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  • 27 of the Best Beet Varieties to Grow at Home | Gardener’s Path

    If you’re shopping around for white varieties to plant, you may come across some seed packets labeled as either “sugar” or “forage” beets, possibly sold at a bulk or wholesale price.

    That’s because white beets are grown commercially either for processing into sugar or for use as livestock feed.

    Both can be eaten like any other type of beet when the roots are young and small, and their greens are delicious.

    Ready to dig in?

    1. Avalanche

    ‘Avalanche’ is an open-pollinated white cultivar with a sweet, mild flavor.

    An All-America Selections winner in 2015, the creamy-white roots have all the sweetness of a red beet with no hint of bitterness.

    The mild flavor and crunchy texture makes them ideal for slicing raw in salads, and they are delicious roasted or added to soups and stews.

    ‘Avalanche’ will convert even the most vocal beet-haters in your family into fans. My tip: pretend it’s not a beet when you prepare these.

    Another advantage? You don’t have to worry about red stains all over your hands and chopping board!

    A close up vertical image of freshly harvested 'Avalanche' beets, a white variety, set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Avalanche’

    Round roots are best harvested when they are two to three inches in diameter, after about 50 days. The light green tops can be enjoyed sauteed as a side dish.

    You can find seeds available at Burpee.

    2. Boldor

    ‘Boldor’ is an open-pollinated golden beet that matures in 55 to 60 days.

    It produces smooth, round roots about three to four inches across with bright golden flesh that keeps its color when cooked.

    Upright, pale green tops with golden stems add ornamental appeal and are good for cooking as greens.

    A square image of golden 'Boldor' roots in a bunch on a wooden surface with thin slices to the right of them.A square image of golden 'Boldor' roots in a bunch on a wooden surface with thin slices to the right of them.

    ‘Boldor’

    The roots are tender and sweet, excellent for roasting, juicing, or enjoying fresh in salads.

    You can find seeds available from High Mowing Organic Seeds in a variety of packet sizes.

    3. Boltardy

    Maturing in about 60 days, ‘Boltardy’ holds the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.

    Roots are deep crimson, round, and roughly two and a half to three inches across.

    This heirloom variety is highly bolt-resistant, making it perfect for early spring sowing or succession planting.

    A square image of a bunch of freshly harvested 'Boltardy' beets set on a wooden surface. On the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo with text.A square image of a bunch of freshly harvested 'Boltardy' beets set on a wooden surface. On the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo with text.

    ‘Boltardy’

    The flavor is sweet and fine-textured, ideal for canning, pickling, or slicing raw in salads.

    Pick up ‘Boltardy’ seeds in a variety of package sizes from True Leaf Market.

    4. Boro

    ‘Boro’ is a fast-maturing hybrid that delivers smooth, dark-red roots in just 50 days.

    The roots measure about two to six inches across at harvest and have deep red flesh with high juice content.

    Above the ground, vigorous upright tops make a good, edible cut-and-come-again green.

    A bunch of freshly harvested and cleaned 'Boro' beets set on a wooden surface with a small slice showing the interior flesh.A bunch of freshly harvested and cleaned 'Boro' beets set on a wooden surface with a small slice showing the interior flesh.

    ‘Boro’

    With crisp texture and mild sweet flavor, the roots are excellent for roasting, grilling, or adding color to salads.

    You can find ‘Boro’ seeds available in a variety of packet sizes from High Mowing Organic Seeds.

    5. Bull’s Blood

    This heirloom cultivar was developed from the French variety ‘Crapaudine’ and introduced in 1986.

    Deep purple leaves can be harvested as microgreens to add color to salads, or sauteed like Swiss chard.

    Roots are deep red, with a sweet, slightly earthy flavor and no hint of bitterness – especially when harvested young.

    A close up of freshly harvested 'Bulls Blood' 'beets set on a wooden table outdoors.A close up of freshly harvested 'Bulls Blood' 'beets set on a wooden table outdoors.

    ‘Bull’s Blood’

    Roots mature in 55 days and tops can be harvested after just 30 days.

    You can find seeds available at Eden Brothers.

    6. Chioggia

    Also known as ‘Candystripe,’ ‘Dulce di Chioggia,’ or ‘Bull’s Eye,’ this eye-catching heirloom cultivar takes its name from a small fishing town near Venice, in Italy.

    From the outside, it has an unremarkable, round “beety” look. But slice it open and ‘Chioggia’ reveals concentric rings of pink and white.

    With a delicate, sweet flavor, the unusual pattern adds a pop of color to salads. Cooking causes the ring pattern to fade.

    A close up square image of whole and sliced 'Chioggia' beets with pink and white patterned flesh, set on a wooden surface.A close up square image of whole and sliced 'Chioggia' beets with pink and white patterned flesh, set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Chioggia’

    Crispy greens can be harvested after 50 days, but wait 60 days to pull the three- to four-inch candy-cane striped beauties out of the ground.

    You can find seeds available at Eden Brothers.

    7. Crosby Egyptian

    ‘Crosby Egyptian,’ sometimes listed as ‘Crosby’s Egyptian,’ is an heirloom cultivar that originated in Germany and was brought to the US as ‘Egyptian Beet’ in the 1860s.

    Josiah Crosby, a market gardener in Boston, developed ‘Crosby Egyptian’ with its wide, three- to five-inch early maturing root. It first appeared in James Gregory’s seed catalog in 1880.

    The roots have a flattened shape and a sweet yet slightly earthy flavor. Green tops with red stems are delicious harvested young for salads, or sauteed as mature greens.

    A close up square image of freshly harvested 'Crosby Egyptian' beets with the tops still attached, set on a wooden surface.A close up square image of freshly harvested 'Crosby Egyptian' beets with the tops still attached, set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Crosby Egyptian’

    Quick to mature in just 55 days, plants are known for being cold-tolerant and are ideal for northern gardeners who want an early fall crop.

    Find seeds now at Eden Brothers.

    8. Cylindra

    ‘Cylindra’ is an heirloom cultivar, ideal for pickling and canning. Elongated roots with smooth skin and deep red flesh have a sweet, mild flavor with just the slightest hint of earthiness.

    The smooth-textured roots grow six to eight inches long and an inch or two in diameter. Sometimes known as ‘Butter Slicer,’ the uniform width is ideal for slicing.

