Robinhood Markets Inc. accidentally sold short on a small stock as it went on a meme-like ride in December, costing the trading app more than the stock’s current market capitalization, executives disclosed Wednesday.
In an earnings call, Robinhood Chief Executive Vlad Tenev noted a “processing error on a corporate action” that was “really disappointing,” leaving Chief Financial Officer Jason Warnick to spell it out.
“A processing error caused us to sell shares short into the market, and although it was detected quickly, it resulted in a loss of $57 million as we bought back these shares against a rising stock price,” Warnick said.
When Cosmos Health effected a 1-for-25 reverse stock split that Friday morning in December, just hours after announcing its intentions, trading portals did not appear prepared. As MarketWatch reported on the day, TD Ameritrade publicly told Twitter users that the company had not received the newly issued shares to dole out to their clients as the stock spiked. A Charles Schwab Corp. SCHW, -0.71%
spokesperson emailed MarketWatch the next week to say that the distributions were all taken care of as of the end of the next business day, a Monday.
The stock gains didn’t last through that Monday, though — after reaching as high as $23.84 on the day that Robinhood was apparently buying, they lost it all in after-hours trading and headed even lower after Cosmos Health announced an equity offering.
Shares closed Wednesday at $5.04, which gives Cosmos Health a market cap of about $53 million, according to FactSet — less than Robinhood executives said they lost on the Dec. 16 trades.
Shares of Under Armour Inc. sprinted higher Wednesday toward a nine-month high, after the athletic apparel and gear seller reported a big beat in fiscal third quarter profit and raised its full-year outlook.
Net income for the quarter to Dec. 31 rose to $121.6 million, or 27 cents a share, from $109.7 million, or 23 cents a share, in the year-ago period. Excluding nonrecurring items, adjusted earnings per share of 16 cents was well above the FactSet consensus of 9 cents.
Revenue grew 3.4% to $1.58 billion, above the FactSet consensus of $1.55 billion, as a 25% jump in footwear revenue offset 2% declines in apparel and accessories revenue. Meanwhile, a 2% decline in North America revenue was offset by a 14% increase in international revenue.
The Class C shares UA, +0.09%
shot up 6.8% in premarket trading, which puts them on track to open at the highest price seen during regular-sessions hours since May 5, 2022. The Class A shares UAA, -0.08%
jumped 6.9%.
Gross margin contracted by 6.5 percentage points, due primarily to higher promotions, sales mix impacts and the negative impact of currency fluctuations.
For fiscal 2023, the company raised its adjusted EPS guidance range to 52 cents to 56 cents from 44 cents to 48 cents, but kept its revenue growth guidance at a low single-digit percentage range. The FactSet consensus for EPS was 46 cents, and the FactSet revenue consensus of $5.86 billion implied 2.7% growth.
The Class C shares have soared 53.5% over the past three months through Tuesday, while the S&P 500 SPX, +1.29%
has gained 8.8%.
Meta Platforms Inc. shares soared in after-hours trading Wednesday despite an earnings miss, as the Facebook parent company guided for potentially more revenue than Wall Street expected in the new year and promised more share repurchases amid cost cuts.
Meta META, +2.79% said it hauled in $32.17 billion in fourth-quarter revenue, down from $33.67 billion a year ago but stronger than expectations. Earnings were $4.65 billion, or $1.76 a share, compared with $10.3 billion, or $3.67 a share, last year.
Analysts polled by FactSet expected Meta to post fourth-quarter revenue of $31.55 billion on earnings of $2.26 a share, and the beat on sales coincided with a revenue forecast that also met or exceeded expectations. Facebook Chief Financial Officer Susan Li projected first-quarter sales of $26 billion to $28.5 billion, while analysts on average were projecting first-quarter sales of $27.2 billion.
Shares jumped more than 19% in after-hours trading immediately following the release of the results, after closing with a 2.8% gain at $153.12.
GOOG, +1.56%
Google and Pinterest Inc. PINS, +1.56%
benefited from Meta’s results, with shares for each company rising more than 4% in extended trading Wednesday.
“Our community continues to grow and I’m pleased with the strong engagement across our apps. Facebook just reached the milestone of 2 billion daily actives,” Meta Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg said in a statement announcing the results. “The progress we’re making on our AI discovery engine and Reels are major drivers of this. Beyond this, our management theme for 2023 is the ‘Year of Efficiency’ and we’re focused on becoming a stronger and more nimble organization.”
Facebook’s 2 billion-user milestone was slightly better than analysts expected for user growth on Meta’s core social network. Daily active users across all of Facebook’s apps neared, but did not crest, another round number, reaching 2.96 billion, up 5% from a year ago.
