 5:05 in my video. 

    So, “there was no difference in objective inflammatory markers to indicate disease modification. Given the rapid rebound…to pretreatment levels after the 2-week washout period, it seems more plausible that cannabis ameliorated the symptoms of Crohn’s disease, rather than actually modulating the disease.” That may be, but the symptoms are terrible. A reduction in pain is a reduction in pain. Indeed, “from the point of view of the patients, a marked symptomatic improvement and ability to resume normal life is not trivial, even if inflammation persists.” Of course, what if cannabis somehow makes the disease worse in the long run?

    A survey study published the following year found that cannabis provided the same immediate symptomatic relief but was associated with a worse disease prognosis over time. Patients with IBD reported that cannabis improved their pain, cramping, and diarrhea, but use for more than six months by Crohn’s patients appeared to be a strong predictor of them ending up in surgery; they had five times the odds of going under the knife. There are two possible explanations for this: It’s quite possible that the increased disease severity led to the cannabis use and not the other way around. The alternative explanation: “Cannabis use may worsen the prognosis of IBD, leading to greater surgeries and hospitalizations.”

    This is why we need prospective clinical trials where people are followed over time to see which came first. Until then, perhaps we should consider cannabis use for IBD as “potentially harmful.” Not just to err on the side of caution, but because there was a study on hepatitis C patients that found that daily cannabis use was associated with nearly seven times the odds of worse liver fibrosis, which is like scar tissue. If cannabis really does make fibrosis worse, that may explain why cannabis users with IBD may be more likely to require surgery. 

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    Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

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  • The Secret to Senior Pet Vitality? A Thousand-Year-Old Ingredient May Hold the Key! | Animal Wellness Magazine

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    Every pet parent wants their dog or cat to stay active, happy, and healthy well into their senior years, and science is pointing to sialic acid as a secret to senior pet vitality.

    Nobody wants to see their beloved fur baby slow down as they age. Muscle loss, pain, cognitive decline, and a weakened immune system can all chip away at their vitality. But what if there were a single, natural solution that could address all four of these issues?

    Thanks to a groundbreaking product from Japan, there is! MIRANEST uses a proprietary blend of ingredients, including a centuries-old wellness secret derived from swiftlet nest, to help dogs and cats age with strength, comfort, and energy. Thousands of pet parents are already using MIRANEST to restore senior pet vitality, and here’s how it works.

    It Supports Muscle Health to Maintain Vigor

    As dogs and cats age, they naturally lose muscle mass and strength. This decline can lead to:

    • Reduced mobility
    • Weight gain
    • Stress on the bones and joints
    • Pain and inflammation

    As such, keeping your fur baby’s muscles strong is key when it comes to supporting vitality during their golden years.

    MIRANEST’s swiftlet nest extract is rich in sialic acid, one of eight essential glyconutrients, which supports muscle repair, growth, and maintenance, helping seniors stay strong and active.

    MIRANEST Manages Pain to Keep Activity Levels High

    Pain is one of the biggest barriers to senior pet vitality. It’s impossible for dogs and cats to feel their best and live their best lives when they’re experiencing discomfort or chronic pain because of conditions like osteoarthritis. In fact, it can stop them from engaging in their favorite activities, make stairs a challenge, and even prevent regular exercise.

    MIRANEST’s natural formula helps slow the progression of osteoarthritis and supports cartilage regeneration. This means more comfort, more mobility, and more of the joyful activities they love.

    It Prevents Cognitive Decline to Preserve Youthful Playfulness

    Cognitive decline can affect sleep, energy, playfulness, and activity levels, leading to stress, anxiety, withdrawal, and a lower quality of life.

    MIRANEST’s key ingredient, swiftlet nest extract, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects. It helps support brain function, keeping your fur baby mentally sharp and emotionally engaged well into their golden years.

    MIRANEST Protects the Immune System to Support Overall Health and Energy

    The immune system tends to weaken with age, leading to illness and inflammation that impact energy, mood, appetite, and overall quality of life. The sialic acid in MIRANEST products plays an important role in:

    • Controlling inflammation
    • Modulating the immune system
    • Protecting against pathogens

    By supporting immune function, MIRANEST helps dogs and cats stay resilient and full of life.

    Support Senior Pet Vitality with All-Natural MIRANEST!

    MIRANEST is made from cruelty-free, sustainably sourced swiftlet nest extract and plant-based ingredients. It provides all eight essential glyconutrients to naturally support senior pet vitality and health, from muscles and joints to immune and cognitive function.

    I’ve tried several supplements for my dog, but the MIRANEST Jelly Stick has been the most effective. After a few weeks, I noticed a significant improvement in my dog’s coat and energy levels. It’s easy to give, and he loves the taste. I’m definitely sticking with this one. – Grace

    Join the growing number of pet parents turning to MIRANEST to reduce allergy symptoms, treat hot spots, support vitality, and improve gut and immune health in as little as 30 days. Visit MIRANEST to learn more!


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    Animal Wellness is North America’s top natural health and lifestyle magazine for dogs and cats, with a readership of over one million every year. AW features articles by some of the most renowned experts in the pet industry, with topics ranging from diet and health related issues, to articles on training, fitness and emotional well being.

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    Animal Wellness

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  • Eating with Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism  | NutritionFacts.org

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    Is the apparent protection of plant-based diets for thyroid health due to the exclusion of animal foods, the benefits of plant foods, or both?