    Enjoy ‘Cylindra’ roasted, added to soups and stews, or go old-school and pickle slices in vinegar to the horror – or delight – of your family.

    The leaves are reddish-green and have a slightly bitter flavor if eaten raw.

    A close up square image of freshly harvested 'Cylindra' beets with the tops still attached set on a wooden surface.A close up square image of freshly harvested 'Cylindra' beets with the tops still attached set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Cylindra’

    Roots mature in 60 to 70 days, and tops can be harvested after just 35 days. ‘Cylindra’ is ideal for growing in the smaller garden as the plants take up less space.

    Seeds are available at Eden Brothers.

    9. Detroit Dark Red

    This classic heirloom variety was first introduced in 1892 by D. M. Ferry Seed Company as ‘Detroit Dark Red Turnip.’

    But it’s not a turnip, it’s a beet. Deep red, rounded roots with smooth skin are sweet, mild, and tender, ideal for canning, roasting, and slicing raw in salads.

    The tops are tender and flavorful, too, with dark green leaves and bright red stems and veins. Harvest baby greens for a pop of nutritious color in salads.

    A close up square image of 'Detroit Dark Red' beets with the tops still attached set on a wooden surface.A close up square image of 'Detroit Dark Red' beets with the tops still attached set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Detroit Dark Red’

    You can harvest the three-inch roots after 60 days, but the greens will delight your palate after just 35 days.

    Find seeds available at Eden Brothers.

    10. Early Wonder

    Also known as ‘Boston Crosby’ and ‘Nuttings Gem,’ ‘Early Wonder’ is, well, an early-maturing heirloom cultivar first introduced to the US in 1911.

    This variety is ideal for those who want to harvest abundant greens as well as delicious roots.

    The deep red roots are round with a slightly flattened top, and have a sweet, mild flavor.

    The tops are particularly fast-growing and have a lightly piquant taste, particularly when harvested as baby greens.

    A close up square image of 'Early Wonder' red beets with the tops still attached, set on a wooden table.A close up square image of 'Early Wonder' red beets with the tops still attached, set on a wooden table.

    ‘Early Wonder’

    Two to three-inch roots will be ready for harvest after just 50 days, and plants are heat and cold tolerant.

    Find seeds at Eden Brothers.

    11. Formanova

    ‘Formanova’ is an open-pollinated cylindrical beet that matures in about 54 days.

    The roots grow five to six inches long and one to two inches wide, making them ideal for uniform slicing and canning.

    A close up square image of a bunch of 'Formanova' cylindrical roots set on a rustic wooden table with a slice to the side showing in the interior.A close up square image of a bunch of 'Formanova' cylindrical roots set on a rustic wooden table with a slice to the side showing in the interior.

    ‘Formanova’

    Upright, vigorous tops offer extra greens for fresh use. The long, smooth roots are tender and sweet, perfect for roasting, pickling, or slicing thin for salads.

    Grab packets of seeds in a variety of sizes at High Mowing Organic Seeds.

    12. Golden

    If you want to trick your recalcitrant family into enjoying beets but aren’t tempted by the white varieties, then roast up some ‘Golden’ roots with a delicate balsamic glaze.

    Also known as ‘Burpee’s Golden,’ this heirloom cultivar was introduced – you guessed it – by the Burpee Seed Company in 1970.

    A close up square image of 'Golden' beets freshly harvested and set on a wooden surface.A close up square image of 'Golden' beets freshly harvested and set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Golden’

    Glorious two-inch golden globes with yellow flesh and a sweet, mild flavor mature in just 55 days. Tender green leaves with yellow stems can be harvested after 40 days.

    You can find seeds available at Burpee.

    Find more tips on growing golden beets here.

    13. Golden Detroit

    Sweet and mild, heirloom cultivar ‘Golden Detroit’ produces one to three-inch oval shaped orange-yellow roots that are delicious both raw and cooked.

    Light green tops with pale stems have no hint of bitterness and are an ideal addition to summer salads.

    A close up square image of oval 'Golden Detroit' beets set on a wooden surface, with a plate of sliced ones in the background. To the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo with text.A close up square image of oval 'Golden Detroit' beets set on a wooden surface, with a plate of sliced ones in the background. To the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo with text.

    ‘Golden Detroit’

    Roots mature after 55 days. Leaves can be harvested after 40 to 45 days.

    Seeds are available at True Leaf Market.

    14. Guardsmark

    ‘Guardsmark’ is a beautiful Chioggia beet that matures in about 55 days.

    The flat, globe-shaped roots measure approximately two to three inches across and reveal stunning concentric rings of red and white when sliced.

    A wooden table with a bunch of freshly harvested and cleaned 'Guardsmark' Chioggia beets with a slice to the right showing the interior.A wooden table with a bunch of freshly harvested and cleaned 'Guardsmark' Chioggia beets with a slice to the right showing the interior.

    ‘Guardsmark’

    Tops are medium height, with green leaves and pale-pink stems. With its mild, sweet flavor and eye-catching interior, it shines roasted, pickled, or fresh in salads.

    Find ‘Guardsmark’ seeds in a variety of packet sizes at High Mowing Organic Seeds.

    15. Lutz Green Leaf

    If you like a big root for tossing in your root cellar (do you have a root cellar? If so, I’m jealous!) and a harvest that will see you through the most miserable of winters, then try ‘Lutz Green Leaf,’ aka ‘Winterkeeper.’

    You’ll be able to enjoy the six-inch, deep-red tubers pickled, roasted, tossed into soups and stews – and even in salads.

    The greens are indeed “green,” and are delicious sauteed in butter and garlic, with a flavor that’s comparable to Swiss chard.

    A close up square image of freshly harvested 'Lutz Green Leaf' beets with soil on the roots and the tops still attached, set on a wooden surface.A close up square image of freshly harvested 'Lutz Green Leaf' beets with soil on the roots and the tops still attached, set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Lutz Green Leaf’

    If you want ‘em big, leave them to mature for the full 65 days, or pull them early for baby beets if you really have to.

    You can find seeds at Eden Brothers.

    16. MacGregor’s Favorite

    A rare heirloom from Scotland, ‘MacGregor’s Favorite’ is appreciated more for its glowing bronze‑red, glossy leaves than its roots.

