Tesla Inc.’s stock TSLA, -1.70%
dropped another 3% on Friday, extending its losses to a sixth straight session, its worst streak since a seven-session losing run in December. The stock is also poised to close at its lowest since June 2, when it closed at $213.97. It held on to its outperformance over the broader market, however, up 73% in the year to date compared with an advance of 14% for the S&P 500 index SPX, -0.01%.
Tesla earlier this week announced cheaper versions of its Model S and Model X luxury EVs.
U.S. stock indexes opened lower on Friday as the Dow Jones Industrial Average is on pace to book its worst week since March, while the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq Composite are headed for their third straight week of losses. The Dow industrials DJIA, -0.26%
was down 156 points, or 0.4%, to 34,328, with the blue-chip gauge dropping 2.7% for the week. The S&P 500 SPX, -0.54%
lost 0.6% on Friday, on pace to post a weekly decline of 2.7%. The Nasdaq COMP, -0.94%
was off 0.9%, losing 3.3% so far this week, according to FactSet data. Treasury yields were slightly lower on Friday morning, with the 10-year yield TMUBMUSD10Y, 4.234%
down 2 basis points, at 4.27% after rising to its highest level since 2007 in the previous session.
It’s that time again: monthly stock-market options for August are set to expire on Friday, potentially spurring more volatility in stocks after a bruising three-week run.
U.S. stock option contracts with a notional value of $2.2 trillion are set to expire, according to Rocky Fishman, founder of newly formed strategy firm Asym 500 and a former head of index derivatives strategy at Goldman Sachs Group. Notional value measures the market value of the stocks, indexes and exchange-traded funds controlled by the options, although the premiums paid by holders of the options are worth much less.
ASYM 500
Fishman noted that the size of option-market open interest expiring on Friday is about average for an off-month expiration.
Monthly options expire every month, but once a quarter — in March, June, September and December — an event known as “Triple Witching” takes place, causing notional value of expiring options to swell as quarterly and sometimes calendar-year options expire along with monthlies and weeklies.
Sessions where monthly options expire often see higher-than-normal volatility, and options-market analysts warned that the same could happen on Friday.
Charlie McElligott, a longtime derivatives strategist who publishes research on Nomura’s trading desk, warned clients that option dealers are “short gamma” heading into Friday’s expiration, increasing the potential for option dealers to exacerbate market volatility. McElligott illustrated this tendency in the chart below.
NOMURA
Why are dealers short gamma, and what does this mean? As stocks have stumbled, option traders have been buying put options and selling call options. As a result, dealers could be forced to hedge their positions by buying futures if stocks rise and their customers close out their short-call positions, or selling futures to hedge the risk of puts moving into the money.
This would serve to exaggerate the market’s move in either direction, driving a rising market higher and a falling market lower, McElligott said.
Dealers could hit “peak short gamma” if the S&P 500 falls to 4,320, sending a wave of puts into the money. If that happens, it’s possible dealers could slam stocks lower as they rush to avoid being on the hook for puts sold to customers. The S&P 500 SPX
finished Thursday at 4,370.36.
NOMURA
Gamma is used by options analysts to describe how quickly an option’s delta changes. Delta represents how sensitive the price of an option is to moves in the underlying asset. When options are about to expire, delta typically increases dramatically, since small moves that put it closer to being in or out of the money can have a dramatic impact on the option’s price.
Brent Kochuba, founder of SpotGamma, also cited risks tied to dealers’ short-gamma position in research shared with clients. SpotGamma shares data and analytics about the option market.
“We have been watching market gamma fall into negative gamma territory all month. Once it entered that range, price action became visibly choppier, as expected during these conditions,” he said in written commentary shared with MarketWatch and SpotGamma clients.
Option contracts give traders the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the underlying asset or currency. Often, options tied to stock-market indexes like the S&P 500 are settled in futures or cash. Options tied to exchange-traded funds like the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust SPY,
which tracks the S&P 500 index, are settled in shares of the ETF.
A put option allows the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to sell shares at an agreed-upon price known as the “strike price.” A call option, conversely, gives the holder the right to buy shares. Put options tend to appreciate when the underlying stock or index falls, while the opposite is true for calls.
U.S. stocks finished lower on Thursday, with the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite poised to record a third straight weekly decline, what would be the longest such streak for the S&P 500 since February.
The S&P 500 was off by 0.8% on Thursday, while the Nasdaq Composite COMP
fell by 1.2% to 13,316.93. The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA
shed 290.91 points, or 0.8%, to 34,474.83.
In addition to monthly options expiring Friday, weekly options known as “zero days until expiration” or “0DTE” options could further complicate the market’s reaction. A veteran Goldman Sachs Group strategist warned earlier this week that 0DTE traders have been limiting upswings in stocks while piling on the pressure when markets sink.
While negative returns might stir bad memories of last year’s shocking losses for bonds, stocks and nearly everything else, investors holding Treasury debt issued at 2023’s higher yields might want to sit back and take stock.
“This is the top thing we hear,” said Ryan Murphy, director of fixed-income business development at Capital Group, of evaporating returns in what’s been a tough August. “You saw the worst bond market in 40 years last year. Investors, they are tired, and feel beaten up.”
Murphy’s message to clients is this: “In bonds, you earn the money over time.” And those dwindling bond returns since January? “Approach it with a deep breath, and know this is going to work out in the end.”