    Several autoimmune diseases affect the thyroid gland, and Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are the most common. Graves’ disease results in hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid gland. Though slaughter plants are supposed to remove animals’ thyroid glands as they “shall not be used for human food,” should some neck meat slip in, you can suffer a similar syndrome called Hamburger thyrotoxicosis. That isn’t from your body making too much thyroid hormone, though. Rather, it’s from your body eating too much thyroid hormone. Graves’ disease is much more common, and meat-free diets may be able to help with both diseases, as plant-based diets may be associated with a low prevalence of autoimmune disease in general, as observed, for example, in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Maybe it’s because plants are packed with “high amounts of antioxidants, possible protective factors against autoimmune disease,” or because they’re packed with anti-inflammatory compounds. After all, “consuming whole, plant-based foods is synonymous with an anti-inflammatory diet.” But you don’t know until you put it to the test.

    It turns out that the “exclusion of all animal foods was associated with half the prevalence of hyperthyroidism compared with omnivorous diets. Lacto-ovo [dairy-and-egg] and pesco [fish] vegetarian diets were associated with intermediate protection.” But, for those eating strictly plant-based, there is a 52 percent lower odds of hyperthyroidism.

    As I discuss in my video The Best Diet for Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism, this apparent protection “may be due to the exclusion of animal foods, the [beneficial] effects of plant foods, or both. Animal foods like meat, eggs, and dairy products may contain high oestrogen concentrations, which have been linked to autoimmunity in cell and animal studies.” Or it could be because the decrease in animal protein by excluding animal foods may downregulate IGF-1, which is not just a cancer-promoting growth hormone, but may play a role in autoimmune diseases. The protection could also come from the goodness in plants that may “protect cells against autoimmune processes,” like the polyphenol phytochemicals, such as flavonoids found in plant foods. Maybe it’s because environmental toxins build up in the food chain. For example, fish contaminated with industrial pollutants, like PCBs, are associated with an increased frequency of thyroid disorders.

    But what about the other autoimmune thyroid disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, which, assuming you’re getting enough iodine, is the primary cause of hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid gland? Graves’ disease wasn’t the only autoimmune disorder that was rare or virtually unknown among those living in rural sub-Saharan Africa, eating near-vegan diets. They also appeared to have less Hashimoto’s.

    There is evidence that those with Hashimoto’s have compromised antioxidant status, but we don’t know if it’s cause or effect. But if you look at the dietary factors associated with blood levels of autoimmune anti-thyroid antibodies, animal fats seem to be associated with higher levels, whereas vegetables and other plant foods are associated with lower levels. So, again, anti-inflammatory diets may be useful. It’s no surprise, as Hashimoto’s is an inflammatory disease—that’s what thyroiditis means: inflammation of the thyroid gland.

    Another possibility is the reduction in intake of methionine, an amino acid concentrated in animal protein, thought to be one reason why “regular consumption of whole-food vegan diets is likely to have a favourable influence on longevity through decreasing the risk of cancer, coronary [heart] disease, and diabetes.” Methionine restriction improves thyroid function in mice, but it has yet to be put to the test for Hashimoto’s in humans.

    If you compare the poop of patients with Hashimoto’s to controls, the condition appears to be related to a clear reduction in the concentration of Prevotella species. Prevotella are good fiber-eating bugs known to enhance anti-inflammatory activities. Decreased Prevotella levels are also something you see in other autoimmune conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. How do you get more Prevotella? Eat more plants. If a vegetarian goes on a diet of meat, eggs, and dairy, within as few as four days, their levels can drop. So, one would expect those eating plant-based diets to have less Hashimoto’s, but in a previous video, I expressed concern about insufficient iodine intake, which could also lead to hypothyroidism. So, which is it? Let’s find out.

    “In conclusion, a vegan diet tended to be associated with lower, not higher, risk of hypothyroid disease.” Why “tended”? The associated protection against hypothyroidism incidence and prevalence studies did not reach statistical significance. It wasn’t just because they were slimmer either. The lower risk existed even after controlling for body weight. So, researchers think it might be because animal products may induce inflammation. The question I have is: If someone who already has Hashimoto’s, what happens if they change their diet? That’s exactly what I’ll explore next.

    This is the third in a four-video series on thyroid function. The first two were Are Vegans at Risk for Iodine Deficiency? and Friday Favorites: The Healthiest Natural Source of Iodine.

    Stay tuned for the final video: Diet for Hypothyroidism: A Natural Treatment for Hashimoto’s Disease. 

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    Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

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  • Eating to Treat Crohn’s Disease  | NutritionFacts.org

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    Switching to a plant-based diet has been shown to achieve far better outcomes than those reported on conventional treatments for both active and quiescent stages of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis.

    Important to our understanding and the prevention of the global increase of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we know that “dietary fiber reduces risk, whereas dietary fat, animal protein, and sugar increase it.” “Despite the recognition of westernization of lifestyle as a major driver of the growing incidence of IBD, no countermeasures against such lifestyle changes have been recommended, except that patients with Crohn’s disease should not smoke.”

    We know that “consuming whole, plant-based foods is synonymous with an anti-inflammatory diet.” Lists of foods with inflammatory effects and anti-inflammatory effects are shown here and at 0:50 in my video, The Best Diet for Crohn’s Disease.

    How about putting a plant-based diet to the test?

    Cutting down on red and processed meats didn’t work, but what about cutting down on all meat? A 25-year-old man “with newly diagnosed CD…failed to enter clinical remission despite standard medical therapy. After switching to a diet based exclusively on grains, legumes [beans, split peas, chickpeas, and lentils], vegetables, and fruits, he entered clinical remission without need for medication and showed no signs of CD on follow-up colonoscopy.”