    It matures in 55 to 65 days and develops slender, tapering roots. The foliage arches gracefully, adding ornamental value to edible borders or containers.

    A close up square image of freshly harvested and cleaned 'MacGregor's Favorite' roots set in a wooden box. To the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo with text.A close up square image of freshly harvested and cleaned 'MacGregor's Favorite' roots set in a wooden box. To the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo with text.

    ‘MacGregor’s Favorite’

    Use the leaves cooked like chard or stir-fried, and enjoy the roots fresh as baby beets.

    Pick up packets of seeds from True Leaf Market.

    17. Merlin

    Probably the sweetest of the red-rooted beets, ‘Merlin’ is an F1 hybrid cultivar bred for high sugar content, disease resistance, and both heat and cold tolerance.

    In other words, you don’t need to be a gardening wizard to grow these.

    Crisp when raw, and delectably tender when cooked, ‘Merlin’ will enchant with his exceptional sweetness. Even the glossy, dark green tops are delicious.

    A close up image of the hybrid Beta vulgaris variety 'Merlin' set on a wooden surface.A close up image of the hybrid Beta vulgaris variety 'Merlin' set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Merlin’

    Three to four-inch perfectly round roots are ready to harvest after 55 days, and you can enjoy the crimson-stemmed greens after 30 to 40 days.

    Seeds are available at Burpee.

    18. Moulin Rouge

    ‘Moulin Rouge’ is a hybrid cultivar with deep magenta roots that you cancan enjoy both fresh or cooked.

    With a rich and succulent texture, one- to two-inch globes of gloriousness have a sweet, rich, “beety” flavor.

    A close up square image of Beta vulgaris 'Moulin Rouge' whole set on a wooden surface.A close up square image of Beta vulgaris 'Moulin Rouge' whole set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Moulin Rouge’

    Baby roots can be harvested after just 35 days, or leave them in the ground for 55 to 60 days for mature roots.

    You can find seeds from Burpee.

    19. Red Ace

    Calling all Star Wars fans, this one’s for you. Make Freya Fenris jealous and grow your very own ‘Red Ace’ spaceship in the comfort of your own garden.

    An F1 fighter jet – sorry, I mean hybrid – an F1 hybrid variety, ‘Red Ace’ is a fast-maturing beet adaptable to a wide range of soil conditions, and is more cold-tolerant than other cultivars.

    A close up square image of Beta vulgaris 'Red Ace' growing in the garden ready for harvest. To the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo and text.A close up square image of Beta vulgaris 'Red Ace' growing in the garden ready for harvest. To the bottom right of the frame is a white circular logo and text.

    ‘Red Ace’

    Smooth-skinned, deep purple, three-inch globes will push up through the soil in just 50 days. Cut them open and the scarlet flesh reveals clear concentric rings, with a mild yet hearty flavor.

    Seeds are available from True Leaf Market.

    20. Red Ball

    Also known as ‘Burpee’s Red Ball,’ this heirloom cultivar has sweet, mild, red flesh and deep purple, smooth skin. Uniformly round three-inch roots are ready for harvest after 60 days.

    A close up of Beta vulgaris 'Moulin Rouge' whole held up by the greens.A close up of Beta vulgaris 'Moulin Rouge' whole held up by the greens.

    ‘Red Ball’

    This variety produces an abundance of particularly tasty greens, which you can harvest young for salads, sautes, and stir-fries.

    You can find seeds available at Burpee.

    21. Rhonda

    ‘Rhonda’ is a hybrid that matures in about 65 to 70 days.

    The smooth, round roots measure approximately two to three inches across and retain their deep red color and sweet flavor even through extended storage.

    It develops robust, upright foliage and delivers uniform roots that are ideal for harvesting in fall and storing well into winter.

    A bunch of 'Rhonda' roots set on a wooden table with a slice to the right.A bunch of 'Rhonda' roots set on a wooden table with a slice to the right.

    ‘Rhonda’

    The sweet, tender roots are excellent roasted, pickled, or sliced fresh into salads.

    Find ‘Rhonda’ seeds available at High Mowing Organic Seeds in a variety of packet sizes.

    22. Ruby Queen

    ‘Ruby Queen,’ an heirloom cultivar, was crowned an All-America Selection winner in 1957.

    She grows happily in poor soil, and her perfectly round, two to three-inch deep-red roots are especially suitable for canning, with a sweet, mild flavor and toothsome texture.

    A close up square image of freshly harvested Beta vulgaris 'Ruby Queen' with the tops taken off and set on a blue wooden surface.A close up square image of freshly harvested Beta vulgaris 'Ruby Queen' with the tops taken off and set on a blue wooden surface.

    ‘Ruby Queen’

    Her short tops grow to just 10 to 12 inches tall, and roots can be harvested after just 55 days.

    Find your seeds from Eden Brothers.

    23. Shiraz

    An open-pollinated red variety, ‘Shiraz’ matures in 50 to 55 days.

    The smooth, round roots are about three inches across with deep burgundy flesh and consistent color.

    Upright, glossy green tops with red stems reach 12 to 14 inches and make excellent greens.

    A square image of 'Shiraz' beets in a bunch with the green tops still attached set on a wooden surface.A square image of 'Shiraz' beets in a bunch with the green tops still attached set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Shiraz’

    Bred for strong disease resistance, including Cercospora leaf spot, this variety holds well in the field and maintains sweet, earthy flavor whether roasted, pickled, or eaten fresh.

    Pick up ‘Shiraz’ seeds from High Mowing Organic Seeds in your choice of packet sizes.

    24. Subeto

    An early-maturing hybrid, ‘Subeto’ is ready in about 50 days.

    With deep red, spherical roots roughly three inches across with fine taproots and consistently smooth skin, ‘Subeto’ is perfect for uniform harvests.

    The plants develop upright tops and are well-suited to close spacing, making them efficient in smaller beds.

    A bunch of 'Subeto' roots set on a wooden table with the greens still attached.A bunch of 'Subeto' roots set on a wooden table with the greens still attached.

    ‘Subeto’

    The roots are crisp, sweet, and retain color through cooking, excellent sliced raw, pickled, or roasted.

    You can find packets of ‘Subeto’ seeds in a variety of sizes at High Mowing Organic Seeds.