Meta has been navigating choppy ad waters as it copes with increasing competition from TikTok and fallout from changes in Apple Inc.’s AAPL, +0.79%
ad-tracking system in 2021 that punitively harmed Meta, costing it potentially billions of dollars in advertising sales. Meta has invested heavily in artificial-intelligence tools to rev up its ad-targeting systems and making better recommendations for users of its short-video product Reels, but it laid off thousands of workers after profit and revenue shrunk in recent quarters.
The cost cuts seemed to pay off Wednesday. While Facebook missed on its earnings, it noted that the costs of its layoffs and other restructuring totaled $4.2 billion and reduced the number by roughly $1.24 a share.
Meta executives said they now expect operating expenses to be $89 billion to $95 billion this year based on slower salary growth, cost of revenue, and $1 billion in savings from facilities consolidation — down from previous guidance for $94 billion to $100 billion. Capital expenditures are expected to be $30 billion to $33 billion, down from previous guidance of $34 billion to $37 billion, as Meta cancels multiple data-center projects.
In a conference call with analysts late Wednesday, Zuckerberg called 2023 the “year of efficiency” after 18 years of unbridled growth. He recommitted to Meta’s emphasis on AI and the metaverse, a platform for “better social experiences” than the phone, he said.
“The reduced outlook reflects our updated plans for lower data-center construction spend in 2023 as we shift to a new data-center architecture that is more cost efficient and can support both AI and non-AI workloads,” Li said in her outlook commentary included in the release.
Meta expects to increase its spending on its own stock. The company’s board approved a $40 billion increase in its share-repurchase authorization; Meta spent nearly $28 billion on its own shares in 2022, and still had nearly $11 billion available for buybacks before that increase.
“Investors are cheering Meta’s plans to return more capital to shareholders despite worries over rising costs related to its metaverse spending,” said Jesse Cohen, senior analyst at Investing.com.
“At first glance…Meta getting its mojo back,” Baird Equity Research analyst Colin Sebastian said in a note late Wednesday. “Results and guidance look particularly solid after Snap’s dismal report; however, further cuts to operating and capital expenditures announced this afternoon were perhaps the biggest surprise.”
UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley said he anticipates double-digit revenue growth exiting 2023 and strong growth in earnings and free cash flow.
The results came a day after Snap Inc. SNAP, -10.29%
posted fourth-quarter revenue of $1.3 billion, flat from a year ago and the worst year-over-year sales growth Snap has ever reported. But they also arrived on the same day Facebook scored a major win in a California court. The company successfully fended off the Federal Trade Commission bid to win a preliminary injunction to block Meta’s planned acquisition of VR startup Within Unlimited.
Intel Corp. continues to cut costs for everything except payments to investors.
Intel INTC, +3.03%,
which is already in the process of cutting what is believed to be thousands of jobs amid steep declines in profit and revenue, is reducing Chief Executive Pat Gelsinger’s base salary by 25% and trimming other salaries at a descending rate based on seniority, down to 5% cuts for midlevel positions, a person familiar with the matter told MarketWatch. While nonexempt workers and junior positions face no pay cuts, Intel is trimming its 401(k) contributions to 2.5% from 5% and will suspend merit raises and quarterly performance bonuses, the person said. Annual performance bonuses and stock grants will remain.
In an emailed statement, an Intel spokesperson confirmed “several adjustments to our 2023 employee compensation and rewards programs.”
“As we continue to navigate macroeconomic headwinds and work to reduce costs across the company, we’ve made several adjustments to our 2023 employee compensation and rewards programs,” the statement said. “These changes are designed to impact our executive population more significantly and will help support the investments and overall workforce needed to accelerate our transformation and achieve our long-term strategy. We are grateful to our employees for their commitment to Intel and patience during this time as we know these changes are not easy.”
Intel has not touched its dividend, though, even as its free cash flow fell into the red during 2022 and is expected to be negative again this year. The chip maker paid out roughly $1.5 billion in dividends in the fourth quarter, completing $6 billion in annual payments, and maintained the same level of payments for the first quarter despite analysts questioning whether the company can afford it.
“The board [and] management, we take a very disciplined approach to the capital allocation strategy and we’re going to remain committed to being very prudent around how we allocate capital for the owners, and we are committed to maintaining a competitive dividend,” Chief Financial Officer David Zinsner said when asked directly about the dividend during Intel’s earnings call last week.