    It’s worth delving into some of the details. The conventional treatment he was started on is infliximab, sold as REMICADE®, which can cause a stroke and may increase our chances of getting lymphoma or other cancers. (It also costs $35,000 a year.) It may not even work in 35 to 40 percent of patients, and that seemed to be the case with the 25-year-old man. So, his dose was increased after 37 weeks, but he was still suffering after two years on the drug. Then he completely eliminated animal products and processed foods from his diet and finally experienced a complete resolution of his symptoms.

    “Prior to this, his diet had been the typical American diet, consisting of meat, dairy products, refined grains, processed foods, and modest amounts of vegetables and fruits. Having experienced complete clinical remission for the first time since his Crohn’s disease diagnosis, the patient decided to switch to a whole food, plant-based diet permanently, severely reducing his intake of processed foods and limiting animal products to one serving, or less, per week.” Whenever his diet slipped, his symptoms started coming back, but he could always eliminate them by eating healthier again. After six months adhering to these diet and lifestyle changes, including stress relief and exercise, a follow-up “demonstrated complete mucosal healing [of the gut lining] with no visible evidence of Crohn’s disease.”

    We know that “a diet consisting of whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables has been shown to be helpful in the prevention and treatment of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, gallbladder disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and many cancers. Although further research is required, this case report suggests that Crohn’s disease might be added to this list of conditions.” That further research has already been done! About 20 patients with Crohn’s disease were placed on a semi-vegetarian diet—no more than half a serving of fish once a week and half a serving of meat once every two weeks—and they achieved a 100 percent remission rate at one year and 90 percent at two years.

    Some strayed from the diet, though. What happened to them? As you can see below and at 3:32 in my video, after one year, half had relapsed, and, at year two, only 20 percent had remained in remission. But those who stuck with the semi-veg diet had remarkable success. It was a small study with no formal control group, but it represents the best-reported result in Crohn’s relapse prevention published in the medical literature to date. 

    Nowadays, Crohn’s patients are often treated with so-called biologic drugs, expensive injected antibodies that suppress the immune system. They have effectively induced and maintained remission in Crohn’s disease, but not in everybody. The current remission rate in Crohn’s with early use of REMICADE® is 64 percent. So, 30 to 40 percent of patients “are likely to experience a disabling disease course even after their first treatment.” What about adding a plant-based diet? Remission rates jumped up to 100 percent for those who didn’t have to drop out due to drug side effects. Even after excluding milder cases, researchers found that 100 percent of those with serious, even “severe/fulminant disease, achieved remission.”

    If we look at gold standard systematic reviews, they conclude that the effects of dietary interventions on inflammatory bowel diseases—Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis—are uncertain. However, this is because only randomized controlled trials were considered. That’s totally understandable, as that is the most rigorous study design. “Nevertheless, people with IBD deserve advice based on the ‘best available evidence’ rather than no advice at all…” And switching to a plant-based diet has been shown to achieve “far better outcomes” than those reported on conventional treatments in both active and quiescent stages in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. For example, below and at 5:37 in my video, you can see one-year remission rates in Crohn’s disease (100 percent) compared to budesonide, an immunosuppressant corticosteroid drug (30 to 40 percent), a half elemental diet, such as at-home tube feedings (64 percent), the $35,000-a-year drug REMICADE® (46 percent), or the $75,000-a-year drug Humira (57 percent). 

    Safer, cheaper, and more effective. That’s why some researchers have made the “recommendation of plant-based diets for inflammatory bowel disease.”

    It would seem clear that treatment based on addressing the cause of the disease is optimal. Spreading the word about healthier diets could help halt the scourge of inflammatory bowel disease, but how will people hear about this amazing research without some kind of public education campaign? That’s what NutritionFacts.org is all about.

    Doctor’s Note:

    This is the third in a series on inflammatory bowel disease. If you missed the first two, see Preventing Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Diet and The Best Diet for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment.

    My previous Crohn’s videos include Preventing Crohn’s Disease with Diet and Does Nutritional Yeast Trigger Crohn’s Disease?. 

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    Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

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  • Eating to Keep Ulcerative Colitis in Remission  | NutritionFacts.org

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    Plant-based diets can be 98 percent effective in keeping ulcerative colitis patients in remission, far exceeding the efficacy of other treatments.

    “One of the most common questions physicians treating patients with IBD [inflammatory bowel disease] are asked is whether changing diet could positively affect the course of their disease.” Traditionally, we had to respond that we didn’t know. That may now be changing, given the “evidence in the literature that hydrogen sulfide may play a role in UC,” ulcerative colitis. And, since the sulfur-containing amino acids concentrated in meat cause an increase in colonic levels of this rotten egg gas, perhaps we should “take off the meat.” Indeed, animal protein isn’t associated only with an increased risk of getting inflammatory bowel disease in the first place, but also IBD relapses once you have the disease.

    This is a recent development. “Because the concept of IBD as a lifestyle disease mediated mainly by a westernized diet is not widely appreciated, an analysis of diet in the follow-up period [after diagnosis] in relation to a relapse of IBD has been ignored”—but no longer. Ulcerative colitis patients in remission and their diets were followed for a year to see which foods were linked to the return of their bloody diarrhea. Researchers found that the “strongest relationship between a dietary factor and an increased risk of relapse observed in this study was for a high intake of meat,” as I discuss in my video The Best Diet for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment.