    25. Touchstone Gold

    ‘Touchstone Gold’ is a popular golden hybrid variety, and seeds have an above-average germination rate.

    Bright yellow flesh with smooth deep-orange skin is sweet and mild when eaten raw or cooked.

    A close up of a bunch of 'Touchstone Gold' beets set on a wooden surface.A close up of a bunch of 'Touchstone Gold' beets set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Touchstone Gold’

    Three-inch roots display clear concentric rings when sliced, and these are ready for harvest after 55 days.

    Light green tops with yellow stems are tender and ideal for adding to salads or stir-fries.

    You can find seeds available from High Mowing Seeds.

    26. Vereduna Alba

    ‘Vereduna Alba’ is an open-pollinated white variety ready to harvest in about 55 days.

    It produces smooth, round roots about three inches across with creamy white flesh and a mild taste, less earthy than red varieties.

    The skin may show a faint pink blush, while the leafy tops are sturdy and wavy.

    White 'Vereduna Alba' roots freshly harvested and cleaned and set on a wooden surface.White 'Vereduna Alba' roots freshly harvested and cleaned and set on a wooden surface.

    ‘Vereduna Alba’

    This variety resists Cercospora leaf spot and is excellent raw, pickled, or cooked, adding subtle flavor and color contrast in the kitchen.

    Find seeds available at High Mowing Organic Seeds in a variety of packet sizes.

    27. White Detroit

    With all the distinctive taste of a red beet but no staining, ‘White Detroit’ has creamy-white, three-inch roots with a sweet yet hearty flavor.

    This heirloom cultivar matures in 55 days and roots can be harvested early for baby beets.

    A close up square image of Beta vulgaris 'White Detroit' in a wicker basket, some of the roots are whole and others cut in half to show the white flesh. To the bottom right of the frame is a black circular logo with text.A close up square image of Beta vulgaris 'White Detroit' in a wicker basket, some of the roots are whole and others cut in half to show the white flesh. To the bottom right of the frame is a black circular logo with text.

    ‘White Detroit’

    Light green tops are ideal for stir fries and sautes.

    Find seeds now at True Leaf Market.

    Beets for Everybody!

    Is your head spinning from all the choices?

    There are quite a few, but when you consider the attributes you’re seeking – flavor, color, timing – you ought to be able to find one or two (or six…) that will be just right for your family!

    Remember to read our beet growing guide to get started.

    A horizontal image of red, golden, and white beetroots freshly harvested and set on a wooden surface.A horizontal image of red, golden, and white beetroots freshly harvested and set on a wooden surface.

    And if you’re not already a family of beet eaters, wouldn’t you just love to introduce a new vegetable to your kids?

    We’d love to hear which varieties you’ve tried and how they worked out for you. Tell us what part of the country you live in, and share your beet tales in the comments section below!

    And for more information about growing beets, check out these guides next:

    Clare Groom

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  • How to Prevent Beet Plants from Bolting | Gardener’s Path

    How to Prevent Beet Plants from Bolting | Gardener’s Path

    Everything about beets (Beta vulgaris) makes me happy, from soaking those funky-looking seeds and setting them in the ground to lifting the robust globes of earthy goodness from the garden.

    After planting, I’ve kept pests away from the foliage and stayed vigilant against diseases. Now, it’s just a case of waiting for the roots to develop.

    The only thing standing between me and a goat cheese and beet salad? Bolting.

    A close up horizontal image of freshly harvested and cleaned beets in a wooden box.A close up horizontal image of freshly harvested and cleaned beets in a wooden box.

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    Bolting is caused by stress. You and I might have a panic attack, stress eat, or scroll mindlessly through social media when we’re stressed. Plants send out flowers.

    Seems like a healthier reaction to stress to me, but bolting can mean that you won’t be able to enjoy your delicious beets. When a plant bolts, the leaves turn bitter and the roots become woody.

    So, what can a gardener do about it? There are preventative measures you can take and, if all else fails, you might just have to enjoy your roots or beet leaves early.

    Here are all the things we’ll chat about in the coming guide:

    First things first. We need to discuss why this phenomenon occurs.

    Why Do Beets Bolt?

    “Bolting” refers to the plant sending out flowers prematurely – at a time when we gardeners don’t want them to.

    In the normal course of events, B. vulgaris flowers in their second year, as they are biennials,, which means they complete their life cycle in two years. Annuals take one year to complete their life cycle, and perennials require three or more years.

    A close up horizontal image of the growing tip of a vegetable crop that has bolted and started to flower.A close up horizontal image of the growing tip of a vegetable crop that has bolted and started to flower.

    After the first year, beets send out flowers, which turn into seeds and then the plant dies. But those seeds carry their genetic material and become new beets.

    Sometimes, beets will grow flowers in their first year of life. This is what growers refer to as bolting, and it usually happens as the result of stress.

    Flowering is influenced by daylight hours, temperature, and other factors like water availability.

    These elements influence the hormonal balance in the plant, suppressing some hormones and increasing others. In the normal course of events, the plant will put its energy into developing a big, healthy root, stalks, and leaves during the first year of its life.

    But if something goes wrong, the plant enters a kind of emergency mode and sends out flowers and subsequent seeds as a means of reproducing. It is acting in its own best interests to ensure its genetic material survives in the face of some kind of stressor.

    It’s not in the best interest of us gardeners, though, because once B. vulgaris bolts its root turns woody and its leaves become bitter and inedible.

    You can learn more about bolting in our guide.

    What Causes Bolting

    If you wanted to create the perfect environment for your beets to bolt, here’s what you would do:

    First, give the plants a nice long period of cool weather with extra moist soil while it is young. Then, provide it with long days filled with heat and very little water. Voila!

    B. vulgaris needs consistent, even moisture.

    A close up horizontal image of a beet plant that has started to bolt and flower prematurely.A close up horizontal image of a beet plant that has started to bolt and flower prematurely.

    Technically, the process of getting ready to flower in beets is known as vernalization. It happens naturally when the plants are exposed to prolonged cold.

    The plant emerges in the spring to cool temperatures and short days, which gradually shift to longer and warmer days.

    Seeds and seedlings need about five weeks between 41 to 48°F to vernalize. If seeds still on the plant from the previous year or in the ground after falling off are exposed to these temperatures for long enough, they will be vernalized.