Intel shares have declined 42.1% in the past 12 months, as the S&P 500 SPX, +1.30%
has dropped 10.3% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA, +0.36%
— which counts Intel as one of its 30 components — has fallen 3.7%.
Group beat earnings and revenue estimates in the fourth quarter and announced a new $1 billion share buyback plan.
The cigarettes company reported adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of $1.18 on revenue of $6.1 billion in the final three months of the year. Analysts expected EPS of $1.17 on sales of $5.15 billion in the quarter, according to FactSet data.
A federal appeals court rejected Johnson & Johnson ‘s plan to use a legal strategy to push about 38,000 talc lawsuits into bankruptcy court, hampering the controversial tactic the company and a handful of other profitable businesses have used to move mass personal-injury cases to chapter 11.
The Third U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on Monday dismissed the chapter 11 case of J&J subsidiary LTL Management LLC, which the consumer-health-goods giant created in 2021 to move to bankruptcy court the mass lawsuits alleging its talc-based baby powder products caused cancer.
Chevron Corp. CVX said late Wednesday that its board has approved a dividend increase of 6% to $1.51 a share, payable March 10 to shareholders of record as of Feb. 16. The board also authorized a $75 billion share buyback authorization, which takes effect April 1 and does not have a fixed expiration date, Chevron said. Shares of Chevron rose 2.9% in the extended session Wednesday after ending the regular trading day down 1%.
Short selling can be controversial, especially among management teams of companies whose stocks traders are betting that their prices will fall. And a new spike in alleged “naked short selling” among microcap stocks is making several management teams angry enough to threaten legal action:
Taking a long position means buying a stock and holding it, hoping the price will go up.
Shorting, or short selling, is when an investor borrows shares and immediately sells them, hoping he or she can buy them again later at a lower price, return them to the lender and pocket the difference.
Covering is when an investor with a short position buys the stock again to close a short position and return the shares to the lender.
If you take a long position, you might lose all your money. A stock can go to zero if a company goes bankrupt. But a short position is riskier. If the share price rises steadily after an investor has placed a short trade, the investor is sitting on an unrealized capital loss. This is why short selling traditionally has been dominated by professional investors who base this type of trade on heavy research and conviction.
Brokers require short sellers to qualify for margin accounts. A broker faces credit exposure to an investor if a stock that has been shorted begins to rise instead of going down. Depending on how high the price rises, the broker will demand more collateral from the investor. The investor may eventually have to cover and close the short with a loss, if the stock rises too much.
And that type of activity can lead to a short squeeze if many short sellers are surprised at the same time. A short squeeze can send a share price through the roof temporarily.
Short squeezes helped feed the meme-stock craze of 2021 that sent shares of GameStop Corp. GME, +10.45%
and AMC Entertainment Holdings Inc. AMC, +2.54%
soaring early in 2021. Some traders communicating through the Reddit WallStreetBets channel and in other social media worked together to try to force short squeezes in stocks of troubled companies that had been heavily shorted. The action sent shares of GameStop soaring from $4.82 at the end of 2020 to a closing high of $86.88 on Jan. 27, 2021, only for the stock to fall to $10.15 on Feb. 19, 2021, as the seesaw action continued for this and other meme stocks.
Naked shorting
Let’s say you were convinced that a company was headed toward financial difficulties or even bankruptcy, but its shares were still trading at a value you considered to be significant. If the shares were highly liquid, you would be able to borrow them through your broker for little or almost no cost, to set up your short trade.
But if many other investors were shorting the stock, there would be fewer shares available for borrowing. Then your broker would charge a higher fee based on supply and demand.
For example, according to data provided by FactSet on Jan. 23, 22.7% of GameStop’s shares available for trading were sold short — a figure that could be up to two weeks out-of-date, according to the financial data provider.
According to Brad Lamensdorf, who co-manages the AdvisorShares Ranger Equity Bear ETF HDGE, -2.65%,
the cost of borrowing shares of GameStop on Jan. 23 was an annualized 15.5%. That cost increases a short seller’s risk.
What if you wanted to short a stock that had even heavier short interest than GameStop? Lamensdorf said on Jan. 23 that there were no shares available to borrow for Carvana Co. CVNA, +10.63%,
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. BBBY, -12.24%,
Beyond Meat Inc. BYND, +11.31%
or Coinbase Global Inc. COIN, +1.45%.
If you wanted to short AMC shares, you would pay an annual fee of 85.17% to borrow the shares.
Starting last week, and flowing into this week, management teams at several companies with microcap stocks (with market capitalizations below $100 million) said they were investigating naked short selling — short selling without actually borrowing the shares.
