Humain CEO Tareq Amin’s $3 billion investment in xAI positions Saudi Arabia at the center of a rapidly shifting global A.I. power structure. Photo by Amal Alhasan/Getty Images for Fortune Media
Tareq Amin, CEO of Saudi Arabia’s largest A.I. company, Humain, has been on a dealmaking blitz since taking the helm of the Kingdom’s national A.I. initiative last year. His latest move: a $3 billion investment in Elon Musk’s xAI. The investment was made during xAI’s $20 billion fundraising round in January, Humain announced today (Feb. 18). The raise came just weeks before xAI merged with Musk’s SpaceX earlier this month, as Musk consolidates his A.I., communications and space ambitions ahead of a widely anticipated IPO.
Founded in 2025 by Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman and backed by Saudi Arabia’s massive sovereign wealth fund, the Public Investment Fund. Humain sits at the center of the Kingdom’s push to diversify its economy beyond oil. A core part of that mandate: building sovereign A.I. infrastructure at home.
The xAI stake is the latest example of Humain’s ability to “deploy meaningful capital behind exceptional opportunities where long-term vision, technical excellence and execution converge,” said Amin in a statement. Amin, who previously led Aramco Digital and Japan’s Rakuten Mobile, has spent the past several months striking blockbuster partnerships with U.S. tech heavyweights, including Nvidia, AMD, Cisco, Amazon Web Services and Groq (not xAI’s chatbot Grok).
Humain did not respond to requests for comment from Observer.
Most of the partnerships are focused on expanding Saudi Arabia’s data center footprint and compute capacity. A joint venture with AMD and Cisco, for example, aims to build domestic A.I. infrastructure capable of powering up to one gigawatt.
xAI’s relationship with Humain dates back to November, when the companies unveiled plans for a 500-megawatt data center in Saudi Arabia. The facility—xAI’s first outside the U.S.—will run on Nvidia chips and deploy the company’s Grok models across the Kingdom.
Humain’s deepening ties to xAI underscore a broader realignment in global A.I. alliances, with Gulf states emerging as critical capital providers and infrastructure hubs for American developers. In November, Humain and the United Arab Emirates’ A.I. company, G42, received U.S. approval to acquire up to 35,000 advanced A.I. chips each, marking a sharp reversal from earlier semiconductor export restrictions.
The Emirati-backed MGX has participated in large fundraising rounds for xAI, OpenAI and Anthropic, while Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund earlier this week joined Anthropic’s new $380 billion Series G financing—further cementing the Middle East’s growing influence over the future of A.I.
Technology’s new origin stories are emerging from hubs in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, India and Africa. Unsplash+
Since the 1960s, the story of technology has followed a familiar pattern. Innovation emerged in Silicon Valley garages, Boston laboratories or European cafés and gradually spread worldwide. Today, that pattern is changing. The future of tech is being equally developed in Abu Dhabi, Riyadh, Bengaluru and Jakarta. Innovation is decentralizing, and not only in terms of infrastructure and investment but also through culture, religion and sovereignty. This new center of gravity is changing whose values will define the tools that the world will use tomorrow.
The Gulf’s ambitious tech push
The United Arab Emirates has quickly become one of the most assertive new players. In May, during President Trump’s visit, Abu Dhabi announced the release of Stargate UAE, a 10-square-mile A.I. campus spearheaded by G42. Once fully operational, it will be one of the largest A.I.-centered campuses in the world, with a planned five-gigawatt capacity and an initial 200-megawatt phase set for 2026.
Stargate will accommodate hundreds of thousands of advanced chips and is strategically located within a two-thousand-mile range of nearly half the global population. Framed as a U.S.-UAE partnership, the agreement eases previous export restrictions and charts a path for safe deployment. Cisco, SoftBank and American chipmakers have pledged support, signaling the UAE’s ambition to be not just a technology consumer but also a global authority in the A.I. ecosystem. The point was made plainly: Abu Dhabi is positioning itself as both a setter and consumer of standards.
The UAE push extends beyond hardware. It has invested billions in A.I.-driven government services designed to make public administration more predictive and efficient, including systems that assist civil servants in rapidly revising regulations. Language is also central to this strategy. The open model, Falcon Arabic, adapted to the nuances of the Arabic language, is a technological and cultural declaration. In the UAE, innovation is no longer about catching up. It’s about authorship, rooted in identity and scaled through global collaboration.
Saudi Arabia is making its own similarly bold statement. The Public Investment Fund (PIF) launched HUMAIN this year, a sovereign A.I. developing an entire stack of data centers, cloud infrastructure, language models and consumer applications. Already, the locally produced Allam-based Humain Chat serves millions of Arabic- and English-speaking users, with customized guardrails to reflect local values. More than a chatbot, this is an assertion of cultural and linguistic sovereignty.