Capital Group’s laid-back style and lack of “a star CEO” earned it recognition by Institutional Investor in March as “a new bond leader” without a king, in large part because it attracted $100 billion in funds over the past five years, or twice the total of its peers.
Recent volatility in interest rates again zapped yearly gains in many bond funds, as Fed officials continued to warn that a roaring labor market and robust spending could keep inflation from receding to the central bank’s 2% annual target.
The spike in long-term bond yields makes older, lower-yielding securities look comparatively less attractive. That’s reflected in the yearly return on a key Bloomberg U.S. government bond and note index, which turned negative for the first time since March (see chart), when several regional banks failed, stoking fears of a broader banking crisis.
Returns on U.S. government bonds turn negative for the year.
FactSet
However, a look back at August 2022 shows the 10-year Treasury yield starting around 2.6%, according to FactSet.
By contrast, Treasury bill yields BX:TMUBMUSD06M
neared 5.5% on Thursday, or “north of anything we’ve seen over the past 15 years,” Murphy said. And for investors looking to lock in longer-term yields, the 10-year Treasury rate BX:TMUBMUSD10Y
touched 4.307% on Thursday, its highest level since November 2007, according to Dow Jones Market Data.
“It’s becoming more expensive for the government and companies to finance debt because of the rapid climb in rates,” Murphy said of the drag of higher long-term interest rates.
On the flip side, it’s also been one of the best stretches for lenders and bond investors in terms of getting paid to act as creditors since the 2007-2008 global financial crisis, but without a U.S. recession — or at least not yet.
What’s also different from last year is that the Fed already jacked up interest rates to a 22-year high of 5.25%-5.5% in July, and has signaled it’s likely nearly finished with hikes in this cycle.
Record cash on the sidelines
Murphy pointed to a mountain of cash on the sidelines, in the form of assets in money-market funds, as another potential stabilizer for markets.
Assets in money-market funds hit a record $5.57 trillion for the week ending Wednesday, according to data from the Investment Company Institute.
“What’s really interesting is that there’s been two bursts of investors going into money-market funds. There was a big shift right at the onset of COVID, and another burst over the past 12-18 months since the beginning of the rate-hiking cycle,” Murphy said.
Looking back to 2008, he pointed to a similar buildup in money-market assets, and a roughly $1.1 trillion wall of cash subsequently leaving the sector, as financial assets began to recover in the wake of the financial crisis.
“What we did see, while not all of it, was a healthy amount went back into fixed-income in the following years,” Murphy said.
Stocks closed lower Thursday and were headed for another week of losses, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA
2.3% lower on the week so far, the S&P 500 index SPX
down 2.1% and the Nasdaq Composite Index off 2.4%, according to FactSet.
U.S. stocks traded lower for a third straight day on Thursday as rising bond yields spurred weakness in some of the so-called Magnificent Seven megacap stocks, helping to drive the Nasdaq to a six-week low.
How are stocks trading
The S&P 500 SPX
was down 2 points, or 0.1%, to 4,401.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA
shed 42 points, or 0.1%, to 34,725.
The Nasdaq Composite COMP
fell by 46 points, or 0.3%, to 13,428.
The Dow and S&P 500 were on track to extend a losing streak to a third straight session as major indexes headed for another week in the red. The S&P 500 hasn’t fallen for three weeks in a row since February, FactSet data show.
What’s driving markets
Bonds have resumed command of the stock market of late as higher yields lash shares of megacap technology stocks, undermining their status as the undisputed market leaders.
Long-dated Treasury yields continued to rise Thursday, with the 10-year yield BX:TMUBMUSD10Y
touching its highest level since the 2008 financial crisis, rising north of 4.31%. Bond yields move inversely to prices.
Rising yields helped heap more pressure on shares of some of this year’s highflying tech stocks, including Tesla Inc. TSLA, -0.34%,
Apple Inc. AAPL, -0.91%
and Microsoft Corp. MSFT, -0.01%
The elite group of megacap tech stocks which also includes Amazon.com Inc., Meta Platforms Corp. META, -0.24%
and Alphabet Inc.’s Class A GOOGL, +2.42%
and Class C GOOG, +2.48%
shares has been credited with driving much of the Nasdaq Composite’s nearly 30% run-up year-to-date. But their market dominance has faded in recent weeks as investors have favored other cyclical sectors like energy and materials stocks. Those two sectors were the best performers on the S&P 500 on Thursday.
“That’s a theme that’s been bubbling up here over the last three to four weeks, but there’s more of an exclamation point on it now,” said David Keller, chief market strategist at Stockcharts.com, during a phone interview with MarketWatch.
“First you had Microsoft and Apple breaking down a few weeks ago, now you’re getting Meta breaking below its 50-day moving average.”
Keller added that rising bond yields tend to have a bigger impact on growth stocks like technology names, while sectors like energy are more resilient.
“Energy can do just fine in a rising rate environment. energy and materials should probably do better in a relative basis,” he said.
Minutes from the Federal Reserve’s July meeting released Wednesday afternoon were being blamed for the latest leg higher in global bond yields. They showed that Fed policy makers could continue raising interest rates amid concerns that inflation could reaccelerate, potentially pushing bond yields even higher.
“It’s really uncertain where terminal interest rates will land given the economy isn’t giving us a decisive picture of being too strong or too weak. It’s keeping the window open for more rate hikes potentially,” said Mohannad Aama, a portfolio manager at Beam Capital Management, during a phone interview with MarketWatch.
Shares of Cisco rose 2.6%, while Walmart shares turned lower, down 1.2%.
