Tag: CPA

How to Identify a Good Investment (Even During Economic Uncertainty) | Entrepreneur
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Rising inflation. Ongoing supply chain problems. International conflict.

There’s a lot of volatility in the market today, which has many entrepreneurs and investors feeling stressed. With this much uncertainty, choosing how to allocate money and being confident in those choices can be challenging. Too often, people get trapped in analysis paralysis or needlessly lose sleep second-guessing themselves.

One of the best ways to ease that stress is to take the emotion out of your decision-making. And the best way to take emotion out of the equation is to establish a clear set of investing criteria. By knowing precisely what a good investment looks like, you’ll be able to make wise decisions quickly, efficiently and confidently, no matter what else is happening in the world.

Related: Why the Current Volatile Market is an Opportune Time for Impact Investing in Undercapitalized Entrepreneurs

Step 1: Understand who you are and what you want

Investing is not a one-size-fits-all process. An excellent opportunity for you may not be great for someone who doesn’t share your interests, risk profile and goals. This means establishing your investing criteria begins with introspection.

Spend time answering the following questions:
- What kind of lifestyle do you want your investments to fund? The answer to this question will help you begin to create accurate financial targets.
- Are there certain types of assets you enjoy more than others? Some people love buying and managing real estate, while others prefer commodities or currency. Some people are deeply involved in a single business, while others enjoy the thrill of serial entrepreneurship.
- How do you feel about using leverage? The extent to which you’re willing to use borrowed capital as a source of funding will impact the types of investments that make it onto your preferred list. Strategically using leverage can dramatically increase your opportunities to generate returns, but this technique isn’t a good fit for everyone.
Step 2: Use the tax law to your advantage

I always tell my clients: The tax law is a series of incentives. It is the government’s way of telling you what it wants you to do, and when you listen, the government is willing to invest with you. So, while there are a lot of investments that will increase your taxes as you earn more money, there are some excellent options that the government is so excited to have you make it is willing to reduce or even eliminate your taxes.

How does this work? Governments around the world recognize their societies are better off when businesses and private citizens invest in things like creating jobs, building housing and growing food. So, they create tax incentives to promote these investments.

I recently wrapped up an in-depth study of these incentives in the U.S. and 14 other countries and identified seven categories of investments that every government supports. The categories are:
- Business
- Technology, research and development
- Real estate
- Energy
- Agriculture
- Insurance
- Retirement savings
Which of these categories matches the criteria you established in step 1? Spend time learning more about what incentives the government offers to investors in the categories that interest you most. When you use these incentives, you’re putting yourself in a position to build wealth faster by decreasing the amount of money you’re paying in taxes.

Choose the category that fits you best. Then, double down on your research. Ideally, you will become narrowly focused on a specific niche within your chosen category. The more you learn about a specific investment and the more focused you become, the more you will increase your expertise. The greater your expertise, the lower your risk.

Related: 7 Best Types Of Investments In 2023

Step 3: Make a checklist

Now that you have clarified what you’re looking for in an investment and identified the tax-effective categories in which you’ll invest, you can finalize the specific criteria you’ll use for evaluating each option. Your goal is to create a detailed checklist that lets you quickly and confidently determine which investments suit you best. Once you have established this framework within your investing niche, you’ll be able to scale your investment process.

Your list should include the prospective investments:
- Target rate of return
- Expected cash flow
- Leverage requirements
- Exit strategy
- And, of course, tax repercussions
Creating this framework isn’t a black-and-white task. Your goals, circumstances and values will determine what makes an investment a good fit for you.

You absolutely can and should do this work with the support of your CPA and other financial advisors. They can help you navigate the technical requirements on the tax side and make more precise financial estimates. Having the right team in place, alongside a proven wealth and tax strategy, serves as extra protection from making poor choices in high-stress situations.

At the end of the day, you’ll have the peace of mind that comes from knowing you are making investment decisions based on where you are in life, where you want to go and how you’d like to get there. Plus, when you build your investing strategy in connection with your tax strategy, you’ll be able to make more money, more quickly and pay fewer taxes at the same time.
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Tom Wheelwright

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March 28, 2023
Selling Your Business? Do These 6 Things Right Now. | Entrepreneur

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Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

According to data from the Small Business Administration, more than half of the small business owners in the U.S. are over the age of 50. Because of this, many of us are starting to think about the future and possibly one day selling our businesses. This is why research site BizBuySell reported that the business-for-sale marketplace grew almost 5% last year, a gain of 19% since 2020 and the first half of 2023 has already “experienced strong year-over-year gains.”