This brings us to three more terms:
A short-locate is a service a short seller requests from a broker. The broker finds shares for the short seller to borrow.
A natural locate is needed to make a “proper” short-sale, according to Moshe Hurwitz, who recently launched Blue Zen Capital Management in Atlanta to specialize in short selling. The broker gives you a price to borrow shares and places the actual shares in your account. You can then short them if you want to.
A nonnatural locate is “when the broker gives you shares they do not have,” according to Hurwitz.
When asked if a nonnatural locate would constitute fraud, Hurwitz said “yes.”
How is naked short selling possible? According to Hurwitz, “it is incumbent on the brokers” to stop placing borrowed shares in customer accounts when supplies of shares are depleted. But he added that some brokers, even in the U.S., lend out the same shares multiple times, because it is lucrative.
“The reason they do it is when it comes time to settle, to deliver, they are banking on the fact that most of those people are day traders, so there would be enough shares to deliver.”
Hurwitz cautioned that the current round of complaints about naked short selling wasn’t unusual and even though short selling activity can push a stock’s price down momentarily, “short sellers are buyers in waiting.” They will eventually buy when they cover their short positions.
“But to really push a stock price down, you need long investors to sell,” he said.
Different action that can appear to be naked shorting
Lamensdorf said the illegal naked shorting that Verb Technology Co. VERB, +69.65%,
Genius Group Ltd. GNS, +45.37%
and other microcap companies have been recently complaining about might include activity that isn’t illegal.
An investor looking to short a stock for which shares weren’t available to borrow, or for which the cost to borrow shares was too high, might enter into “swap transactions or sophisticated over-the-counter derivative transactions,” to bet against the stock,” he said.
This type of trader would be “pretty sophisticated,” Lamensdorf said. He added that brokers typically have account minimums ranging from $25 million to $50 million for investors making this type of trade. This would mean the trader was likely to be “a decent-sized family office or a fund, with decent liquidity,” he said.
Most investors want to keep things simple, but digging a bit into details can be lucrative — it can help you match your choices to your objectives.
The JPMorgan Equity Premium Income ETF JEPI, +0.20%
has been able to take advantage of rising volatility in the stock market to beat the total return of its benchmark, the S&P 500 SPX, +1.19%,
while providing a rising stream of monthly income.
The objective of the fund is “to deliver a significant portion of the returns associated with the S&P 500 Index with less volatility,” while paying monthly dividends, according to JPMorgan Asset Management. It does this by maintaining a portfolio of about 100 stocks selected for high quality, value and low price volatility, while also employing a covered-call strategy (described below) to increase income.
This strategy might underperform the index during a bull market, but it is designed to be less volatile while providing high monthly dividends. This might make it easier for you to remain invested through the type of downturn we saw last year.
JEPI was launched on May 20, 2020, and has grown quickly to $18.7 billion in assets under management. Hamilton Reiner, who co-manages the fund with Raffaele Zingone, described the fund’s strategy, and its success during the 2022 bear market and shared thoughts on what may lie ahead.
Outperformance with a smoother ride
First, here’s a chart showing how the fund has performed from when it was established through Jan. 20, against the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust SPY, +1.20%,
both with dividends reinvested:
JEPI has been less volatile than SPY, which tracks the S&P 500.
FactSet
Total returns for the two funds since May 2020 pretty much match, however, JEPI has been far less volatile than SPY and the S&P 500. Now take a look at a performance comparison for the period of rising interest rates since the end of 2021:
Rising stock-price volatility during 2022 helped JEPI earn more income through its covered call option strategy.
FactSet
Those total returns are after annualized expenses of 0.35% of assets under management for JEPI and 0.09% for SPY. Both funds have had negative returns since the end of 2021, but JEPI has been a much better performer.
““Income is the outcome.””
— Hamilton Reiner
The income component
Which investors JEPI is designed for? “Income is the outcome,” Reiner responded. “We are seeing a lot of people using this as an anchor tenant for income-oriented portfolios.”
The fund quotes a 30-day SEC yield of 11.77%. There are various ways to look at dividend yields for mutual funds or exchange-traded funds and the 30-day yield is meant to be used for comparison. It is based on a fund’s current income distribution profile relative to its price, but the income distributions that investors actually receive will vary.
It turns out that over the past 12 months, JEPI’s monthly distributions have ranged between 38 cents a share and 62 cents a share, with a rising trend over the past six months. The sum of the past 12 distributions has been $5.79 a share, for a distribution yield of 10.53%, based on the ETF’s closing price of $55.01 on Jan. 20.