Economic updates released Thursday helped support the notion that the U.S. economy is growing at a faster pace than economists had expected, potentially complicating the Fed’s efforts to tamp down inflation.
Chesapeake Energy Corp. CHK, +6.03% will replaceMercury Systems Inc. MRCY, +2.99%
on the S&P MidCap 400, S&P Dow Jones Indices said on Wednesday. Shares of Chesapeake were up 6%.
Shares of Cigna Group CI, -7.10%
and CVS Health CVS, -8.89%
dropped following a report that a major nonprofit health insurer was preparing to shun the pharmacy-benefit industry.
U.S. stocks posted back-to-back losses Wednesday after Federal Reserve minutes of its July meetings showed concerns about inflation revving back up. The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA fell about 180 points, or 0.5%, ending near 34,765, according to preliminary FactSet data. The S&P 500 index SPX gave up 0.8% and the Nasdaq Composite Index COMP closed 1.2% lower. All three benchmarks booked back-to-back loses, while the S&P 500 ending at its lowest level in more than a month. Minutes of the Fed’s July 25-26 meeting said “most participants continue to see significant upside risks to inflation, which could require further…
The S&P 500 on Tuesday closed below its 50-day moving average for the first time since March. It could portend more losses for the index, technical analysts said, suggesting that the summertime stock-market selloff isn’t over yet.
After trending lower all session, the index SPX closed down 51.86 points, or 1.2%, to 4,437.86 on Tuesday, its lowest closing level since July 11, according to FactSet data.
U.S. stocks closed sharply lower Tuesday as investors monitored signs of China’s darkening economic backdrop and gauged if a robust U.S. consumer could spell more Federal Reserve rate hikes. The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA fell about 360 points, or 1%, to about 34,946, according to preliminary FactSet data. The S&P 500 index SPX dropped 1.2% to about 4,437, its lowest close since mid-July, according to FactSet. The Nasdaq Composite Index COMP ended 1.1% lower. Chinese retail sales and industrial production in the world’s second biggest economy grew less than expected in July. Its growing property woes also contributed…
Hawaiian Electric Industries Inc.’s stock added to losses Tuesday, tumbling 26% after S&P Global Ratings downgraded its rating on the utility company to junk.
S&P Global Ratings cut its rating on the company HE to BB- and placed it on CreditWatch negative, meaning the rating agency could downgrade it again in the near term.
Investors were jolted by a stronger-than-expected retail sales report on Tuesday, which underscores the dual-edged sword now facing markets.
July’s 0.7% surge in retail sales is helping to bolster the view that a resilient U.S. economy can avoid a recession, despite more than a year of rate hikes by the Federal Reserve. However, the data also serves as another piece of information that some policy makers can use to support even more hikes in the final four months of this year, and left the benchmark 10-year Treasury yield…
U.S. stocks closed higher on Monday, with the Dow flipping positive near the closing bell, as technology stocks bounced back. The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA rose about 26 points, or 0.1%, ending near 35,308, according to preliminary FactSet data. The S&P 500 index SPX scored a 0.6% gain and the Nasdaq Composite Index COMP closed up 1.1%, booking its best daily percentage climb since July 28, according to FactSet data. The S&P 500’s information technology sector outperformed with a 1.9% gain, while the communication services segment rose 1%. The rally saw shares of Meta Platforms META, Apple Inc. AAPL, Alphabet…
Barry DiRaimondo, chief of SteelWave, a West Coast property developer that in the past half-century has partnering with many of the biggest names in commercial real estate, is looking for diamonds in the rough, distressed office properties located in the American city that many have given up on.
Others may be shunning San Francisco while it’s down on its luck, but DiRaimondo sees better days ahead, despite the city’s threat of a growing deficit, its fentanyl crisis, homelessness and a reluctant return of office workers to its financial core.
“Not much is coming up right now,” DiRaimondo said of buying opportunities, while speaking from his office in the heart of San Francisco’s financial district. But he was eager to point out several nearby buildings that could be candidates to buy, at the right price.
“I think over the next 12 to 18 months, you’re going to see a tsunami,” of distressed office properties, DiRaimondo said.
Like in many big cities, a wave of office buildings bought at peak prices before the pandemic now have a pile of debt coming due, at much higher rates. But San Francisco’s financial core only recently has begun to show flickers of hope in its weak recovery post-COVID.
“Whether it’s San Francisco, Oakland or anywhere here, and your debt is rolling, you’re having a conversation with your lender,” DiRaimondo said. “There’s either a restructuring going on or a foreclosure going on.”
A number of high-profile property owners this year surrendered local properties to lenders, including Westfield’s namesake shopping center downtown and a string of well-known hotels, a blow to the city’s comeback efforts.
Still, DiRaimondo expects the bulk of property ownership transfers in this boom-and-bust cycle to take place quietly, behind the scenes, often through a building’s debt changing hands. It’s a familiar playbook for veteran real-estate developers like SteelWave and its partners, especially when San Francisco office property values tumble and new loans remains expensive and hard to come by.
“Office is a nasty word, right now. Especially tech office,” he said. “We are doing something that’s a bit different.”
Booms, busts
San Francisco’s history as a boom-and-bust town perhaps is best suited for real-estate developers able to take a bunch of lemons and make lemonade.
That has been SteelWave’s signature move in the notoriously rough-and-tumble commercial real-estate industry, through its ups and downs. It has bought over $17.5 billion in properties and developments in the past five decades, first under the Legacy Partners Commercial brand before it was renamed in 2015.