    Once a plant or seed has vernalized, it’s capable of producing flowers.

    Now, if temperatures become too hot, over 65°F or so, depending on the number of daylight hours, the plant might become stressed enough to send out those flowers and complete the lifecycle earlier than it typically would.

    Similarly, if it has been consistently cloudy and suddenly the weather changes to nonstop sun every day, that can also cause bolting.

    Another common cause is setting out transplants too early, if the seedlings are exposed to a sudden drop in temperature, especially when combined with a lack of water.

    Overfertilization with nitrogen, low soil fertility, and inconsistent water are the other culprits.

    Once the veggie bolts, the sugar content of the root is reduced, and it turns hard and woody. The leaves also become tough and bitter at this point as well.

    Beets tend to bolt more readily than some other species because they vernalize with a short period of cool temperatures. Some species require a long period to vernalize.

    When bolting occurs, you’ll start to see flower stalks grow up out of the ground and rapidly develop insignificant blooms followed by seed pods.

    How to Prevent Bolting

    Because bolting is largely weather-dependent, there isn’t a lot you can do to control it.

    If the weather takes a warm turn, it can help to put some shade cloth over the planting area. This will reduce the temperature during the worst of the heat.

    A close up horizontal image of green shade netting blocking the sun.A close up horizontal image of green shade netting blocking the sun.

    Other than that, the best you can do is to maintain consistent soil moisture. Beets need a good amount of water as they develop, so try to keep the soil moist but not wet at all times.

    If you’ve ever hand-washed some dishes with a sponge and you wring out that sponge well when you’re done, that’s the texture you’re aiming for. Not soggy wet, and not dry.

    Don’t plant too early in the spring, and if temperatures drop below 45°F, make sure the plants have enough water.

    What To Do If Your Plant Bolts

    Once B. vulgaris bolts, there’s nothing you can do to fix it. You can snip off the flower stem, but that won’t stop the plant from otherwise completing the life cycle process.

    A close up horizontal image of freshly harvested beets set on the ground outdoors.A close up horizontal image of freshly harvested beets set on the ground outdoors.

    Just because you removed the flowers, that doesn’t mean the root isn’t still going to shift the sugar content and toughen up the leaves.

    Your best bet is to harvest the beetroots right away. If you catch it early enough, the roots will still taste just fine.

    If the roots are far too immature to eat, you can always enjoy the leaves if you catch the bolting plant quickly enough. They’re pretty much the same as chard, anyway.

    Don’t Stress

    Nothing should dare get between my beet soup, salad, and roasted veggies. Not even bolting.

    I’ve been known to dash outside with some shade cloth and obsessively monitor the soil moisture.

    Even though beets are fairly quick and easy to grow, I’m not letting anything threaten my harvest.

    A close up horizontal image of a farmer holding up three freshly harvested beetroots.A close up horizontal image of a farmer holding up three freshly harvested beetroots.

    So, what seems to be causing the problem on your plants? Did you have a cool spring that jumped into a hot summer? Did the soil dry out for too long? Let us know what you’re experiencing in the comments.

    Now that the bolting situation is under control, there’s more to know about making the most out of this root vegetable.

    If you found this guide helpful, and I hope you did, these beet guides might also be useful for you:

    Kristine Lofgren

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  • How to Plant and Grow Spinach | Gardener’s Path

    How to Plant and Grow Spinach | Gardener’s Path

    Spinacia oleracea

    Delicious and nutritious, spinach is an easily cultivated annual vegetable grown for its tender, tasty leaves.

    Compact plants, they’re an excellent choice for container growth as well as garden beds and they thrive in the cool temperatures of spring and fall – but spinach can also be grown in summer’s heat with some light shade.

    Loaded with healthy nutrients, the soft leaves have a lush texture and mild flavor that’s enjoyed fresh or cooked, and they’re used in a variety of recipes.

    A horizontal photo of fresh spinach leaves in a metal colander in a garden.A horizontal photo of fresh spinach leaves in a metal colander in a garden.

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    A fast-growing, cut-and-come-again crop, repeat sowing and regularly picking the leaves means they can provide repeat harvests for months!

    And if you have an overabundance of tasty spinach greens, you can stretch your food budget and easily preserve them by canning, dehydrating, or freezing.

    Economical, easy to grow, and wonderfully healthy, are you ready to try a crop of flavorful spinach this year? Then let’s discuss how to grow spinach for delicious, tasty greens!

    Here’s a quick look at what’s coming up:

    What Is Spinach?

    Spinach, Spinacia oleracea, is an annual flowering vegetable in the Amaranthaceae (amaranth) family and is related to beets and quinoa.

    A horizontal photo of young spinach plants growing in rows in the garden.A horizontal photo of young spinach plants growing in rows in the garden.

    Grown for its mildly flavored leaves, spinach is eaten fresh in salads, smoothies, and wraps, sauteed or steamed as a side dish, or added into recipes like lasagna, soups, and stews.

    And it’s easily preserved by canning, dehydrating, or freezing.

    Baby spinach leaves are typically used raw while larger mature leaves are most often cooked.

    Fully grown, the plants reach a height of eight to 12 inches, and the simple leaves are ovate to triangular in shape.

    If spinach plants are allowed to bloom, the small, green-yellow flowers aren’t all that appealing to pollinators and the wind distributes the tiny pollen particles for reproduction.

    After pollination, small, hard fruit clusters form, containing several seeds per cluster.

    A cool-season vegetable, spinach can overwinter in mild climates, and successive plantings provide a steady supply of leaves almost all year. Plants are typically hardy in USDA Zones 5 to 9.

    A horizontal photo of freshly harvested spinach leaves lying on a wooden background.A horizontal photo of freshly harvested spinach leaves lying on a wooden background.

    Spinach comes from a single species divided into three primary varieties of savoy, semi-savoy, and flat-leafed types.

    Savoy spinach varieties are low-growing with highly crinkled, curled leaves and this is the most productive type. They also have the best cold resistance.

    Semi-savoy types are taller and the leaves are less crinkled, making them easier to pick and wash. They also have the best disease and bolt resistance, making them the most popular for home gardeners.

    Flat-leafed varieties have the smoothest leaves, making them the easiest to clean, and are the first choice for commercially canned and frozen products.