There are many reasons I’m expecting to see continued growth in the number of small business owners looking to exit their companies over the next few years. Our population is aging and much of the “boomer” generation is at retirement age. Capital gains and estate tax rates — for now, at least — remain at historic lows. Stock market volatility is driving some people to seek more stable, controllable returns for their money. And a growing number of millennials have now gained enough business experience to want to venture out on their own, and buying an existing business rather than starting from scratch is an attractive option.

If some or all of these factors are making you think it could be time to sell your business, then know that this won’t occur overnight. You will need to plan and take these six actions before dipping your toes into the market.

Re-visit your buy-sell agreement

If you have other equity partners, I’m hoping you have some type of partnership or buy-sell agreement which indicates the process that will need to be followed if one or more partners exit a business — be it voluntary or not. This agreement addresses issues like valuation, insurance, taxes, transfer of shares and death or sickness of a partner. If you and your partner(s) have agreed to sell your business sometime in the future, then it’s critical to update this agreement so that everyone’s on the same page as to how the transaction will go. No buyer wants to walk into a messy divorce.

Pay for a valuation now

Humans always think that we’re more important than we really are. And business owners always think that our businesses are worth more than they really are. Before entering into the buy/sell market, it’s important to get a reality check. To do this, I recommend hiring an independent appraiser (ask your accountant or attorney or search online) and letting a professional without an agenda tell you just how much your company may be worth. Your appraiser should have a CBA (Certified Business Appraiser) or ASA (Accredited Senior Appraiser) qualification. Getting an appraisal done earlier will be a reality check and allow you to zero in on the areas of your business that need to be fixed in order to increase your company’s value. That way you can go into the market with a price for which you have confidence.

Do a document check

Take the time now to scan every important (and current) document, contract, agreement, tax return (from the past three years, at least) and written record that your company has. This includes any and all paperwork that supports your employee, real estate, insurance, intellectual property, contractor, leases, loans, supplies, sales and government obligations. Organize and save these documents online where they can be shared with permission because you will absolutely be asked to provide them. Don’t make this a last-minute fire drill.

Bring in a technology expert

Technology has become a significant factor in the sale of a business. We live in a big data world and buyers are looking to purchase information that they can use. They also want to make sure that a target’s systems are up-to-date and secure so that big investments and changes can be minimized after the sale of a business. To do this, you’ll need to bring in an outside technology firm to evaluate your network, hardware, security, software, and databases and give you an honest report on just how out-of-date you are and what investment is required to bring your system into (at least) the 19th century.

Visit Home Depot

When selling your business, you’re going to be visited by many outsiders. Perception is important and if a potential buyer drives a car over potholes in your lot, trips over cracks on your sidewalk and has to wipe away drips from a leaky ceiling that’s going to have an impact on what they think of you as an owner and the valuation that they would apply to your business. Like any homeowner looking to sell their house privately, you’ll need to spruce up your physical location to make it look attractive and up to date.

Finally, assemble your team

You are not going to successfully sell your business at the best value possible without a team effort. Now is the time to think about and assemble your advisory team to help you through this transaction. All important, in my opinion, is to have a great financial person — a certified public accountant or similar — to work alongside you as, in the end, this transaction is all about the numbers and you’ll need someone with a financial mind and good communication skills to help you drive it. You’ll also need a good attorney to review and create agreements. There may be other experts on the periphery — like a specialized tax person or an insurance advisor. I also strongly recommend using a business broker and making that broker part of your team as well. Brokers serve a vital function — they are experienced in buying and selling companies and can use that experience to move a transaction forward, despite the inevitable obstacles that will be faced.

These are the six things you should be doing before you even put your business up for sale. Notice anything? How about this: We should all be doing these things regardless of whether we plan to sell our businesses, right? Our job as business owners is to maximize the value of our companies so that they continue to grow and succeed. That’s what a potential buyer thinks. We should be thinking the same.

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Gene Marks

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March 20, 2023
10 Important Tax Numbers Every Business Owner Should Know to Save | Entrepreneur

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Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

I’m a certified public accountant but my firm doesn’t prepare tax returns. However, I’m also a business owner. This means, like my best clients, I pay close attention to my taxes. Why? Because for a business owner, taxes are usually one of our biggest expenses. If you’re running a business, these are 10 federal tax numbers that are very important for all of us in 2023.