It has partnered with some of the biggest names in commercial real estate, including with Angelo Gordon & Co. in 2021 on two Silicon Valley office buildings, but also distressed debt titans that include Rialto Capital, and with Chenco, one of the largest Chinese-owned U.S. real-estate investment firms.
Its stronghold is the Bay Area and DiRaimondo is now looking to raise a $500 million fund to buy distressed buildings, including in downtown San Francisco, a place major Wall Street lenders have been backing away from for months.
“It’s hard to raise equity to buy this stuff right now,” he said, but argues his strategy, which includes expanding its reach to potential investors in the U.A.E., Israel and parts of Europe, will pan out.
SteelWave’s model of buying a property includes a final tally of costs often three to four times the initial purchase price, due to extensive overhauls.
“Typically, what we do is buy something, tear it apart, put it back together, lease it, sell it,” DiRaimondo said.
It’s niche in the distressed world that’s already produced overhauls of buildings from Seattle to Colorado to Los Angeles, places the tech industry wants to lease.
In the southern California town of Costa Mesa, that meant partnering with Invesco to turn an old newsroom and printing press for the Los Angeles Times into a creative work campus. An opinion piece in 2022 from the newspaper described the revamp as turning, “the glum newspaper architecture into something inviting.”
Forget being a ‘rent bandit’
“In New York, people rushed back and refilled the apartments, streets, and subways. Restaurants and stores flooded with customers again,” a team from Moody’s analytics wrote in a recent “tale of two cities” report. “San Francisco, on the other end, battled safety concerns, homelessness, and population exodus which existed before but only became more obvious with barren neighborhoods.”
SteelWave thinks the old days of landlords raking in top-dollar commercial rents in San Francisco, while adding little back to office buildings, are a thing of the past.
“You have to have owners who want to create cool work environments to attract people back into the city,” DiRaimondo said of downtown San Francisco’s long slog back from the brink.
That means buying properties at low prices, but also risking putting money down for major improvements. He isn’t a distressed investors looking to become a “rent bandit,” he says, because the strategy will fail to get quality tenants.
Like the Moody’s team, DiRaimondo thinks San Francisco eventually will bounce back, but he thinks not before reality hits older office properties.
Take a “commodity” building downtown, often older and midblock with generic features, that previously might have been worth $750 to $800 a square foot. It now looks worth less than $300 a square foot, he said.
The early stages of fire-sales have begun already, with the 22-story tower at 350 California, nearby to DiRaimondo’s office, reportedly fetching $200 to $225 a square foot.
“San Francisco is not dead,” DiRaimondo said. “I think there are opportunities in San Francisco.”
Barry DiRaimondo, chief of SteelWave, a West Coast property developer that in the past half-century has partnering with many of the biggest names in commercial real estate, is looking for diamonds in the rough, distressed office properties located in the American city that many have given up on.
Others may be shunning San Francisco while it’s down on its luck, but DiRaimondo sees better days ahead, despite the city’s threat of a growing deficit, its fentanyl crisis, homelessness and a reluctant return of office workers to its financial core.
“Not much is coming up right now,” DiRaimondo said of buying opportunities, while speaking from his office in the heart of San Francisco’s financial district. But he was eager to point out several nearby buildings that could be candidates to buy, at the right price.
“I think over the next 12 to 18 months, you’re going to see a tsunami,” of distressed office properties, DiRaimondo said.
Like in many big cities, a wave of office buildings bought at peak prices before the pandemic now have a pile of debt coming due, at much higher rates. But San Francisco’s financial core only recently has begun to show flickers of hope in its weak recovery post-COVID.
“Whether it’s San Francisco, Oakland or anywhere here, and your debt is rolling, you’re having a conversation with your lender,” DiRaimondo said. “There’s either a restructuring going on or a foreclosure going on.”
A number of high-profile property owners this year surrendered local properties to lenders, including Westfield’s namesake shopping center downtown and a string of well-known hotels, a blow to the city’s comeback efforts.
Still, DiRaimondo expects the bulk of property ownership transfers in this boom-and-bust cycle to take place quietly, behind the scenes, often through a building’s debt changing hands. It’s a familiar playbook for veteran real-estate developers like SteelWave and its partners, especially when San Francisco office property values tumble and new loans remains expensive and hard to come by.
“Office is a nasty word, right now. Especially tech office,” he said. “We are doing something that’s a bit different.”
Booms, busts
San Francisco’s history as a boom-and-bust town perhaps is best suited for real-estate developers able to take a bunch of lemons and make lemonade.
That has been SteelWave’s signature move in the notoriously rough-and-tumble commercial real-estate industry, through its ups and downs. It has bought over $17.5 billion in properties and developments in the past five decades, first under the Legacy Partners Commercial brand before it was renamed in 2015.
It has partnered with some of the biggest names in commercial real estate, including with Angelo Gordon & Co. in 2021 on two Silicon Valley office buildings, but also distressed debt titans that include Rialto Capital, and with Chenco, one of the largest Chinese-owned U.S. real-estate investment firms.
Its stronghold is the Bay Area and DiRaimondo is now looking to raise a $500 million fund to buy distressed buildings, including in downtown San Francisco, a place major Wall Street lenders have been backing away from for months.
“It’s hard to raise equity to buy this stuff right now,” he said, but argues his strategy, which includes expanding its reach to potential investors in the U.A.E., Israel and parts of Europe, will pan out.