    Rich in a variety of nutrients, spinach is abundant in antioxidants such as lutein, kaempferol, natural nitrates, quercetin, and zeaxanthin, plus vitamins A, C, K, and folate, and minerals like calcium, iron, manganese, and magnesium.

    The leaves are also high in insoluble fiber and low in carbohydrates with few calories.

    However, spinach also contains high levels of oxalates which are harmless to most folks but can contribute to the formation of oxalate kidney stones.

    Cooking the leaves is an easy way to reduce the amount of oxalates if this is a concern.

    Cultivation and History

    Native to regions of the Middle East, spinach was late in spreading into other cultures, with no references to its cultivation in the archives of ancient Greece and Rome.

    Historians believe it was carried west into Europe by the Moors via the Iberian Peninsula, and at the same time, traveled eastwards into China and India.

    A horizontal photo of sauteed spinach with raisins and pine nuts in a white pottery bowl on a wicker placemat.A horizontal photo of sauteed spinach with raisins and pine nuts in a white pottery bowl on a wicker placemat.

    The oldest written records are from the fourth century CE in Mesopotamia and in the eleventh century CE in Spain.

    After spreading through Europe, spinach arrived in North America in the early 1800s.

    Spinach Propagation

    Spinach is easily propagated by seed. As it germinates in cool temperatures between 45 and 68°F, it is most often direct sown.

    But seeds can be started indoors and transplanted out if handled with care – more on how to do that in a bit.

    Direct Sowing

    Seeds can be direct sown in spring four to eight weeks before your last frost date, or when soil temperatures stay above 40°F.

    A horizontal photo of a woman gardener sowing seeds in freshly turned fertile soil.A horizontal photo of a woman gardener sowing seeds in freshly turned fertile soil.

    For fall sowing, wait until the soil temperature cools to 70°F, or six to eight weeks before your average first frost date.

    Prepare the soil by enriching it with plenty of organic material like compost or aged manure and loosen it to a depth of 12 to 18 inches to accommodate the plants’ long taproot.

    Sow spinach seeds half an inch deep and two inches apart. Cover the seeds with soil and firm lightly in place.

    Water gently and keep the soil lightly moist.

    Seeds germinate in five to 21 days and have a viable shelf life of two to four years.

    Repeat sowing every three to four weeks until mid-May or when soil temperatures reach 70°F for a continuous crop.

    If planting in early spring, it can be beneficial to protect seedlings for a few weeks with sheets of clear plastic draped over hoops.

    This creates a greenhouse-like effect that encourages leaf growth and prevents stem damage from buildups of ice or snow and heavy rains. On days of light rain, remove the plastic to give the soil a good soaking.

    Start Seeds Indoors

    Although spinach has a reputation of being difficult to transplant, small seedlings can be successfully relocated.

    However, once the taproot starts growing, plants can struggle with being moved.

    A horizontal close up of a spinach sprout in a terra cotta pot.A horizontal close up of a spinach sprout in a terra cotta pot.

    Four to eight weeks before your last average frost date, fill flats or trays with a seed-starting mix. Sow seeds in rows half an inch deep and two inches apart.

    Cover the seeds with soil and water lightly, keeping the soil moist but not wet until germination.

    Place in a cool room with temperatures between 50 and 70°F in bright but indirect light.

    Transplant out when seedlings are two or three inches tall.

    How to Grow Spinach

    For the best productivity, spinach needs well-draining soil with a loamy or sandy loam makeup and a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.5 to 7.0.

    Plant in full sun in spring and fall or in light shade during the warmer months.

    A horizontal photo of small spinach seedlings poking up through dark soil in a garden.A horizontal photo of small spinach seedlings poking up through dark soil in a garden.

    Prepare and loosen the soil in beds and containers as outlined in the Direct Sowing section above and plant in rows 12 to 18 inches apart.

    Spinach plants are heavy feeders and benefit from soil that’s generously enriched with alfalfa meal, compost, or aged manure. Apply alfalfa meal as per package instructions and compost or manure at the rate of one pound per five square feet.

    If needed, mix in some gritty material like landscape sand or stone chips to ensure well-draining soil to avoid issues like root rot.

    When plants are two inches tall, thin to four to six inches apart. Thinning is important to prevent stunted growth and early bolting.

    Keep their growing zone weed free. The long taproots also form branches of shallower, fibrous roots that don’t compete well with weeds.

    Once plants are four to six inches tall, lay down a two-inch layer of light-colored mulch like shredded leaves or straw to keep the roots cool and retain moisture.

    A horizontal photo of young spinach plants growing in a row in a mulched garden.A horizontal photo of young spinach plants growing in a row in a mulched garden.

    Water regularly, providing one to two inches of water per week.

    After plants are four inches tall, side dress every three or four weeks with light applications of a nitrogen-rich fertilizer, taking care to prevent the fertilizer from coming in contact with the stems to prevent burning.

    Commercial fertilizers are labeled with a ratio of nitrogen to potassium and phosphorus, or NPK – look for ones that have a higher first number to encourage leaf growth.

    A square product photo of a bag of Burpee Leafy Green + Herb Plant food sitting on a potting bench.A square product photo of a bag of Burpee Leafy Green + Herb Plant food sitting on a potting bench.

    Natural Organic Leafy Green and Herb Food

    Burpee’s Natural Organic Leafy Green and Herb Plant Food has an NPK formula of 5-3-3 that’s ideal for fast foliage growth.

    A square product photo of a box of Down to Earth Alfalfa Meal fertilizer against a white background.A square product photo of a box of Down to Earth Alfalfa Meal fertilizer against a white background.

    Down To Earth Alfalfa Meal

    Down To Earth Alfalfa Meal has an NPK ratio of 2-0-1 and is available at Arbico Organics.

    For a long season and abundant yields, sow small batches of seed regularly and harvest as a cut-and-come-again crop – each sowing will provide several pickings.

    Once the spinach plants flower, the flavors diminish and plants can be removed and composted if they’re free of pests and disease.

    In areas with mild winters, sow a hardy variety in late summer and grow in a cold frame or protect plants with cloches or floating row cover fabric before the first frost.

    Harvest lightly over winter then remove covers in spring once soil temperatures reach 40°F – growth is rapid once the days start to lengthen, typically in mid-February.