JEPI invests at least 80% of assets in stocks, mainly selected from those in the S&P 500, while also investing in equity-linked notes to employ a covered call option strategy which enhances income and lowers volatility. Covered calls are described below.
Reiner said that during a typical year, investors in JEPI should expect monthly distributions to come to an annualized yield in the “high single digits.”
He expects that level of income even if we return to the low-interest rate environment that preceded the Federal Reserve’s cycle of rate increases that it started early last year to push down inflation.
JEPI’s approach may be attractive to investors who don’t need the income now. “We also see people using it as a conservative equity approach,” Reiner expects the fund to have 35% less price volatility than the S&P 500.
Getting back to income, Reiner said JEPI was a good alternative even for investors who were willing to take credit risk with high-yield bond funds. Those have higher price volatility than investment-grade bond funds and face a higher risk of losses when bonds default. “But with JEPI you don’t have credit risk or duration risk,” he said.
An example of a high-yield bond fund is the iShares 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond ETF SHYG, -0.10%.
It has a 30-day yield of 7.95%.
When discussing JEPI’s stock selection, Reiner said “there is a significant active component to the 90 to 120 names we invest in.” Stock selections are based on recommendations of JPM’s analyst team for those that are “most attractively priced today for the medium to long term,” he said.
Individual stock selections don’t factor in dividend yields.
Covered call strategies and an example of a covered-call trade
JEPI’s high income is an important part of its low-volatility total-return strategy.
A call option is a contract that allows an investor to buy a security at a particular price (called the strike price) until the option expires. A put option is the opposite, allowing the purchaser to sell a security at a specified price until the option expires.
A covered call option is one an investor can write when they already own a security. The strike price is “out of the money,” which means it is higher than the stock’s current price.
Here’s an example of a covered call option provided by Ken Roberts, an investment adviser with Four Star Wealth Management in Reno, Nev.
You bought shares of 3M Co. MMM, +1.63%
on Jan. 20 for $118.75.
You sold a $130 call option with an expiration date of Jan. 19, 2024.
The premium for the Jan. 24, $130 call was $7.60 at the time that MMM was selling for $118.75.
The current dividend yield for MMM is 5.03%.
“So the maximum gain for this trade before the dividend is $18.85 or 15.87%. Add the divided income and you’ll get 20.90% maximum return,” Roberts wrote in an email exchange on Jan. 20.
If you had made this trade and 3M’s shares didn’t rise above $130 by Jan. 19, 2024, the option would expire and you would be free to write another option. The option alone would provide income equivalent to 6.40% of the Jan. 20 purchase price in the period of a year.
If the stock rose above $130 and the option were exercised, you would have ended up with the maximum gain as described by Roberts. Then you would need to find another stock to invest in. What did you risk? Further upside beyond $130. So you would have written the option only if you had decided you would be willing to part with your shares of MMM for $130.
The bottom line is that the call option strategy lowers volatility with no additional downside risk. The risk is to the upside. If 3M’s shares had doubled in price before the option expired, you would still wind up selling them for $130.
JEPI pursues the covered call options strategy by purchasing equity-linked notes (ELNs) which “combine equity exposure with call options,” Reiner said. The fund invests in ELNs rather than writing its own options, because “unfortunately option premium income is not considered bona fide income. It is considered a gain or a return of capital,” he said.
In other words, the fund’s distributions can be better reflected in its 30-day yield, because option income probably wouldn’t be included.
One obvious question for a fund manager whose portfolio has increased quickly to almost $19 billion is whether or not the fund’s size might make it difficult to manage. Some smaller funds pursuing narrow strategies have been forced to close themselves to new investors. Reiner said JEPI’s 2% weighting limitation for its portfolio of about 100 stocks mitigates size concerns. He also said that “S&P 500 index options are the most liquid equity products in the world,” with over $1 trillion in daily trades.
Summing up the 2022 action, Reiner said “investing is about balance.” The rising level of price volatility increased options premiums. But to further protect investors, he and JEPI co-manager Raffaele Zingone also “gave them more potential upside by selling calls that were a bit further out of the money.”
“It’s like being robbed in a library, but you can’t shout ‘Thief!’ because there are ‘Silence, please’ signs everywhere.”
That’s how Roger Hamilton, chief executive of Genius Group Ltd. GNS, +55.02%,
describes the powerlessness he feels as U.S. securities rules prevent him from discussing his company’s share price, even as it comes under attack from a group of naked short sellers.