SteelWave’s model of buying a property includes a final tally of costs often three to four times the initial purchase price, due to extensive overhauls.
“Typically, what we do is buy something, tear it apart, put it back together, lease it, sell it,” DiRaimondo said.
It’s niche in the distressed world that’s already produced overhauls of buildings from Seattle to Colorado to Los Angeles, places the tech industry wants to lease.
In the southern California town of Costa Mesa, that meant partnering with Invesco to turn an old newsroom and printing press for the Los Angeles Times into a creative work campus. An opinion piece in 2022 from the newspaper described the revamp as turning, “the glum newspaper architecture into something inviting.”
Forget being a ‘rent bandit’
“In New York, people rushed back and refilled the apartments, streets, and subways. Restaurants and stores flooded with customers again,” a team from Moody’s analytics wrote in a recent “tale of two cities” report. “San Francisco, on the other end, battled safety concerns, homelessness, and population exodus which existed before but only became more obvious with barren neighborhoods.”
SteelWave thinks the old days of landlords raking in top-dollar commercial rents in San Francisco, while adding little back to office buildings, are a thing of the past.
“You have to have owners who want to create cool work environments to attract people back into the city,” DiRaimondo said of downtown San Francisco’s long slog back from the brink.
That means buying properties at low prices, but also risking putting money down for major improvements. He isn’t a distressed investors looking to become a “rent bandit,” he says, because the strategy will fail to get quality tenants.
Like the Moody’s team, DiRaimondo thinks San Francisco eventually will bounce back, but he thinks not before reality hits older office properties.
Take a “commodity” building downtown, often older and midblock with generic features, that previously might have been worth $750 to $800 a square foot. It now looks worth less than $300 a square foot, he said.
The early stages of fire-sales have begun already, with the 22-story tower at 350 California, nearby to DiRaimondo’s office, reportedly fetching $200 to $225 a square foot.
“San Francisco is not dead,” DiRaimondo said. “I think there are opportunities in San Francisco.”
History shows that things can get ugly — and volatile — for the U.S. stock market in August and September. So a rocky start to the month shouldn’t be a big surprise. Indeed, even bulls might pine for some near-term consolidation after a torrid run that saw the S&P 500 index SPX
rally nearly 20% over the first seven months of 2023. Through Friday’s close, the index is still up nearly 25% from its bear-market closing low of 3,577.03 hit on Oct. 12.
But what would send the 2023 rally decisively off the rails?
To answer that question, it helps to think about what has been driving the rally. Mark Hackett, chief of investment research at Nationwide, argues that the rally has largely been about fears that never materialized.
“I would say about 90% of the move that we’ve seen over the last 10 months has really been a walking back from the ledge of fear,” Hackett told MarketWatch, in a phone interview.
The October 2022 lows came as the Federal Reserve was hiking the fed-funds rate in outsize 75 basis point increments, inflation was just coming off its June peak last year above 9% and expectations for an imminent recession, or “hard landing,” were running hot.
Tom Essaye, founder of Sevens Report Research, contends the rally has been built on three pillars: The Fed is now seen by many investors as likely finished, or nearly finished, raising interest rates; the economy appears set to possibly avert a recession altogether, and inflation has remained largely on a downward path.
So trouble for the market would emerge if economic data were to falter and begin pointing to a hard landing, core inflation leveled off or bounced, or Fed Chair Jerome Powell signaled another rate hike is “definitely coming” and caused a further rise in Treasury yields.
“This scenario would essentially undermine the three pillars of the rally, and as such investors should expect a substantial decline in stocks, even considering the recent pullback,” Essaye said in a note last week. “In fact, a decline of much more than 10% would be likely in this scenario, as it would undermine most of the rationale for the gains in stocks since June (and perhaps all of 2023).”
That scenario has yet to materialize.
The year-over-year rate of inflation as measured by the U.S. consumer price index rose to 3.2% in July from 3% in June, data showed last week. But the core rate, which strips out food and energy, slowed to 4.7% from 4.8%. The July producer price index, a measure of costs at the wholesale level, came in a touch stronger than expected, but didn’t change investor expectations for the Federal Reserve to leave rates unchanged when policy makers next meet in September.
Policy makers will see another round of jobs data, including the August employment report, and inflation figures before that meeting.
Meanwhile, a jump in Treasury yields, with the rate on the 10-year note pushing back above 4.15% after hitting a 2023 high near 4.2% earlier this month, is getting much of the blame for continued softness in the stock market. Rising yields can make Treasurys look more attractive than other assets and also raise the cost of financing for companies.
The S&P 500 edged down 0.3% last week, suffering its first back-to-back weekly decline since May. The large-cap benchmark is down 2.7% so far in August, trimming its year-to-date gain to 16.3%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA
rose 0.6%, while the Nasdaq Composite COMP
shed 1.9%.
A lack of obvious near-term catalysts could set the stage for the market to further struggle. A light week lies ahead for U.S. economic data, featuring July retail sales on Monday and the release of the minutes of the Fed’s July meeting on Wednesday.
A slew of major retailers are set to deliver results as the second quarter earnings reporting season enters its final stretch.
Nationwide’s Hackett said the market setup coming into August was nearly a mirror image of October’s gloomfest. Hedge funds and other large investors are no longer betting against the market, while longtime bears and pessimistic economists are throwing in the towel and issuing mea culpas.
Stocks have rallied since late last year as fears priced into the market didn’t materialize, but now that dynamic is gone.
