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Tag: Differentiation

  • What Does Differentiated Instruction Look Like in the Classroom?

    What Does Differentiated Instruction Look Like in the Classroom?

    By now, differentiation is everyday practice. The fact is, if you have a group of 20 students, you have 20 different personalities, interests, and approaches to learning. Differentiated instruction is a way of thinking about how to meet the needs of all students in your classroom and make sure every student learns. 

    What is differentiated instruction?

    Differentiation means adjusting what is taught, how it’s taught, what students produce, and adjusting the classroom environment to meet the needs of all students in your class. It’s a proactive approach to addressing learners’ needs. Differentiated instruction means that each student is working on content that they need to learn and on projects or activities that engage them. It’s not a strategy but a framework for how teachers approach planning and delivering lessons. 

    Carol Ann Tomlinson first defined the ideas behind differentiated instruction in the 1990s, and it quickly gained traction. Tomlinson identified how teachers should think about differentiated instruction while planning, considering three ways to think about students (readiness, interest, and learning profile) and four ways to differentiate (content, process, product, and learning environment) to customize in their classrooms.

    Differentiation can be as simple as pulling together small groups that are working on the same reading skill, or as complex as having 20 students working on 20 different projects. How you differentiate and what it looks like will depend on the lesson’s objectives and the students you have. 

    How do teachers implement differentiated instruction?

    As teachers use differentiated instruction, first they take student characteristics into account. Then they plan for learning using the four aspects of differentiation.

    Student characteristics

    Student readiness

    Each student will arrive at a new topic with a different level of knowledge and competency. Teachers gauge which skills students are ready to learn and what knowledge they already have before planning instruction. For example, a pre-test on the water cycle may show a teacher which students are familiar with the water cycle vocabulary and which need to be pre-taught important words before the main lesson.

    Student interest

    Student interest refers to students’ inherent passions and preferences. Yes, teachers need to cover the standards and topics for the grade, but knowing what students are interested in can shape how those topics are covered. For example, when studying extreme weather, a teacher who knows that many students are interested in engineering may offer students the choice of learning how weather events impact buildings around the world.

    We Are Teachers

    One way to understand your students’ interests is by administering a student survey.

    Learning profiles

    A learning profile is not a learning style. Instead, it is the combination of aptitudes and preferences that students bring to a lesson and how they approach their learning. A student’s learning profile impacts whether they will choose to write an essay or create a diorama, for example.

    Planning for differentiation

    Once teachers know who they are teaching, then Tomlinson outlines four ways they can differentiate.

    Content

    Content refers to how students access information or what the student is provided with to learn. Some ways to differentiate for content include:

    • Using leveled reading materials
    • Recording text into an audio file
    • Using spelling or vocabulary lists that are at students’ levels
    • Presenting ideas visually or auditorily
    • Using small groups to re-teach or pre-teach skills

    Process

    Process refers to the activities the student does to master content. Some ways to differentiate the process include:

    • Allowing students to explore topics that interest them
    • Providing differing lengths of time to complete projects
    • Creating personal to-do lists
    • Providing hands-on materials for students

    Product

    Product is what the student produces to show their learning. Ways to differentiate for product include:

    • Providing options for how students express what they learn (a speech, written report, diagram with labels)
    • Using rubrics that provide clear criteria for mastery and extension
    • Providing students with the option of working together or alone

    Learning environment

    The learning environment is the space where students learn, typically the school and classroom. Ways to differentiate the learning environment include:

    • Creating different spaces to work
    • Providing materials that are diverse 
    • Setting clear guidelines for independent work
    • Letting some students work alone while others work in groups
    • Having routines that allow students to get help when teachers are busy with other students

    Does differentiated instruction work?

    The goal of differentiated instruction is to meet the needs of all students, including English-language learners, gifted students, and students with IEPs. 

    Differentiated instruction includes evidence-based strategies like:

    • Effective classroom management
    • Grouping students for instruction
    • Assessing student readiness
    • Teaching at students’ Zone of Proximal Development

    As a practice, differentiated instruction does not have a strong research base, meaning that there are not enough research studies that show that differentiated instruction does or does not produce results in student achievement. However, more evidence is being produced that shows it has a positive impact on student learning. 

    We do know that differentiated instruction incorporates lots of best practices and practices that do move the needle for students. For example, we know that:

    • When teachers differentiate instruction for students with specific needs (English-language learners, gifted students, and students with disabilities), all students in the class benefit.  
    • Differentiated instruction particularly benefits students with learning disabilities. 
    • When students participated in a reading program that incorporated differentiated instruction, they scored higher than students that participated in a reading program without differentiation. 