    What if people lower their intake of sulfur-containing amino acids by decreasing their consumption of animal products? Researchers tried this on four ulcerative colitis patients, and without any change in their medications, the patients experienced about a fourfold improvement in their loose stools. In fact, they felt so much better that the researchers didn’t think it was ethical to try switching the patients back to their typical diets. “Sulfur-containing amino acids are the primary source of dietary sulfur,” so a “low-sulfur” diet essentially means “a shift from a more traditional western diet (high in animal protein and fat, and low in fiber) to more of a plant-based diet (high in fiber, lower in animal protein and fat).” “Altogether, westernized diets are pro-inflammatory, and PBD [plant-based diets] are anti-inflammatory.”

    What can treatment with a plant-based diet do after the onset of ulcerative colitis during a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet? A 36-year-old man lost 13 pounds on a low-carb diet, but he also lost his health; he was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. When he was put on a diet centered around whole plant foods, his symptoms resolved without medication. He achieved remission. That was just one case, though. Case reports are akin to glorified anecdotes. The value of case reports lies in their ability to inspire researchers to put them to the test, and that’s exactly what they did.

    Until then, there had never been a study published that focused on using plant-based diets for treating ulcerative colitis. Wrote the researchers, a group of Japanese gastroenterologists, “We consider that the lack of a suitable diet is the biggest issue faced in the current treatment of IBD. We regard IBD as a lifestyle disease caused mainly by our omnivorous (Western) diet. We have been providing a plant-based diet (PBD) to all patients with IBD” for more than a decade and have published extraordinary results, far better than have been reported elsewhere in the medical literature to date. (I profiled some of their early work in one of the first videos that went up on NutritionFacts.org.) The researchers found a plant-based diet to be “effective in the maintenance of remission” in Crohn’s disease by 100 percent at one year and 90 percent at two years. What about a plant-based diet for relapse prevention in ulcerative colitis?

    “Educational hospitalization” involved bringing patients into the hospital to control their diet and educate them about the benefits of plant-based eating (so they’d be more motivated to continue it at home). “Most patients (77%) experienced some improvement, such as disappearance or decrease of bloody stool during hospitalization.” Fantastic!

    Here’s the really exciting part. The researchers then followed the patients for five years, and 81 percent of them remained in remission for the entire five years, and 98 percent kept the disease at bay for at least one year. That blows away other treatments. Those relapse rates are far lower than those reported with medication. Under conventional treatment, other studies found that about half of the individuals relapse, compared to only 2 percent of those taught to eat healthier.

    “A PBD was previously shown to be effective in both the active and quiescent stages of Crohn’s disease. The current study showed that a PBD is effective in both the active and quiescent stages of UC as well.” So, the researchers did another study on even more severely affected cases with active disease and found the same results, with plant-based eating beating conventional drug therapy by far. People felt so much better that they were still eating more plant-based food even six years later. The researchers conclude that a plant-based diet is effective for treating ulcerative colitis to prevent a relapse.

    Why? Well, plant-based diets are rich in fiber, which feeds our good gut bugs. “This observation might partly explain why a PBD prevents a variety of chronic diseases. Indeed, the same explanation applies to IBD, indicating that replacing an omnivorous diet with a PBD in IBD is the right approach.” 
     
    It’s like using plant-based diets to treat the cause of heart disease, our number one killer. Plant-based eating isn’t only safer and cheaper, but it also works better with no noted adverse side effects. Let’s compare that to the laundry list of side effects of immunosuppressants used for ulcerative colitis, like cyclosporine, which you can see below and at 5:40 in my video. 

    We now have even fancier drugs costing about $60,000 a year, about $5,000 a month, and they don’t even work very well; clinical remission at one year is only about 17 to 34 percent. And, instead of no adverse side effects, the drugs can give us a stroke, give us heart failure, and can even give us cancer, including a rare type of cancer that often results in death. Also, a serious brain disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, which can kill us, and for which there is no known treatment or cure. One drug lists an “increased risk of death” but touts that it’s just “a small pill” in an “easy-to-open bottle.” I’d skip the pills (and their potential side effects) and stick with plant-based eating.

    Doctor’s Note:

    If you missed the previous video, see Preventing Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Diet and stay tuned for The Best Diet for Crohn’s Disease Treatment, coming up next. 
     
    Check the related posts below for some older videos on IBD that may be of interest to you.

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    Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

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  • Foods That Disrupt Our Microbiome | NutritionFacts.org

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    Eating a diet filled with animal products can disrupt our microbiome faster than taking an antibiotic.

    If you search online for “Crohn’s disease and diet” or “ulcerative colitis and diet,” the top results are a hodgepodge of conflicting advice, as you can see below and at 0:15 in my video Preventing Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Diet. 

    What does science say? A systematic review of the medical literature on dietary intake and the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease finds that Crohn’s disease is associated with the intake of fat and meat, whereas dietary fiber and fruits appear protective. The same associations are seen with ulcerative colitis, the other major inflammatory bowel disease—namely, increased risk with fat and meat, and a protective association with vegetable intake. 

    Why, according to this meta-analysis of nine separate studies, do meat consumers have about a 50 percent greater risk for inflammatory bowel disease? One possibility is that meat may be a vehicle for bacteria that play a role in the development of such diseases. For instance, meat contains “huge amounts of Yersinia.” It’s possible that antibiotic residues in the meat itself could be theoretically mucking with our microbiome, but Yersinia are so-called psychotropic bacteria, meaning they’re able to grow at refrigerator temperatures, and they’ve been found to be significantly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This supports the concept that Yersinia infection may be a trigger of chronic IBD.