Just as overwhelming pessimism set the stage for the market rally, widespread optimism over a “Goldilocks” scenario of falling inflation, a tame Fed and solid economic growth could eventually spell trouble for the bulls, Hackett said. Expectations don’t yet appear that extreme, but bear watching, he said.
Meanwhile, investors also face seasonal concerns. August is historically a middling month for the S&P 500, producing an average gain of 0.67% based on data going back to 1928, according to Dow Jones Market Data. That makes August the fifth-worst performing month for the S&P 500. September is the worst performing month, producing an average downturn of 1.1%.
For the Dow Jones Industrial Average, August has seen an average return of negative 0.8% since 1986, making it the worst performing month for the blue-chip gauge. In the decades before 1986, August was the blue-chip gauge’s best month.
Going back to 1990, the Cboe Volatility Index VX00, -4.91%,
known as the VIX, has seen its yearly peak most often in January (six times), followed by August and October at five times each, noted Jessica Rabe, co-founder of DataTrek Research, in a note last week.
By that measure, investors are now in the middle of one of the most volatile months of the year with still another to come in October.
“U.S. equities tend to outperform during calmer environments, so it makes sense that they rallied in July, but are struggling so far in August,” Rabe said. “The upshot: seasonal trends say U.S. equities could prove whippy through October until quieting down during the last two months of the year.”
Hackett doesn’t expect the bull market to come off the rails, but sees scope for some near-term consolidation that will likely prove healthy over the long run.
“It’s something that you don’t want to try to be too cute with because I don’t see the market as being really susceptible to a significant period of pain. I think it’s just a pretty natural, pretty healthy consolidation phase,” he said.
The thing that will make companies lower prices is if consumers stop complaining about paying more for the things they need and want, and actually start refusing to buy them.
As the U.S. corporate earnings-reporting season progresses, with earnings from major retailers Walmart Inc. WMT, +0.59%,
Target Corp. TGT, +0.10%
and Home Depot Inc. HD, +0.52%
on tap next week, investors can get a ground-floor view of how consumer demand may have been hurt, or not, by higher prices, and what the companies plan to do, or not do, about it.
This dynamic of how consumers adjust their spending habits when prices change is referred to by economists as the price elasticity of demand.
“ For companies to cut prices, ‘you have to have the consumer go on strike, and they’re not there yet.’”
— Jamie Cox, Harris Financial Group
Those who trust companies will choose to ratchet down prices on their own, or at least not raise them because the rise in input costs has been slowing, haven’t been listening to what the many companies have told analysts on their post-earnings-report conference calls.
Kraft Heinz Co. KHC, +0.47%
acknowledged after its second-quarter report that its relatively higher prices have hurt demand, but not by enough for the food and condiments company to consider cutting prices.
Colgate-Palmolive Co. CL, +0.81%
said it will continue to raise prices, even as inflation slows and selling volume declines, as the consumer-products company continues to be laser focused on boosting margins and profits.
And while PepsiCo Inc. PEP, +0.16%
was worried that elasticities would increase, given how its lower-income customers were being particularly pressured by inflation, the beverage and snack giant reported strong results as it witnessed “better elasticities” in most of the markets in which it operated.
“Obviously, there is still carryover pricing, and I don’t think we’ll do anything different than our normal cycles on pricing in the balance of the year,” PepsiCo Chief Financial Officer Hugh Johnston told analysts, according to an AlphaSense transcript.
Basically, as MarketWatch has reported, so-called greedflation is alive and well.
Jamie Cox, managing partner for Harris Financial Group, said as long as the job market stays strong, as it is now, corporate greed will continue to pay off.
“If something is more expensive, and you have a job, you’ll complain about it, but you won’t substitute it for something cheaper,” Cox said. For companies to cut prices, “you have to have the consumer go on strike, and they’re not there yet,” Cox added.
“ ‘At some point, people are going to say, “All right — enough.” ’ ”
— Paul Nolte, Murphy & Sylvest Wealth Management
The reason elasticity is so important in the current environment is that, as long as consumers continue to pay the higher prices companies are charging, inflation will remain stubbornly high, making it, in turn, more likely that the Federal Reserve will continue to raise interest rates or, at the very least, not lower them.
But the longer interest rates stay high enough to crimp economic growth, the more likely the stock market will reverse lower as recession fears rise.
“At some point, people are going to say, ‘All right — enough,’ ” said Paul Nolte, senior wealth manager and market strategist at Murphy & Sylvest Wealth Management. “But we just haven’t seen that yet.”
What is elasticity?
Economists use the term “price elasticity of demand” to refer to the way in which consumers adjust their spending habits when prices change.
“Elasticity tries to measure how much more producers will want to produce if prices rise, and how much more consumers will want to buy if prices fall,” explained Bill Adams, chief economist at Comerica.
Elasticity often depends on the type of product a company sells.
For example, consumer-discretionary-goods companies that sell products and services that people want will often experience greater price elasticity than consumer-staples companies that sell things that people need, such as groceries and prescription drugs.
But even for needs, consumers often still have a choice, as less expensive generic, or private-label, alternatives may be available.
Andre Schulten, chief financial officer of consumer-staples maker Procter & Gamble Co. PG, +0.58%,
which recently beat earnings expectations as it continued to raise prices, telling analysts that, while there was “some trading into private label,” the overall market share of private-label products was unchanged for the year.
As Harris Financial’s Cox said, consumers may be complaining about higher prices, but they aren’t yet desperate enough to stop buying.