The Singapore-based education company on Thursday announced it had appointed a former FBI director to lead a task force investigating alleged illegal trading in its stock that it first addressed in early January.
The news sent the stock up a record 290% on Thursday, and it climbed another 59% on Friday. Volume of about 270 million shares traded in Thursday’s session crushed the daily average of about 634,000 — another indicator, Hamilton told MarketWatch in an interview Friday, of wrongdoing, given that the company’s float is just 10.9 million shares. “Clearly, that’s far more shares than we created,” he said.
Genius Group has evidence from Warshaw Burstein LLP and Christian Levine Law Group, with tracking from Share Intel, that certain individuals and/or companies sold but failed to deliver a “significant” amount of its shares as part of a scheme seeking to artificially depress the stock price.
The company is now exploring legal action and is planning an extraordinary general meeting in the coming weeks to get shareholder approval for its planned actions. These include paying a special dividend as a way to flush out bad actors and working with regulators to share information.
Share Intel uses tracking software in real time to determine exactly where there are discrepancies in the market and where brokers are opening large positions, Hamilton said. The software can measure the number of shares that are being naked shorted and has found multiple instances where significant amounts of fake shares were being created, said Hamilton.
Naked short selling is illegal under Securities and Exchange Commission rules, but that hasn’t stopped the practice, which Hamilton said affects far more companies than is generally known.
In regular short trading, an investor borrows shares from someone else, then sells them and waits for the stock price to fall. When that happens the shares are bought cheaper and returned to the prior owner, with the short seller pocketing the difference as profit.
In naked short selling, investors don’t bother borrowing the stock first and simply sell shares with a promise to deliver them at a later date. When that promise is not fulfilled, it’s known as failure to deliver.
By repeating that process again and again, bad actors can generate massive profits and manipulate a stock’s price lower, with an ultimate goal of driving a company to bankruptcy, at which point all the equity is wiped out and the naked shorts no longer need to be covered.
Hamilton said the evidence gathered by Genius Group shows a great deal of the illegal activity is happening on U.S. exchanges, but there’s also activity happening off-exchange and involving dark pools.
The company is fighting back “because we want this to stop,” Hamilton told MarketWatch. “They’re taking value away from our shareholders. They’re predators. They’re doing something illegal, and we want it to stop, whether that means getting regulators to enforce existing regulations or put new ones in place.”
Public companies have to have committees to monitor and report internal fraud to protect shareholders, he said. But there is no such team looking for external fraud and many retail investors see stocks being manipulated, he said.
“Hopefully, regulations will change and regulators will see there are as many, if not more, threats from outside a company,” he said.
Genius Group is not alone, said Hamilton. He cited among other examples Torchlight, an oil- and gas-exploration company that decided to merge with Metamaterial Inc. to thwart a naked-short-selling attack.
The stock rose from 30 cents to $11 in the six months after the deal was completed, and the company was able to raise about $183 million through a combination of convertible debt and equity. An interview Hamilton conducted with Torchlight’s former CEO, John Brda, can be found below.
Then there’s Jeremy Frommer, CEO of Creatd Inc. CRTD, +4.14%,
which aims to unlock creativity for creators, brands and consumers, who is behind Ceobloc, a website that aims to end the practice of naked short selling.
“Illegal naked short selling is the biggest risk to the health of today’s public markets,” is how the site introduces its mission.
On Friday, the stock of Helbiz Inc. HLBZ, +65.48%
joined Genius Group in rocketing higher in high volume, after that company said it, too, was taking on naked short sellers.
The New York–based maker of e-scooters and e-bicyles said that it was following Genius Group’s example and that it believes “certain individuals and/or companies may have engaged in illegal short selling practices that have artificially depressed the stock price.” The stock had plummeted 64% over the three months through Thursday’s close at 12.31 cents.
Genius Group’s stock, which went public in April 2022 at $6 a share, has gained more than 600% this week. The S&P 500 SPX, +1.89%
has gained 1.1% over the same four trading sessions.
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. has received a warning that it is not in compliance for continued Nasdaq listing because the company has not yet filed its Form 10-Q quarterly report with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In an SEC filing Thursday, the troubled home-goods retailer said it had received the Nasdaq notice on Jan. 12. The notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of Bed Bath & Beyond’s BBBY, -4.09%
common stock on the Nasdaq COMP, +0.86%,
the filing said. “The Notice states that the Company has 60 calendar days from the date of the Notice, or March 13, 2023, to submit a plan to regain compliance with the Listing Rule,” Bed Bath & Beyond said in the filing.