    Animal protein is associated with triple the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, but plant protein is not, as you can see below and at 1:39 in my video. Why? One reason is that animal protein can lead to the formation of toxic bacterial end products, such as hydrogen sulfide, the rotten egg gas. Hydrogen sulfide is not just “one of the main malodorous compounds in human flatus”; it is a “poison that has been implicated in ulcerative colitis.” So, if you go on a meat-heavy, low-carb diet, we aren’t talking just about some “malodorous rectal flatus,” but increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel syndrome (ulcerative colitis), and eventually, colorectal cancer. 

    Hydrogen sulfide in the colon comes from sulfur-containing amino acids, like methionine, that are concentrated in animal proteins. There are also sulfites added as preservatives to some nonorganic wine and nonorganic dried fruit, but the sulfur-containing amino acids may be the more important of the two. When researchers gave people increasing quantities of meat, there was an exponential rise in fecal sulfides, as seen here and at 2:37 in my video. 

    Specific bacteria, like Biophilia wadsworthia, can take this sulfur that ends up in our colon and produce hydrogen sulfide. Eating a diet based on animal products, packed with meat, eggs, and dairy, can specifically increase the growth of this bacteria. People underestimate the dramatic effect diet can have on our gut bacteria. As shown below and at 3:12 in my video, when people are given a fecal transplant, it can take three days for their microbiome to shift. Take a powerful antibiotic like Cipro, and it can take a week. But if we start eating a diet heavy in meat and eggs, within a single day, our microbiome can change—and not for the better. The bad bacterial machinery that churns out hydrogen sulfide can more than double, and this is consistent with the thinking that “diet-induced changes to the gut microbiota [flora] may contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease.” In other words, the increase in sulfur compounds in the colon when we eat meat “is not only of interest in the field of flatology”—the study of human farts—“but may also be of importance in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis…” 

    Doctor’s Note:

    This is the first in a three-part video series. Stay tuned for The Best Diet for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment and The Best Diet for Crohn’s Disease Treatment. 

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    Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

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  • Can Cannabis Help During Flu Season

    Can Cannabis Help During Flu Season

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    The cold weather is arriving and with it comes flu season…but maybe a type of cannabis can help.

    The days are getting shorter and the weather a bit more difficult. Which drives people indoors and provides a great chance of catching something – like the flu. People packed together along with cold, dry air, which can weaken resistance, make it easier to catch the virus. But can cannabis help during flu season? As interest in natural remedies grows, many are exploring cannabis as a complementary option for managing discomfort during illness.

    Studies show cannabis contains compounds with anti-inflammatory properties, which some believe could help alleviate flu symptoms. It can also help manage flu symptoms like pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. A key factor is how to consume and the dosage amount.  Smoking, including vaping, can aggravate the virus and the lungs.  The most soothing way would be via edibles, like gummies, or tincture/oils.
    Photo by Tinnakorn Jorruang/Getty Images

    Pain Relief – Cannabinoids like THC and CBD have analgesic properties that may help alleviate body aches and headaches associated with the flu. By binding to pain receptors, cannabis can reduce the perception of pain and provide comfort.

    Anti-Inflammatory Effects – The flu triggers inflammation as part of the immune response. CBD, in particular, is known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, This may help reduce swelling and discomfort in the respiratory tract.

    Sleep Aid – Getting adequate rest is crucial for recovery. Cannabis, especially strains high in THC, can have sedative effects that may help those struggling with flu-related insomnia

    Appetite Stimulation – The “munchies” effect of cannabis could be beneficial for flu patients experiencing reduced appetite. Maintaining proper nutrition is important for the body’s healing process.

    Interestingly, some research indicates that cannabis may offer temporary respiratory relief.  It might help with bronchodilatation. Infrequent cannabis use has been shown to open airways for 15-60 minutes, potentially easing shortness of breath. Cannabis may act as an expectorant, helping to clear phlegm from the lungs and throat.

    Cannabis may offer a natural approach to managing some flu symptoms, particularly pain, inflammation, and sleep disturbances. However, it’s not a replacement for proper medical care, hydration and rest. As research continues, there will develop a clearer understanding of how cannabis interacts with the immune system during viral infections. Always talk with a health professional if you have flu or flu like symptoms.

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    Amy Hansen

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  • DIY Pore Strips: Why Experts Say To Avoid + What To Do Instead

    DIY Pore Strips: Why Experts Say To Avoid + What To Do Instead

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    First, a note on pore strips: Even store-bought strips can be, well, stripping. As board-certified dermatologist Hadley King, M.D., has previously told mbg, they can cause irritation if you’re not super careful. “The adhesive can traumatize the skin, so be sure to use them carefully and follow the instructions,” she says. And sure, peeling off a pore strip might feel pretty satisfying, but they don’t actually do anything to stop those blackheads from dusting your nose. “Pore strips can temporarily remove top layers of dead skin cells, but they won’t do anything to prevent the buildup of blackheads,” King adds. (To get to the root of those plugs, a good exfoliation routine is your best bet). 

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  • Why You May Be Waking Up With A Puffy Face, From MDs

    Why You May Be Waking Up With A Puffy Face, From MDs

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    Most people will wake up with a puffy face occasionally. Often this is caused by fluid buildup, a cold, or a hangover, but it could be a sneaky sign of something else if it sticks around. To come, three possible reasons your morning puffiness won’t budge, plus how to dial down the swelling.

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  • Plasma: The Ingredient Your Dog or Cat Shouldn’t Miss Out On! | Animal Wellness Magazine

    Plasma: The Ingredient Your Dog or Cat Shouldn’t Miss Out On! | Animal Wellness Magazine

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    As a loving pet parent, your goal is to provide your dog or cat with healthy and nutritious treats while making it a fun and tasty experience. Plasma is a functional ingredient that tastes great and supports canine and feline health. You can find it in supplements and delicious treats like the Woof Pupsicle Pop Pack! Learn about plasma and how you can enter to win a Woof Pupsicle Pop Pack of your own!