$160,200

This is the maximum amount of wages that can be taxed for social security (FICA) benefits at 6.2% (the 1.45% Medicare tax has no limit). Any wages paid over this amount are not subject to the FICA tax — employee or employer. This is important because if you raise an employee’s compensation above this amount, they’re receiving an added tax benefit which should be part of your salary considerations this year.

Related: These Are the Top Tax Filing Mistakes Made by Small Business Owners (and How to Avoid Them)

$6,500

This is the amount you can contribute to an individual Roth IRA account. Roth IRAs often get ignored by my clients but they’re a fantastic way to put after-tax money away and watch it grow tax-free with no penalties or additional taxes on withdrawal. Because the stock market is down, I have a number of older clients taking distributions from their 401(k)s, paying the tax on a lower capital gain, and then transitioning those amounts to a Roth where the amounts are never taxed again. Everyone should be putting money into a Roth IRA.

$7,500

This is an added “catch-up” contribution that can be made to your 401(k) account if you’re over the age of 50 — which means that more than half of business owners in the U.S. are probably eligible. There’s also a $1,000 catch-up for individual IRAs for people in this age group. Thanks to the recently passed Secure 2.0, the 401(k) catch-up amount is going to rise to as much as $10,000 annually for those between the ages of 60 and 63 starting in 2025 and will then be adjusted for inflation each year.

$66,000

That’s the amount that can be contributed to a 401(k) plan this year which includes both employer and employee contributions and does not include any “catch-up” contributions. This amount is limited to your income and discrimination tests (see below).

$150,000

That’s the amount of compensation that defines a “highly compensated employee.” This is important because the number of people you have in your 401(k) retirement plan that earns over this amount will figure into your plan’s year-end discrimination testing and that may limit the amount you — and they — can save. The takeaway: The more employees —particularly non-highly compensated employees — that contribute to your 401(k) plan, the more you can contribute.

Related: 3 Ways to Save Money on Taxes That Most Entrepreneurs Miss

$0.655

That’s the IRS-reimbursable mileage rate for 2023 and it changes every year based on the fluctuating costs of operating a vehicle. This is important because you can reimburse your employee for any miles traveled above the commute to your office (for example to a customer) and you’ll get a tax deduction — and the amount won’t be taxable to them. This is potentially a great added benefit to provide for your staff, particularly in these times of high gas costs.

$300

This is the amount you can pay your employees each month to reimburse for their commuting expenses. You’ll get a deduction and they won’t be taxed. If an employee drives to work, you can also pay them $300 to reimburse for their parking expenses with the same tax treatment. It’s another benefit to consider and could be a helpful enticement to get your people back into the office more often.

$1,160,000

That’s the maximum Section 179 deduction you can take this year for the acquisition of capital assets. This applies to both new and used assets like capital equipment, machinery, furniture and most computer software. There are “bonus” depreciation deductions that your business can take in addition to the Section 179 amounts. You can even finance these purchases and get these deductions — just make sure they’re “in service” by year-end.

$12,920,000

That’s the individual federal estate lifetime tax exemption which means that a married couple can leave more than $25 million of their assets upon their deaths tax-free to the beneficiaries. After that, most transfers of assets will be taxed at 40%. This exemption gets reduced to $7,000,000 individually in 2026.

$17,000

This is the amount you can gift this year and the recipient won’t be taxed. This is in addition to the lifetime addition above and applies to anyone, not just family members.

You know what’s coming next, right? It’s the usual caveat where I write that your situation may be unique and you should always consult your tax professional before making any decisions based on the above numbers.

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Gene Marks

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March 20, 2023
‘There’s definitely an accountant shortage out there’: MBAs have become the go-to degree and companies are struggling to hire enough CPAs

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Securing the next generation of accountants won’t be easy. It may take some grassroots campaigning by mentors and family members to influence their loved ones to go that path, a technology boost, and a “CPA Evolution.”

“There’s definitely an accountant shortage out there,” says Ben Lansford, an accounting professor and director of the Master of Accounting program at the Jones Graduate School of Business at Rice University. “I hear it from the firms.” And in talking with colleagues at universities nationwide, “we see the declining enrollment in graduate accounting programs,” Lansford says.

In 2021, there was a 17% drop in employed accountants and auditors from a 2019 peak, according to a Bloomberg Tax analysis. But the number of companies trying to hire accountants hasn’t slowed one bit.

Between 2021 and 2031, on average, about 136,400 openings for accountants and auditors are projected each year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) occupational outlook handbook. The openings are due to workers leaving the field for different occupations or retiring.