    Ways To Differentiate Instruction

    There are countless ways to differentiate. Here are five awesome ideas to start with.

    Pre-teach vocabulary

    vocabulary practice worksheet
    We Are Teachers

    Pre-teach vocabulary and differentiate how you teach vocabulary with these printable vocabulary worksheets.

    Teach a color-coding strategy

    paper about sharks with sentences highlighted in different colors
    We Are Teachers

    Use this color-coding strategy to help students identify and focus on various parts of a text.

    Stock your library

    A differentiated classroom should include books that are at varying reading levels and that are culturally diverse and relevant for students. When your library is differentiated, students have the content they need already on the shelves.

    Use choice boards

    example of a choice board for differentiated instruction
    Lindsey Daly via We Are Teachers

    Choice boards allow students to choose how they show what they know. Create your choice boards based on what you know engages students, whether that’s creating online presentations or breaking out the art supplies.

    Learn more: How one teacher uses choice boards

    Provide flexible seating

    Mixing up how and where students sit to work, read, and discuss brings differentiation into your learning environment. Flexible seating doesn’t have to be expensive though. Check out the video above to learn to make flexible seating using pool noodles and some DIY skills.

    Learn more: Best Flexible Seating Options

    Check out this list of even more Differentiated Instruction Strategies to try in your classroom.

    Must-Read Differentiated Instruction Professional Development Books

    How To Differentiate Instruction in Academically Diverse Classrooms by Carol Ann Tomlinson

    book cover how to differentiate instruction
    Amazon

    Buy it: How To Differentiate Instruction in Academically Diverse Classrooms

    The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of All Learners by Carol Ann Tomlinson

    book cover the differentiated classroom
    Amazon

    Buy it: The Differentiated Classroom: Responding to the Needs of All Learners

    Differentiation in Middle & High School by Kristina Doubet and Jessica Hockett

    book cover differentiation in middle and high school
    Amazon

    Buy it: Differentiation in Middle & High School

    Have questions about differentiated instruction and how to use it in your classroom? Join the We Are Teachers HELPLINE group on Facebook to exchange ideas and ask for advice!

    Samantha Cleaver, PhD, Special Education & Reading Intervention

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  • Celebrating Educator Excellence with our First-Ever Discovery Education Award Recipients

    Celebrating Educator Excellence with our First-Ever Discovery Education Award Recipients

    McKenna Akane, Alberton School District, Montana

    McKenna Akane designs lessons that are interactive, relevant, and meaningful by connecting classroom concepts to real-world applications and experiences. Whether through field trips, guest speakers, or project-based learning activities, she helps students see the practical implications of what they are learning, sparking their curiosity and engagement.

    Mrs. Akane has developed a proposal for a Virtual Reality (VR) project and curriculum that will truly revolutionize the way students across the country learn and interact with Montana’s Indigenous community. Working together with the University of Montana, Blackfoot Communications, and several other local partnerships, she has developed a K-12 project to provide meaningful Indian Education for All experiences. Utilizing high-powered computers and 360-degree cameras, students will reach out to Montana First Nations to record language, cultural traditions, ceremonies, and document tribal history from different Nations. In partnership with a VR education company, her students will then create VR lessons and tours and upload them to the company’s course offerings where other students across the world will be able to connect and interact with Montana’s Indigenous People virtually.

    Frank Bogden, Loudoun County Public Schools, Virginia 

    Mr. Bodgen uses a variety of materials, technology, and resources to promote the development of critical thinking, problem solving, and performance skills in all students. Mr. Bogden has gone from creating Genius Hours in his classroom to creating a Makerspace complete with LEGO bricks, Ozobots, Makey Makeys, and two 3-D Printers! He is particularly proud of how he discussed and used green screens for a myriad of uses for students. His lessons have inspired students to apply various greens screens to create stories, provide summaries, and create reports on a variety of academic topics. 

    Mr. Bogden is also credited with bringing computer science and Discovery Education resources into every classroom in the school! There were many teachers who didn’t know about Discovery Education and didn’t know their students could complete many computer science projects and concepts. The innovative initiatives Mr. Bodgen has spearheaded provide real-world connections, foster curiosity, and recognize the uniqueness of each student.