    As a pet parent, you want the best for your furry companions, and that means finding treats and supplements that are tasty AND beneficial for health. But palatability is key. After all, if your furry friend won’t eat it, it won’t do them any good! Fortunately, there’s a growing trend in pet nutrition that combines deliciousness with functional benefits: plasma-based ingredients. You can find plasma in Woof Pupsicle Pops, and APC is giving away a Woof Pupsicle Pop Pack to one lucky dog parent!

    4 Reasons to Choose Tasty Treats with Plasma!

    When it comes to choosing treats and supplements for your dog or cat, be sure to read labels and look for high-quality, wholesome ingredients. They’ll help deliver health benefits to ensure that your furry friend enjoys delicious snacks that also sneak in those essential nutrients. One innovative option gaining popularity is products that include plasma proteins. Here are four reasons plasma stands out:

    1. Nutritional Support: Rich in high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that support overall health.
    2. Digestive Health: Highly digestible functional proteins promote nutrient absorption and gut health.
    3. Flavor Enhancement: Naturally meaty profile improves palatability, making treats and supplements more appealing.
    4. Immune System Boost: Key components in plasma help with immune response, providing protection against stressors.
    The complex mixture of functional proteins found in plasma.

    Pup Tested, Pup Approved: Introducing the Woof Pupsicle Pop Pack!

    If you’re looking to try something new – check out Woof’s new Pupsicle Pops today and give your dog a treat they’re sure to love! This award-winning product features a blend of health promoting ingredients, including plasma.

    Whether you want to reward good behavior, provide an enrichment activity, or support your pup’s overall wellness, Woof’s Pupsicle Pops are an excellent choice. Available in a variety of options:

    • Calming Wellness Pops
    • All-in-1, Hip & Joint Pops
    • Allergy & Immunity, Beef Pops
    • Chicken Pops

    There’s something to delight every dog, even the pickiest of eaters! These pops will quickly become a staple in your pet care routine.

    Win a Woof Pupsicle Pop Pack!

    APC is excited to give you a chance to treat your fur baby to a delicious and nutritious Woof Pupsicle Pop Pack! Don’t miss out on this chance to delight your pup!

    ENTER NOW!


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    Animal Wellness is North America’s top natural health and lifestyle magazine for dogs and cats, with a readership of over one million every year. AW features articles by some of the most renowned experts in the pet industry, with topics ranging from diet and health related issues, to articles on training, fitness and emotional well being.

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    Animal Wellness

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  • Eating an Anti-Inflammatory Diet for Lupus  | NutritionFacts.org

    Eating an Anti-Inflammatory Diet for Lupus  | NutritionFacts.org

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    Green smoothies are put to the test for the autoimmune disease lupus.

    There are dozens and dozens of journals I try to stay on top of every month, and one I always anticipate is The International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention, a peer-reviewed medical “journal created to document the science of nutrition and lifestyle to prevent, suspend and reverse disease,” with an editor-in-chief no less prestigious than Dr. Kim Williams, past president of the American College of Cardiology. I was honored to join its editorial advisory board, along with so many of my heroes. The best part? It’s free. Go to IJDRP.org and put in your email to subscribe at no cost, and you’ll be alerted when new issues are out, which you can download in full in PDF form. (Did I mention it’s free?)

    When it comes to chronic lifestyle diseases, wrote Dr. Williams, “Instead of preventing chronic lifestyle diseases, we [doctors] manage. Never cure, just mitigate. Why? Because of finance, culture, habit, and tradition.” There are many of us, though, who “envision a world where trillions of dollars are not spent on medical care that should never have been necessary, but rather on infrastructure, environment, education, and advancing science. For this reason, comes The International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention (IJDRP).” After all, wrote the journal’s co-founder, “Without data, you’re just another person with an opinion.”

    To give you a taste of the journal: How about pitting plants against one of the most inflammatory diseases out there—lupus, an autoimmune disease in which your body can start attacking your DNA? Kidney inflammation is a common consequence, and even with our armamentarium of immunosuppressant drugs and steroids, lupus-induced kidney inflammation can lead to end-stage renal disease, which means dialysis, and even death. That is, unless you pack your diet with some of the most anti-inflammatory foods out there and your kidney function improves so much you no longer need dialysis or a kidney transplant. Another similar case was presented with a resolution in symptoms and normal kidney function, unless the patient deviated from the diet and his symptoms then reappeared.

    As I discuss in my video Anti-Inflammatory Diet for Lupus, even just cutting out animal products can make a difference. Researchers randomized people to remove meat, eggs, and dairy from their diets without significantly increasing fruit and vegetable intake and found that doing just that can lower C-reactive protein levels by nearly a third within eight weeks, as you can see below and at 2:21 in my video. (Our C-reactive protein level is a sensitive indicator of whole-body inflammation.)

    But with lupus, the researchers didn’t mess around. Each day, the study subjects were to eat a pound of leafy greens and cruciferous vegetables like kale, fruits like berries, and lots of chia or flax, and drink a gallon of water. We’re talking about a green smoothie diet to extinguish lupus flares. (Note, though, that if your kidneys are already compromised, this should be done under physician supervision so they can monitor your electrolytes like potassium and make sure you don’t get overloaded with fluid.) Bottom line? With such remarkable improvements due to dietary changes alone, the hope is that researchers will take up the mantle and formally put it to the test. 