“In general, employment growth of accountants and auditors is expected to be closely tied to the health of the overall economy,” BLS states in the handbook.

The next generation of accountants and auditors is in demand, but Lansford explained why some are hesitant. “Accounting is difficult,” he says. “It’s just a tough subject area, and you need a fifth year of college education to qualify to sit for the CPA exam. It makes a major less appealing to a lot of people.”

But what needs to be communicated to students and young professionals is the time and energy is worth it, Lansford says. “It’s still a good path,” he says. “A rock-solid foundation.” The Big Four accounting firms are even reaching out to high school students to share that message and creating more flexible work environments, Lansford says.

But it may take a village to get a student interested in accounting.

“I find that often those students have an older family member, parent, aunt, or uncle, or friend of the family who took that same path and counseled the student about the benefits of accounting,” Lansford says.

Over the past three years, Lansford has observed more students in graduate accounting programs choosing consulting jobs because they pay more than being entry-level accountants at a firm, he says. According to the BLS, the median annual wage for accountants and auditors was $77,250 in May 2021.

‘CPA Evolution’

But changes to the CPA are coming—with the hope of attracting tech workers to the profession. “The AICPA is calling it a CPA Evolution, and it’s really an overhaul of the CPA exam,” Lansford explains. Starting in 2024, “everyone will take the same three sections, but for the fourth exam section, you can specialize in financial reporting, auditing, tax, or you can specialize in IT. The goal of the change is to make the tent bigger, so to speak.” That’s an interesting addition, since CFOs are increasingly finding themselves at the center of major IT projects.

But one drawback under the new CPA exam model is everyone still gets the same CPA certification, Lansford says. There’s no special designation that you took the IT exam area, he says. “So, we as academics are interested in seeing how things play out,” he says.

In recent years MBAs seem to have eclipsed CPAs. But maybe the number crunchers shouldn’t be counted out just yet.

See you tomorrow.

Sheryl Estrada
sheryl.estrada@fortune.com

Big deal

An increase in customer expectations for e-commerce is placing “intense pressure” on retailers to rebuild their supply chains. That’s one of the key findings of “Increase your pace in the e-commerce race,” a new study conducted by the CMO Council and Business Performance Innovation Network, in cooperation with Attabotics, a robotics and software company. Executives are acutely aware of the need for supply chain and fulfillment transformation and looking for innovative and economically-sound ways to drive change. But they face significant financial and technological hurdles. Legacy systems (70%) and infrastructure in addition to the cost of replacement (61%), were listed as the top barriers to supply chain transformation. The findings are based on a survey of more than 150 executives and professionals across retail, e-commerce, consumer products, distribution, and consulting firms involved in consumer supply chains.

Courtesy of the CMO Council

Going deeper

“San Francisco died so the Bay Area could thrive: What the 10 fastest-growing metro areas reveal about the world of remote work,” a new Fortune report, delves into the findings of research by the Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise, which points to the metro areas experiencing the most growth as business establishes a new normal after the pandemic.

Leaderboard

Deborah Thomas, EVP, and CFO at Hasbro, Inc. (Nasdaq: HAS), a global entertainment company, plans to retire. Hasbro is conducting an internal and external search for a successor. Thomas will remain as CFO until her successor is in place. She joined the company in 1998.

Michael W. Kalb was named EVP and CFO at CinCor Pharma, Inc., effective Nov. 4. He succeeded Terry Coelho who has retired. Kalb was previously CFO for Amarin Corporation, a cardiovascular-focused pharmaceutical company. Before Amarin, he worked at Taro Pharmaceuticals where he was the CFO and chief accounting officer. His experience also includes a director in the Accounting and Financial Consulting Group of Huron Consulting Group Inc., and over 10 years at Ernst & Young, LLP.

Overheard

“I want to take accountability for these decisions and for how we got here. I know this is tough for everyone, and I’m especially sorry to those impacted.”

—Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg wrote a letter to employees on Wednesday announcing the company was reducing its workforce and letting go of more than 11,000 employees, Fortune reported.

This is the web version of CFO Daily, a newsletter on the trends and individuals shaping corporate finance. Sign up to get it delivered free to your inbox.

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Sheryl Estrada

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November 10, 2022
An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away? Our CPAs Say a PayCheckUp Keeps the IRS at Bay

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Learn Why the Changes in Tax Law Affected Your Paycheck and What You Should Do Now

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July 1, 2018