The stock of a Singapore-based ed-tech and education company called Genius Group Ltd. rallied more than 200% on Thursday, after it said it appointed a former F.B.I. director to lead a task force investigating alleged illegal trading in its stock that it first disclosed in early January.
The stock was last up 264% to mark its biggest-ever one-day percentage gain. Volume of 197.76 million shares traded crushed the 65-day average of just 634,17. Genius Group GNS, +290.29%
also said it would issue a special dividend to shareholders to help expose the wrongdoing and is considering a dual listing that would make illegal naked short selling more difficult.
The task force will be led by Timothy Murphy, a former deputy director of the F.B.I. who is also on the board. It will include Richard Berman, also a Genius Group Director and chair of the company’s Audit Committee, and Roger Hamilton, the chief executive officer of Genius Group.
“The company has been in communication with government regulatory authorities and is sharing information with these authorities to assist them,” the company said in a statement.
Genius Group said it has proof from Warshaw Burstein LLP and Christian Levine Law Group, with tracking from Share Intel, that certain individual and/or companies sold but failed to deliver a “significant” amount of its shares as part of a scheme seeking to artificially depress the stock price.
It will now explore legal action and will hold an extraordinary general meeting in the coming weeks to get shareholder approval for its planned actions.
Genius’ IPO priced at $6 a share in April of 2022, he wrote in a blog. The company, which aims to develop an entrepreneur education system, then completed five acquisitions of education companies to build out its portfolio and reported more than 60% growth in its last earnings report.
Analysts at Diamond Equity assigned it an $11.28 stock price target, while Zacks assigned it a $19.20 stock price target.
“By all measures, we believed we were doing all the right things to justify a rising share price,” said Hamilton.
The company then announced two funding rounds totaling $40 million to grow its balance sheet to more than $60 million, yet its stock fell to under 40 cents, or less than 25% of the cash raised and less than 20% of its net assets.
“This didn’t happen gradually,” the executive wrote. “It happened in two month intervals from our IPO, in June, August, October and December. Each time, over a period of a few days, massive selling volume that was a multiple of our float (As most of our shares are on lock up, only around 4 million are tradeable) was sold into the market, making our share price drop by 50% or more.”
The company has since drawn on Wes Christian, a short-selling litigator from Christian Levine Law Group, who has helped it understand how naked short selling works, and then Share Intel helped find the proof that that’s what has happened.
Individuals or groups get together and sell shares in a target company that they don’t own, with the aim of getting the share price to fall 50% in a short period. They use small-cap firms that have low buying volume, allowing them to scare off buyers.
“The broker doesn’t bother to find shares to borrow,” said Hamilton. “They simply sell shares they don’t have and after a few days book them as FTDs (failure to deliver) or hide them as long sales instead of short sales. The people who bought the shares have no idea they bought a fake share, and suddenly there’s plenty more shares in the market than there should be.”
If these groups sell 6 million shares from $12 to $6 each, and then buy back over two months at under $6, they double their money. That allows them to make up to $30 million out of thin air. They can then repeat the whole process a few months later.
“If they don’t buy back all the shares, they simply leave them as FTDs or hide them in offshore accounts,” he wrote. “At no point do they need to put up any cash to make this happen, as they’re making money from the moment they start selling fake shares.”
The ultimate goal is to push a company into bankruptcy, where the equity will be wiped out, meaning they never have to cover the short position on the fake shares.
By issuing a special dividend, Genius is hoping to find who is responsible, as all brokers are forced to disclose to the Depository Trust & Clearing Corp. (DTCC) how many shares their clients hold and how many dividends will be paid. Theoretically, that should expose the oversold shares and dishonest brokers will be forced to cover their position, said Hamilton.
In practice, dishonest brokers will not declare the fake shares and just pay the dividend out of their own pockets.
“If you issue a dividend that isn’t straight cash—such as a spinoff of a company so you are issuing shares, or a blockchain based asset, then the brokers can’t do that are a forced to either cover or be exposed,” he wrote.
Embattled crypto lender Genesis announced that it had filed for bankruptcy late Thursday, the latest firm to be taken amid a widespread rout among crypto companies driven by plunging prices and charges of fraud at major players like FTX.
Genesis, which froze customer withdrawals in November following the collapse of FTX, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in federal court in Manhattan for its lending units, saying it was the best way for it to achieve “an optimal outcome for Genesis clients.”
“While we have made significant progress refining our business plans to remedy liquidity issues caused by the recent extraordinary challenges in our industry, including the default of Three Arrows Capital and the bankruptcy of FTX, an in-court restructuring presents the most effective avenue through which to preserve assets and create the best possible outcome for all Genesis stakeholders,” said Derar Islim, Genesis’ interim chief executive, in a statement on the company’s website.