    Reversals of autoimmune inflammatory skin disease can be particularly striking visually. A woman with a 35-year history of psoriasis that had been unsuccessfully managed for 19 years with drugs suffered from other autoimmune conditions, including Sjogren’s syndrome. She was put on an extraordinarily healthy diet packed with greens and other vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, avocados, and some whole grains, and boom! Within one year, she went from 40 percent of her entire body surface area inflamed and affected down to 0 percent, completely clear, and, as a bonus, her Sjogren’s symptoms resolved, too, while helping to normalize her weight and cholesterol. You can see before and after photos below and at 3:39 in my video. 

    I think I only have one other video on lupus: Fighting Lupus with Turmeric: Good as Gold. It’s not for lack of trying, though. There just hasn’t been much research out there.

    I talk about another autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes, in Type 1 Diabetes Treatment: A Plant-Based Diet.

    To read and subscribe—for free—to The International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention, visit www.IJDRP.org.

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    Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

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  • The Largest Study on Fasting in the World  | NutritionFacts.org

    The Largest Study on Fasting in the World  | NutritionFacts.org

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    The Buchinger-modified fasting program is put to the test.

    A century ago, fasting—“starvation, as a therapeutic measure”—was described as “the ideal measure for the human hog…” (Fat shaming is not a new invention in the medical literature.) I’ve covered fasting for weight loss extensively in a nine-video series, but what about all the other purported benefits? I also have a video series on fasting for hypertension, but what about psoriasis, eczema, type 2 diabetes, lupus, metabolic disorder, rheumatoid arthritis, other autoimmune disorders, depression, and anxiety? Why hasn’t it been tested more?

    One difficulty with fasting research is: What do you mean by fasting? When I think of fasting, I think of water-only fasting, but, in Europe, they tend to practice “modified therapeutic fasting,” also known as Buchinger fasting, which is more like a very low-calorie juice fasting with some vegetable broth. Some forms of fasting may not even cut calories at all. As you can see below and at 1:09 in my video The World’s Largest Fasting Study, Ramadan fasting, for example, is when devout Muslims abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sunset, yet, interestingly, they end up eating the same amount—or even more food—overall.

    The largest study on fasting to date was published in 2019. More than a thousand individuals were put through a modified fast, cutting daily intake down to about ten cups of water, a cup of fruit juice, and a cup of vegetable soup. They reported very few side effects. In contrast, the latest water-only fasting data from a study that involved half as many people reported nearly 6,000 adverse effects. Now, the modified fasting study did seem to try to undercount adverse effects by only counting reported symptoms if they were repeated three times. However, adverse effects like nausea, feeling faint, upset stomach, vomiting, or palpitations were “observed only in single cases,” whereas the water-only fasting study reported about 100 to 200 of each, as you can see below and at 2:05 in my video. What about the benefits though?

    In the modified fasting study, participants self-reported improvements in physical and emotional well-being, along with a surprising lack of hunger. What’s more, the vast majority of those who came in with a pre-existing health complaint reported feeling better, with less than 10 percent stating that their condition worsened, as you can see in the graph below and at 2:24 in my video. 

    However, the study participants didn’t just fast; they also engaged in a lifestyle program, which included being on a plant-based diet before and after the modified fast. If only the researchers had had some study participants follow the healthier, plant-based diet without the fast to tease out fasting’s effects. Oh, but they did! About a thousand individuals fasted for a week on the same juice and vegetable soup regimen and others followed a normocaloric (normal calorie) vegetarian diet.

    As you can see below and at 2:54 in my video, both groups experienced significant increases in both physical and mental quality of life, and, interestingly, there was no significant difference between the groups.

    In terms of their major health complaints—including rheumatoid arthritis; chronic pain syndromes, like osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and back pain; inflammatory and irritable bowel disease; chronic pulmonary diseases; and migraine and chronic tension-type headaches—the fasting group appeared to have an edge, but both groups did well, with about 80 percent reporting improvements in their condition and only about 4 percent reporting feeling worse, as you can see below and at 3:25 in my video. 

    Now, this was not a randomized study; people chose which treatment they wanted to follow. So, maybe, for example, those choosing fasting were sicker or something. Also, the improvements in quality of life and disease status were all subjective self-reporting, which is ripe for placebo effects. There was no do-nothing control group, and the response rates to the follow-up quality of life surveys were only about 60 to 70 percent, which also could have biased the results. But extended benefits are certainly possible, given they all tended to improve their diets, as you can see below and at 4:00 in my video.

    They ate more fruits and vegetables, and less meats and sweets, and therein may lie the secret. “Principally, the experience of fasting may support motivation for lifestyle change. Most fasters experience clarity of mind and feel a ‘letting go’ of past actions and experiences and thus may develop a more positive attitude toward the future.”

    As a consensus panel of fasting experts concluded, “Nutritional therapy (theory and practice) is a vital and integral component of fasting. After the fasting therapy and refeeding period, nutrition should follow the recommendations/concepts of a…plant-based whole-food diet…”

    If you missed the previous video, check out The Benefits of Fasting for Healing.

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    Michael Greger M.D. FACLM

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  • This Common Ingredient Wreaks Havoc On The Gut, Study Shows

    This Common Ingredient Wreaks Havoc On The Gut, Study Shows

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    Researchers say it could cause irreparable damage.

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  • Enhance Your Dog’s or Cat’s Health at All Life Stages with Plasma! | Animal Wellness Magazine

    Enhance Your Dog’s or Cat’s Health at All Life Stages with Plasma! | Animal Wellness Magazine

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    Pet parents are more committed than ever to providing their animal companions with top-notch care, and you can support health and wellness at every life stage with plasma-based ingredients.  