    Container Growth

    For growing spinach in pots and planters, use containers at least 18 inches deep to provide the long taproots room to grow. They also need to have drainage holes to prevent wet soil.

    A horizontal photo of young spinach growing potted in a white container.A horizontal photo of young spinach growing potted in a white container.

    I like to lay down a layer of porous material over the drainage holes to keep the water moving freely out of the soil, and use drainage materials such as broken pottery or pebbles.

    Fill pots with a humus-rich, sandy soil then sow as outlined above in our instructions for direct sowing.

    Provide one to two inches of water per week, more in hot weather, and strive to keep the soil lightly moist. Add a light-colored mulch to keep roots cool and the soil moist.

    Fertilize with a nitrogen-rich formula every three weeks.

    Growing Tips

    Spinach is easily grown when the following tips are kept in mind:

    • Sow seeds in the cool temperatures of spring and fall.
    • Before planting, enrich the soil with plenty of organic material like compost.
    • Fertilize regularly during the growing season for healthy, vibrant plants with ample foliage.
    • Keep the soil lightly moist and use a mulch to retain water, keep roots cool, and inhibit weeds.
    • Pick the leaves often to encourage new growth.

    Now let’s have a look at some varieties known for their easy cultivation.

    Spinach Cultivars to Select

    Finding suitable cultivars for a variety of weather conditions isn’t a problem with dozens to choose from.

    Here’s a sampling to get you started. 

    Bloomsdale Long Standing

    Historically reliable, organic ‘Bloomsdale Long Standing’ is an heirloom variety and AAS (All-America Selections) Vegetable Winner from 1937.

    It produces semi-savoyed leaves with a rich flavor and tender texture that’s a favorite for canning, freezing, and juicing.

    Maturing in 35 to 50 days, plants are semi-upright and have excellent heat tolerance for growing in summer as well as the cooler months.

    A square product photo of Bloomsdale Long Standing Spinach.A square product photo of Bloomsdale Long Standing Spinach.

    ‘Bloomsdale Long Standing’

    Organic seed in quantities ranging from packets to pounds can be found at True Leaf Market.

    Carmel 

    A semi-savoyed variety, ‘Carmel’ provides a good germination rate and features uniform leaves with upright growth that makes this hybrid easy to harvest and wash.

    A square product photo of Carmel Spinach.A square product photo of Carmel Spinach.

    ‘Carmel’

    Flavorful baby greens can be picked in as little as 25 days and the fast growth makes it a good choice for fall sowing. Plants have good resistance to bolting and downy mildew.

    Two sizes of seed packets are available at True Leaf Market.

    Noble Giant 

    Another heirloom AAS winner, ‘Noble Giant’ is a titan that produces heavy yields of huge, meaty leaves with a delicious flavor that’s outstanding eaten fresh, canned, or cooked.

    Large plants with upright growth that are slow to bolt, the smooth-leaved baby greens can be harvested in 35 days.

    A square product photo of Noble Giant spinach on a wooden table.A square product photo of Noble Giant spinach on a wooden table.

    ‘Noble Giant’

    Seed quantities in packets, ounces, and pounds are available at Eden Brothers.

    Persius 

    The thick, tasty leaves of ‘Persius’ are an excellent choice for cooking or freezing and the compact, smooth-leaved plants make a good choice for container growth.

    A vertical product shot of Persius spinach leaves growing in a planter.A vertical product shot of Persius spinach leaves growing in a planter.

    ‘Persius’

    The semi-upright plants mature in 35 to 40 days and have moderate bolt resistance but are stoically strong with issues like downy mildew and white rust. 

    Seed packets can be found at Burpee.

    Seaside

    Superb for baby greens, ‘Seaside’ has a moderate growth rate with high volume production and thick, succulent leaves with a uniform shape and size. 

    The delectable, smooth leaves are easily washed and can be harvested in 30 days.

    A vertical product photo of Seaside spinach leaves against a wooden backdrop.A vertical product photo of Seaside spinach leaves against a wooden backdrop.

    ‘Seaside’

    Compact, upright plants make a smart choice for containers and feature good resistance to bolting from heat and downy mildew. 

    Seed packets are available at Burpee.

    Managing Pests and Disease

    Although spinach is easily grown, there are a few issues that can impact productivity.

    Aphids are small soft bodied sapsuckers that feast on stems and leaves.

    You can control aphids with a strong stream of water from the garden hose to blast them off plants or set hungry beneficial insects like green lacewings onto them.

    A vertical product shot of a bottle of Arbico Organics Green Lacewing Larvae.A vertical product shot of a bottle of Arbico Organics Green Lacewing Larvae.

    Green Lacewing Larvae

    You can find green lacewing larvae available from Arbico Organics.

    Cutworms are moth larvae that hide under the soil and come out at night, mowing tender seedlings down at soil level then consuming them.

    Cutworms are effectively controlled with an application of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).

    A square product photo of two containers of Monterey B.t.A square product photo of two containers of Monterey B.t.

    Monterey Bt Liquid

    You can find Monterey Bt Liquid in 32-ounce ready-to-use and 32-ounce hose-end bottles available at Arbico Organics.

    Leaf miners are the larvae of flies and moths that bore into leaves where they live and eat, leaving a pale, meandering trail in their wake.

    Surface pesticides are ineffective but infested leaves can be removed and destroyed.

    Feeding insects like the above can also be kept at bay with the use of floating row covers.

    Slugs and snails also enjoy munching on spinach and can be controlled with baits and traps or diatomaceous earth.

    Grab some diatomaceous earth in two-and-a-half-pound jugs and 10-pound bags from Arbico Organics.

    A square product photo of a bag and container of Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth.A square product photo of a bag and container of Food Grade Diatomaceous Earth.

    Diatomaceous Earth

    You can read up on gastropod baits and traps in our guide to natural solutions to slugs and snails

    Disease issues include damping off, a fungal infection that causes plants to collapse and die. Avoid wet soil and provide ample air circulation to inhibit damping off.

    Downy mildew is caused by a fungus-like organism that covers plants with a white, fuzzy down and leads to light green or yellow spots on the foliage.

    There’s no cure for downy mildew and infected plants need to be removed and destroyed. Control includes avoiding overhead watering and spacing plants for adequate air circulation.