The Federal Reserve’s latest Beige Book economic survey stated that business contacts in some districts had observed a “reluctance” to raise prices as consumers appeared to have grown more sensitive to prices, but other districts reported “solid demand” allowed companies to maintain prices and profitability.
That’s likely why companies and analysts have become less concerned about price elasticity. Based on a FactSet analysis, mentions of the word “elasticity” in press releases and conference calls of S&P 500 companies SPX
increased as inflation and interest rates started surging in early 2022 through the end of the year.
Mentions of the word elasticity in earnings press releases and conference-call transcripts of S&P 500 companies.
FactSet
As the chart shows, “elasticity” popped up in more than 55% of earnings releases and conference calls in mid-2022, but with the second-quarter 2023 earnings-reporting season more than half over, mentions had dropped to about 20%.
Perhaps that will pick up, as retailers, especially those catering to lower-income customers — recall the PepsiCo comment — assess the demand impact of continued price increases.
Meanwhile, the branded-foods company Conagra Brands Inc. CAG, +0.71%,
whose wide-ranging food brands including Birds Eye, Duncan Hines, Hunt’s, Orville Redenbacher’s and Slim Jim, were starting to see the emergence of a different dynamic.
Chief Executive Sean Connolly said consumers were shifting behavior in some categories as prices remained high. Rather than trade down to lower-priced alternatives, he noticed some consumers buying fewer items overall, “more of a hunkering down than a trading down.”
That’s exactly the kind of consumer behavior that is needed, if companies are to stop feeding into the greedflation phenomenon and to start pulling back on prices.
U.S. stocks finished mostly lower on Friday, with only the Dow hanging on to gains, as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite capped off their first back-to-back weekly losses in months. The S&P 500 SPX, -0.11%
fell by 4.65 points, or 0.1%, to 4,464.18 on Friday, according to preliminary closing data from FactSet. The Nasdaq Composite COMP, -0.68%
shed 93.14 points, or 0.7%, to 13,644.85. The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, +0.30%
gained 105.32 points, or 0.3%, to 35,281.46. The Nasdaq has fallen for two straight weeks for the first time since a four-week losing streak ended on Dec. 30, according to Dow Jones Market Data. The roughly 4.7% drop during that period is the biggest two-week decline for the index since the week ending Dec. 16.
The numbers: The U.S. producer price index rose 0.3% in July, the Labor Department said Friday, up from a revised flat reading in June and the largest gain since January.
Economists polled by The Wall Street Journal had forecast a 0.2% advance.
The core producer price index, which excludes volatile food, energy prices, and trade services rose 0.2 in July, up from a 0.1% gain in the prior month. This is the largest increase since February.
Key details: Over the past year, headline producer price inflation was running at a 0.8% rate in July, up from 0.2% in the prior month.
Core prices are up 2.7% from a year earlier, matching the gain in June. Core PPI prices were running at a 5.8% rate in July 2022.
A big part of the increase in producer prices was in the services sector.
The cost of services rose 0.5% last month, up from a 0.1% drop in June. This is the largest increase in a year. The increase was led by a 7.6% gain for portfolio management.
The cost of goods rose 0.1% in July after a flat reading in the prior month.
Energy prices were flat in July, down sharply from a 0.7% gain in the prior month.
Wholesale food prices jumped 0.5% after a 0.2% fall in the prior month.
Further back on the production line, prices for intermediate goods fell 0.6%, the sixth straight monthly decline.
Big picture: Price pressures have been diminishing at the producer level much faster than at the consumer level. Economists are watching the inflation data closely to see if the July interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve was the last hike of the cycle.
What are they saying? “In short, PPI surprised to the upside in July. While we do not expect further rate hikes this year, if inflation surprises to the upside and the labor market and growth do not slow, another increase in interest rates cannot be ruled out in 2023,” said Rubeela Farooqi, chief U.S. economist at High Frequency Economics.
Nvidia Corp.’s stock chart now shows that the stunning uptrend investors in the semiconductor maker have enjoyed this year amid all the artificial-intelligence hype may have ended.
But as history suggests, after a long uptrend, rather than a new downtrend, investors may have to endure some whipsaw action within a relatively static trading range over the next several months before the uptrend resumes.
The stock NVDA, -0.72%
slumped 4.7% on Wednesday to close at $425.54, which was 10.4% below the July 18 record close of $474.94, following a downbeat earnings report from Super Micro Computer Inc. SMCI, +3.47%,
which counts Nvidia as a key supplier.
Many on Wall Street believe a correction is defined by a decline of at least 10% to up to 20% from a significant recent peak. A drop of 20% or more is thought of as a bear market.
But perhaps more important for chart followers, the stock closed below the widely followed 50-day moving average for the first time since Jan. 6, 2023. The 50-DMA had extended to $429.03 on Wednesday.
FactSet, MarketWatch
On Thursday, the stock bounced 0.5% in morning trading but held below the 50-DMA, which extended to $429.68, according to FactSet. Despite the recent correction, the stock was still up 192.6% year to date, while the PHLX Semiconductor Index SOX
has climbed 43.7% and the S&P 500 SPX
has advanced 17.2%.
The 50-DMA is used by many chart watchers as a short-term trend tracker. If the stock is above that line, it is viewed as being in an uptrend. The most time spent above that line, the stronger the uptrend.
Until Wednesday, Nvidia’s stock closed above the 50-DMA for 146 consecutive trading sessions, according to FactSet data, which is the second-longest stretch since it went public in January 1999.