    Plasma is the liquid component of blood. It contains functional proteins that support health when included in food, treats, and supplements for dogs and cats. While the nutritional needs of dogs and cats change from puppyhood/kittenhood, adulthood, and the senior years, plasma-based ingredients have proven benefits at every life stage. Let’s learn more about the role of plasma in canine and feline diets and how to find the right products for your dog or cat.

    Managing Inflammation with Plasma-Derived Proteins 

    Dogs and cats face various stressors throughout their lives. That can include minor illnesses and injuries as well as surgeries and the natural aging process. A common factor in these stressors is inflammation—the immune system’s natural defense mechanism that protects the body. While inflammation helps heal and defend the body, long-term inflammation can lead to ongoing health issues. Plasma helps to modulate inflammation at its source and helps the immune system respond more effectively. This makes it a valuable addition to your dog’s or cat’s diet at any age.

    Whole-Body Support at Every Age with Plasma  

    Playful puppies/kittens, active adults, and wise seniors have unique needs. In fact, your dog’s or cat’s nutritional needs will change over the years. But at every age, it’s vital to choose foods, treats, and supplements that support overall health and aid in managing gut health.

    Developmental Support for Young Animals 

    For growing puppies and kittens, optimal nutrition is essential for healthy development. Plasma provides essential proteins and amino acids that support growth while also modulating intestinal inflammation. By maintaining a healthy intestinal barrier, plasma ensures proper nutrient absorption, which is crucial for the development of strong bones and muscles.

    Health Maintenance for Adults 

    Environmental changes, dietary adjustments, and activity levels are all stressors that can impact the health of adult animals. Plasma’s functional proteins support the overall immune system, helping adult animals cope with stress and inflammation. This support enables them to remain active and enjoy a higher quality of life.

    Support for Seniors 

    As dogs and cats age, they often experience increased levels of inflammation. This can lead to reduced mobility, cognitive decline, and compromised intestinal health. Plasma helps manage systemic and intestinal inflammation, supporting better mobility, cognitive function and overall well-being. When you incorporate plasma into their diet, aging dogs and cats can enjoy a more comfortable and fulfilling life.

    Make a Proactive Investment in Your Fur Baby’s Health 

    Plasma is a natural ingredient that enhances nutrition, helps manage inflammation, and supports your dog’s or cat’s well-being throughout their life. From aiding growth in young dogs and cats to maintaining health in adults and easing the effects of aging for seniors, plasma offers comprehensive benefits that ensure your beloved companion enjoys a happy, healthy life at every stage. Just look for food, treats, and supplements with plasma in the ingredients!


    Animal Wellness is North America’s top natural health and lifestyle magazine for dogs and cats, with a readership of over one million every year. AW features articles by some of the most renowned experts in the pet industry, with topics ranging from diet and health related issues, to articles on training, fitness and emotional well being.

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    Animal Wellness

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  • The 8 Best Products From The Ordinary To Use Right Now

    The 8 Best Products From The Ordinary To Use Right Now

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    If it’s a smooth, even complexion that you’re after, look no further than this exfoliating serum. As an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), lactic acid exfoliates skin mildly by sloughing away dead skin cells for a brighter finish. At the same time, Tasmanian pepperberry helps to calm and combat any irritation caused by the chemical exfoliant. However, we do want to note that if you do have extremely sensitive skin, you’ll want to be careful when using this serum. Even though it is gentle with calming ingredients, it still contains a high concentration of AHA. If you have sensitive skin and still want to give it a try, we recommend diluting with soothing treatments that might contain calming ingredients like green tea or aloe vera.

    Good for: Very oily or acne-prone skin | Use: Nightly 

    Lactic Acid 10% + HA 2% Exfoliating Serum, The Ordinary ($6.80)

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  • This Super-Common Supplement May Harm Gut Health, Study Suggests

    This Super-Common Supplement May Harm Gut Health, Study Suggests

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    Just toss it now.

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  • This Ingredient Gets An A+ For Fighting Inflammation—Here's How To Use It

    This Ingredient Gets An A+ For Fighting Inflammation—Here's How To Use It

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    I put it on everything!

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  • Does Coffee Cause Inflammation? Doctors Explain The Impacts

    Does Coffee Cause Inflammation? Doctors Explain The Impacts

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    Some days (most days), the thought of coffee is the only thing that gets me out of bed in the morning. And if you try to talk to me before I’ve had my first cup? Forget about it. But while there’s certainly a comfort factor to a steaming (or iced, if that’s the way you roll) cup of joe, there’s also a lot of discussion about how coffee can fit (or whether it does fit) into a healthy lifestyle. 

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  • Calendula Tea Benefits & The Best Ways To Sip It

    Calendula Tea Benefits & The Best Ways To Sip It

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    Good news: calendula isn’t known for having many adverse side effects. It is possible, though, that this herb could cause an allergic reaction, especially in people with known allergies to marigolds or plants in the Asteraceae family. It might also interfere with certain medications, like sedatives, blood pressure meds, or medications for diabetes. If you’re concerned, check with your doctor about potential contraindications before plunking down your cash on calendula.

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  • 8 Sneaky Places Where Your Inflammation Could Be Hiding

    8 Sneaky Places Where Your Inflammation Could Be Hiding

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    Your liver, lymphatic system, kidneys, and gallbladder are largely responsible for detoxification as well as processing and removing toxins like alcohol, pesticides, mold mycotoxins, and the waste products of your own metabolism. If your detoxification system is impaired by inflammation, toxins can build up in your body further perpetuating inflammation and causing swelling, rashes, pain, and damage to your organs.

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