    Some fungal infections like white rust are spread by insects and splashing water. Avoid overhead watering and control disease-spreading insects such as aphids.

    Harvesting

    For tender baby greens, you can start picking when the leaves are two or three inches long, snipping them from the outer stems.

    A horizontal shot of harvested baby spinach leaves in a wooden bowl.A horizontal shot of harvested baby spinach leaves in a wooden bowl.

    Harvesting mature leaves is done in the same manner but wait until leaves are at least four inches in length.

    Do not remove more than 50 percent of the foliage at any one time to encourage plants to produce more leaves, which can be picked until the plants bolt and start to flower.

    To harvest a mature plant, simply cut the entire plant just above the soil line.

    Wash leaves thoroughly in cool running water before consuming – the savoy and semi-savoy types tend to trap soil in the crinkles.

    Preserving

    After washing, remove excess water with a whirl in a salad spinner or use paper towels to gently pat the leaves to thoroughly absorb moisture, then store as desired.

    Fresh

    To store fresh leaves, place in an airtight storage container or a zip top plastic bag and keep in the crisper drawer of the refrigerator for up to 10 days.

    Dehydrated

    Remove stems and spread washed and dried leaves evenly on dehydrator trays – a little overlap is fine but avoid thick clumps.

    Set the temperature to your unit’s lowest setting and dry for two to six hours, depending on the temperature and how wet the leaves were, or until they’re completely dry and crisp.

    Remove the leaves and cool thoroughly before storing in a jar with a tight fitting lid in a cool, dark cupboard.

    Dried spinach has a shelf life of one to two years when stored correctly.

    Frozen

    To freeze whole leaves, after washing and drying, simply pack loose leaves into a zip top freezer bag. Squeeze out as much air as possible before sealing then freeze.

    When thawed, the whole leaves take on a dark color and limp texture but still have plenty of flavor for dishes like soups and stews.

    A horizontal photo of fresh spinach leaves next to a block of frozen spinach leaves.A horizontal photo of fresh spinach leaves next to a block of frozen spinach leaves.

    And spinach can also be frozen in a puree.

    Process whole leaves in a blender or food processor with a couple of drops of water and blitz until they’re reduced.

    Spoon the puree into ice cube trays and freeze for three or four hours before transferring to freezer bags. Squeeze out as much air as possible before sealing the bag.

    Frozen leaves and puree keep in the freezer for up to one year.

    Canned

    To can fresh leaves, first cut out tough stems and ribs then blanch in a steamer basket for three or four minutes, or just until they’re lightly wilted.

    A horizontal photo of spinach leaves harvested in a wooden bowl.A horizontal photo of spinach leaves harvested in a wooden bowl.

    In clean, sterile quart jars, add one-half teaspoon of salt if desired.

    Fill the jars loosely with blanched leaves then add boiling water, leaving one inch of headroom.

    Seal the jars and process in a pressure cooker for 90 minutes at a pressure of 11 to 14 PSI, depending on your altitude.

    The National Center for Home Food Preservation has the recommended processing times for different altitudes.

    Please note that because spinach is a low-acid vegetable, it must be processed with a pressure canner and not in a hot water bath.

    Properly stored in a cool, dark cupboard, canned spinach has a shelf life of three to five years.

    Recipes and Cooking Ideas

    With a tender texture and mild, lightly sweet taste, raw spinach is a delicious addition to salads, smoothies, and wraps and makes fantastic, healthful juice.

    A horizontal photo of a fresh spinach salad with apples and walnuts on a dark plate atop a placemat and table.A horizontal photo of a fresh spinach salad with apples and walnuts on a dark plate atop a placemat and table.

    As a side dish, the leaves can be braised, creamed, steamed, and sauteed or included as an ingredient in dishes such as artichoke dip, frittata, omelets, pasta, pastry puffs, pizza, quiche, spanakopita, stuffed salmon, soup, and vegetarian lasagna.

    You can find many delicious spinach recipes to try at our sister site, Foodal… here are a few of my favorites.

    Richly flavored, Foodal’s creamy ricotta calzones are perfect for casual luncheons or game day entertaining.

    With chickpeas and vegan sausage, this recipe for farro grain bowls at Foodal is quick and easy with delicious, simple flavors.

    And with the bright, sunny flavors of Foodal’s sun-dried tomato pasta salad, spinach is a must-have.

    Quick Reference Growing Guide

    Plant Type: Annual vegetable Maintenance: Low
    Native to: Middle East Water Needs: Moderate
    Hardiness (USDA Zone): 5-9 Tolerance: Cool temperatures
    Season: Spring, summer, fall Soil Type: Humus-rich loam or sandy loam
    Exposure: Full sun in cool months, light shade in summer Soil pH: 6.5-7.0
    Time to Maturity: 30-50 days Soil Drainage: Well-draining
    Spacing: 6-12 inches Companion Planting: Brassicas, leeks, marigolds, radishes, strawberries
    Planting Depth: 1/2 inch (seeds) Avoid Planting With: Potatoes
    Height: 8-12 inches Order: Caryophyllales
    Spread: Up to 12 inches Family: Amaranthaceae
    Growth Rate: Moderate to fast Genus: Spinacia
    Common Pests and Diseases: Aphids, cutworms, leaf miners, slugs, snails; damping off, downy mildew, white rust Species: Oleracea

    Strong to the Finish When You Eats Your Spinach!

    Popeye the Sailor Man loved spinach and always had a can on hand for a quick burst of energy and strength!

    A horizontal photo of two spinach smoothies in mason jar mugs surrounded by the fresh ingredients used in the smoothies.A horizontal photo of two spinach smoothies in mason jar mugs surrounded by the fresh ingredients used in the smoothies.

    While this might be a bit impractical for us non-cartoon folks, spinach is loaded with important nutrients that contribute to strong muscles and overall good health. And it’s wonderfully easy to grow.

    Provide your plants with full sun in the cool months, plant in humus-rich soil, fertilize regularly, and keep the soil lightly moist for vigorous growth and vibrant leaf production. 

    Sow seeds frequently for multiple harvests and be sure to pick the leaves often to encourage fast regrowth.

    Do you have a favorite variety or two for your garden? Let us know in the comments section below.

    And for more information about growing nutritious leafy greens in your garden, check out these guides next:

    Lorna Kring

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