The record stretch above the 50-DMA was 255 sessions, a streak that ended on Feb. 23, 2017, while the second-longest stretch of 143 sessions ended on Oct. 28, 2020.
After the stock snapped the super-50-DMA streak in 2020, it waffled around the line and was little changed for the next several months before resuming the uptrend with a big spike.
As an uptrend takes a several-month pause after the 50-DMA breaks, the 200-DMA becomes strong support.
FactSet, MarketWatch
As the chart above shows, after the 50-DMA broke, investors set their sights on the 200-DMA, which many view as a dividing line between longer-term uptrends and downtrends. In this case, despite a one-day dip below the 200-DMA in mid-March 2021, the line acted as strong support.
And after the record super-50-DMA streak, the stock seesawed around the line, while having a slightly negative bias for the next few months, before the uptrend resumed in force.
After the 50-DMA break, the 200-DMA was never threatened.
FactSet, MarketWatch
This time, the stock never really threatened the 200-DMA.
In the current technical situation, one of the downside levels to keep an eye on is the bear-market threshold of 20% below the July closing high, which comes in at $379.95. Another level to watch is the 200-DMA, which currently extends to $269.63 and has been rising by $1.65 a day over the past 10 days.
Shares of Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. were rallying more than 2% in Thursday’s premarket trading after the Chinese e-commerce giant topped expectations with its latest revenue and earnings.
The company notched fiscal first-quarter net income of RMB34.3 billion ($4.6 billion), or RMB13.30 per American depositary share, compared with net income of RMB22.7 billion, or RMB8.51 per ADS, in the year-before period.
On an adjusted basis, Alibaba BABA, +0.67%
earned RMB17.37 per ADS, while the FactSet consensus was RMB14.59 per share. Revenue rose to RMB234.2 billion from RMB205.6 billion, where analysts had been modeling RMB224.7 billion.
Chief Executive Daniel Zhang said the company’s reorganization was “beginning to unleash new energy across our businesses.” Alibaba recently realigned into six units with their own CEOs and boards of directors, and the ability to pursue independent fundraising.
“Through this self-driven transformation, we aim to catalyze innovation, promote vitality in our organization and enable businesses to focus on long-term growth,” Zhang continued. “We look forward to positive impacts on our business, including strengthening competitiveness, sustainable growth and shareholder value creation.”
Overall revenue for the company’s Taobao and Tmall Group, which represents the company’s core e-commerce marketplaces in China, rose to RMB115.0 billion from RMB102.5 billion.
Within that group, customer management revenue was up 10% to RMB79.7 billion, “primarily due to the increase in merchant’s willingness to invest in advertising” and an increase in the volume of online physical goods generated on the platforms.
Alibaba bought back $3.1 billion worth of ADRs during the June quarter, “which is supported by our continuous generation of strong free cash flow,” Chief Financial Officer Toby Xu said in the release. Free cash flow was RMB39.1 billion in the quarter, up 76% from a year earlier.
U.S.-listed shares of Alibaba are up about 8% so far this year.
Investors should think twice before picking an actively managed mutual fund according to its style category. By “style category,” I’m referring to the widely used method of grouping mutual funds according to the market-cap of the stocks they invest in and where those stocks stand on the spectrum of growth-to-value.
This matrix traces to groundbreaking research in 1992 by University of Chicago professor Eugene Fama and Dartmouth College professor Ken French, and has since been popularized by investment researcher Morningstar in the form of its well-known style box.
In urging you to think twice before picking a fund based on this matrix, I’m not questioning the existence of important distinctions between the various styles. Fama and French’s research convincingly showed that there are systematic differences between them. My point is that there also are huge differences within each style as well. You can pick a style that outperforms all others on Wall Street and still lose a lot of money, just as you can pick the worst-performing style and turn a huge profit.
This points to the two types of risk you face when picking an actively managed fund. You have the risk associated with the fund’s style (category risk) and you also have the risk associated with the particular stocks that the fund’s manager selects (so-called idiosyncratic risk). Idiosyncratic risk often overwhelms category risk, especially over shorter periods.
To illustrate, consider the midcap-growth style. As judged by the Vanguard Mid-Cap Growth ETF VOT,
this style produced a 28.8% loss in 2022. Yet, according to Morningstar Direct, the best-performing actively managed midcap-growth fund last year produced a gain of 39.5%, while the worst performer lost 67.0%.
This best-versus-worst performance spread of over 100 percentage points is illustrated in the accompanying chart. Notice that the comparable spread was almost as wide for many of the other styles as well. Though I haven’t done the research to compare 2022’s spreads with those of other calendar years, I have no reason to expect that they on average were any lower.
“ The only way to eliminate idiosyncratic risk when investing in particular styles is to invest in an index fund.”
The only way to eliminate idiosyncratic risk when investing in particular styles is to invest in an index fund benchmarked to the style in question. If you are enamored of a particular fund manager and willing to bet he will significantly outperform the category average, just know that you also incur the not-significant idiosyncratic risk that the fund will lag by a large amount.
The bottom line? By investing in an actively managed fund in a style category, you will be incurring the risk not only of that category itself but also the not-insignificant idiosyncratic risk of that particular fund. Fasten your seatbelt if that’s the path you take.
Mark Hulbert is a regular contributor to MarketWatch. His Hulbert Ratings tracks investment newsletters that pay a flat fee to be audited. He can be reached at mark@hulbertratings.com