    Rodney Crouse, Guilford County Schools, North Carolina

    Rodney Crouse captures moments to hook and leave students on the edge of their seats when he’s teaching. He finds creative and invigorating ways to take students on an amazing learning journey. He infuses content across all core subjects to make learning time meaningful for all levels of learners.

    Mr. Crouse recently organized a virtual field trip touring a local museum, the Greensboro History Museum. He knew that students may not be able to see or feel the artifacts and that it was important to get them as close as possible. 

    The nomination for Mr. Crouse explained, “He looks for new challenges and ways to evolve as an educator. It’s like he’s on a real-time mission and looking for the schools/students who need him, and he works with district curriculum staff to create units for teacher use. When you watch him teach, he engages and connects with every learner in the process. That’s how he writes units and plans lessonswith students at the center of the learning.”

    Debbie Martin, Frederick County Public Schools, Virginia 

    Debbie Martin inspires other teachers to utilize resources, including Discovery Education tools, to allow students to independently discover, work collaboratively, and access curriculum in a way that helps them make sense of the world. Ms. Martin takes a vested interest in all she works with, both adults and students, to ensure they have access to the highest quality instructional support and resources.

    Ms. Martin led the district to increase the use of Discovery Education as a meaningful and intentional resource that drives student learning, specifically in social studies and science. Ms. Martin used her knowledge of Discovery Education tools, along with her excitement, to help teachers find valuable tools to provide direct instruction, independent discovery for students, collaborative activities, and even leveled reading. 

    As Ms. Martin wraps up her career as an educator, her growth is immeasurable. Her ability to coach teachers so that they are driving their own learning and discovery of resources is impeccable. Ms. Martin knows that everyone has different needs and continues to grow her strategies and resources to help others do the same!

    Rita Mortenson, Verona Area School District, Wisconsin

    Rita Mortenson is a technology coach who helps educators develop their capacity to use technology in equitable, creative, and meaningful ways. She loves finding creative ways to nurture student curiosity and allow them to showcase their knowledge authentically. 

    In the Verona Area School District, Ms. Mortenson has used Discovery Virtual Field Trips to pair high school students with various grades for collaborative learning events. After watching the virtual field trip, high school students and students from different grades engage in activities that deepen understanding and create connections. For example, after students watched the Discovery Education/LEGO Virtual Field Trip ‘Play to Learn,’ students from a neighboring elementary school came to the high school to work with a robotics class. They had an opportunity to build and play with LEGO bricks and robots.

    When she first joined the Discovery Educator Network, Ms. Mortenson was an enthusiastic participant, and over time, she has evolved as a leader. She recently presented at the DENSI Summer 2023 Institute, the 2023 Fall Virtcon, the 2024 “24+ Ways to Use DE in 2024,” and has a proposal accepted at ISTE that will focus on DE Virtual Field Trips. Ms. Mortenson’s involvement with DE reflects her commitment to her own learning and her contributions to educational technology advancement in her community.

    Rachel Anzalone

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  • Remediation, Intervention, and Acceleration

    Remediation, Intervention, and Acceleration

    Many intervention models include Response to intervention (RTI) or Multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) frameworks. MTSS is a coherent continuum of evidence-based, systemwide practices and procedures to support a rapid response to academic and behavioral needs. RTI is a multi-tiered approach to helping struggling learners that nestles within MTSS. It focuses on academics and individual students. Within RTI, students’ progress is closely monitored at each intervention stage to determine the need for further research-based instruction or intervention in general education, special education or both.

    Because intervention is individualized, it requires educators to invest much more time into identifying each student’s needs, differentiating lessons, and tracking progress. In a traditional intervention model, highly-trained instructors work 1:1 with students to provide the exact type of support they need. Many administrators turn to adaptive technology as a helpful tool to provide personalized intervention support at scale.

    Which students need intervention and which students just need a little help from time to time?

    Students fit into three intervention tiers; students within Tier I generally get the support they need from regular classroom instruction.

    • Tier III: Intensive level (1-5% of students)
      Learners are more than one grade level behind and require individualized, intensive skill-specific intervention with one-to-one or small-group instruction outside the classroom.
    • Tier II: Targeted level (5-15% of students)
      Learners are behind by one grade level and should receive individualized support. Educators often deliver instruction in small groups and target supplemental instruction and remediation of specific skills or concepts.
    • Tier I: Universal level (80-90% of students)
      Learners may need basic support, but they can get necessary intervention with high-quality, research-based instruction within the traditional classroom.

    DE Staff

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