The Kingdom supports this vision through funding and equipment. At LEAP 2025, American chipmaker that specializes in ultra-fast inference, Groq, announced a $1.5 billion expansion in Saudi Arabia, backed by the PIF. The initial large-scale HUMAIN data centers in Riyadh and Dammam, each with 100-megawatt capacity, will be launched in 2026. Alongside nearly $15 billion in additional A.I. investments announced concurrently, these steps indicate that Saudi Arabia’s goal is to become a compute powerhouse rather than a passive participant. Once talent can leverage local infrastructure in their own language, the innovation pipeline can begin at home.
India’s integration of tech with culture
India presents a complementary, yet distinct, vision. Digital products have transformed everyday life across the country. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) currently processes over 20 billion transactions monthly, enabling small ideas to scale rapidly in a nation of 1.4 billion people. During the 2025 Mahakumbh pilgrimage, A.I. tools managed flows to the tune of millions, with multilingual assistants helping navigate complex rituals. These examples illustrate how India integrates technology with cultural and religious life, making it feel less like an import and more like a facilitator of tradition. The IndiaAI Mission, a $1.2 billion initiative supporting shared compute and multilingual models, reduces barriers for startups and researchers nationwide. The resulting ecosystem combines scale, meaning and diversity, illustrating how technology can be adapted in local contexts while still fostering innovation.
Africa and the broader Global South
Decentralization extends beyond South Asia and the Gulf. Kenya’s Konza Technopolis in Nairobi is emerging as an intelligent city supporting startups, academia and research. Yet some of the regions’ most radical innovations are rural: A.I. tools assist farmers in forecasting weather and crop yields amid volatile climatic conditions.
In Nigeria, hubs in Lagos and Ilorin support startups designing voice systems attuned to African accents. These systems help deliver healthcare services or financial tools to farmers in local dialects. While these initiatives may appear modest in comparison to a five-gigawatt A.I. campus, they share a common DNA: locally relevant innovation aimed at solving real-world problems.
Across these regions, there is a common thread. Decentralization is not just the geographic spread of technology. It is the reshaping of technology itself. The Hajj in Makkah provides key lessons in crowd management, which have applications in emergency systems across the globe. India’s street market payment rails have become benchmarks for emerging economies. African voice tools expand inclusivity. Influence spreads because these innovations are practical and culturally attuned.
Challenges and the road ahead
Hurdles remain. Infrastructure must be built, maintained and operated effectively. Laws must protect privacy and rights without choking development. Talent pipelines require years to mature. Yet the trajectory is evident: projects like Stargeate and HUMAIN are not isolated experiments. They’re declarations that new centers of gravity in tech have arrived. India, Kenya and Nigeria show that cultural context—faith, language, community—is not an inhibitor of innovation, but a guide.
The decentralization of innovation signals a paradigm shift. Global technology will no longer emerge solely from historic powerhouses. Instead, it will reflect diverse cultural and social priorities, embedding meaning and relevance into the very tools that shape our future.
Yousef Khalili is the Global Chief Transformation Officer and CEO MEA at Quant, which develops cutting-edge digital employee technology.
Companies with AI chatbots love to highlight their capability as translators, but they still default to English, both in function and in the information they are trained on. With that in mind, Humain, an AI company in Saudi Arabia, has now launched an Arabic-native chatbot.
The bot, called Humain Chat, runs on the Allam large language model, according to Bloomberg, which the company claims was trained on “one of the largest Arabic datasets ever assembled” and is the “world’s most advanced Arabic-first AI model.” The company says that it is not only fluent in the Arabic language, but also in “Islamic culture, values and heritage.” (If you have religious concerns about using Humain Chat, consult your local Imam.) The chatbot, which will be made available as an app, will first be available only in Saudi Arabia and currently supports bilingual conversations in Arabic and English, supporting dialects including Egyptian and Lebanese. The plan is for the app to roll out across the Middle East and eventually go global, with the goal of serving the nearly 500 million Arabic-speaking people across the world.
Humain took on Allam and the chatbot project after it was started by the Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority, a government agency and tech regulator. For that reason, Bloomberg raises the possibility that Humain Chat may comply with censorship requests of the Saudi government and restrict the kind of information made available to users.
But we also should probably start explicitly framing American AI tools this way, too. Within its support documents, OpenAI explicitly states that ChatGPT is “skewed towards Western views.” Hell, you can watch Elon Musk try to fine-tune the ideology of xAI’s Grok in real time as he responds to Twitter users who think the chatbot is too woke—an effort that, at one point, led to Grok referring to itself as “MechaHitler.”
There’s certainly a difference between corporate and government control (though, increasingly, it’s worth asking if there actually is that big of a difference), but earlier this year, the Trump administration set out plans to regulate the kinds of things large language models are allowed to output if the companies that make them want federal contracts. That includes requirements to “reject radical climate dogma” and be free from “ideological biases” like “diversity, equity, and inclusion.” It’s not force, but it is coercion—and given that OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google have all given their chatbots to the government for basically nothing, it seems like they are more than happy to be coerced.