According to its bankruptcy filing, Genesis’ lending unit said it had both assets and liabilities in the range of $1 billion to $10 billion and had over 100,000 creditors. The firm said it had about $150 million in cash on hand to support its operations during restructuring.
Genesis was the main partner of Gemini’s “earn” program, in which its retail investors received payments for allowing their crypto assets to be loaned out to others.
Cameron Winklevoss welcomed Genesis’ bankruptcy filing, saying it would provide Gemini a better venue for getting its clients’ money back.
“We will use every tool available to us in the bankruptcy court to maximize recovery for Earn users and any other parties within the bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction,” he wrote in a post on Twitter.
Both Genesis and Gemini were charged by the Securities and Exchange Commission last week with illegally selling securities to investors through the Earn program.
Genesis and its parent company, Digital Currency Group, had said they were seeking outside investment to help bolster the books and pay customers back in the months before filing for bankruptcy.
As part of its restructuring, Genesis said it would seek to possibly sell the company and also continue to look for additional investment.
Netflix Inc. added more subscribers than expected in the final quarter of 2022, sending shares higher in after-hours trading Thursday even as founder Reed Hastings prepared to step down from the chief executive role he has held since the company’s inception.
Netflix NFLX, -3.23%
announced that Hastings has moved to an executive chairman role, while Chief Operating Officer Greg Peters moves up to co-CEO, joining Ted Sarandos.
“Since Reed started to delegate management to us, Greg and I have built a strong operating model based on our shared values and like-minded approach to growth,” Sarandos said in a letter to shareholders. “I am so excited to start this new chapter with Greg as co-CEO.”
In a separate letter, Hastings said “in the last 2½ years, I’ve increasingly delegated the management of Netflix” to Sarandos and Peters.
“It was a baptism by fire, given COVID and recent challenges within our business. But they’ve both managed incredibly well, ensuring Netflix continues to improve and developing a clear path to reaccelerate our revenue and earnings growth,” Hastings wrote. “So the board and I believe it’s the right time to complete my succession.”
“More and more, they’ve been running the company,” Hastings said in a video call late Thursday. He called the move 10 days in the making.
The company revealed on Thursday fourth-quarter revenue of $7.85 billion, compared with $7.71 billion a year ago. Earnings were $55 million, or 12 cents a share, down from $607 million, or $1.33 a share, last year; the decline was due to a $463 million noncash charge related to debt held in Europe, executives said.
Wall Street analysts tracked by FactSet had estimated revenue of $7.86 billion on earnings of 55 cents a share. Shares increased more than 6% in after-hours trading immediately following the release of the results, after closing with a 3.2% decrease at $315.78.
The streaming-video company reported that it added 7.7 million subscribers in the final three months of the year; analysts had expected 4.58 million, according to FactSet. Netflix will no longer offer guidance on that statistic, which has typically moved Netflix shares more than any other metric.
In October, Netflix executives predicted the company would add a net 4.5 million subscribers in the fourth quarter as it bounces back from a lull in growth. Netflix reported losses in subscribers for the first two quarters of 2022, prompting leaders to unveil an ad-based service in November for customers who want to pay less, and plans to crack down on password sharing.
“2022 was a tough year, with a bumpy start but a brighter finish,” executives wrote in their letter to shareholders Thursday. “We believe we have a clear path to reaccelerate our revenue growth: continuing to improve all aspects of Netflix, launching paid sharing and building our ads offering. As always, our north stars remain pleasing our members and building even greater profitability over time.”
Executives guided for 4% revenue growth year-over-year in the first quarter, which would suggest roughly $8.2 billion in sales, while analysts were projecting $8.15 billion on average, according to FactSet. Executives said they “expect constant currency revenue growth to accelerate over the course of the year,” but that the password-sharing crackdown they expect to roll out widely in the first quarter could cause some bumpiness early in the year.
“From our experience in Latin America, we expect some cancel reaction in each market when we roll out paid sharing, which impacts near-term member growth,” they wrote. “But as borrower households begin to activate their own stand-alone accounts and extra member accounts are added, we expect to see improved overall revenue, which is our goal with all plan and pricing changes.”
The video-streaming pioneer offered first-quarter earnings guidance of $1.28 billion, or $2.82 a share; FactSet analysts are forecasting $2.98 a share.
Netflix’s results arrived in the wake of increasingly bullish research notes. At least two analysts this week raised their price targets on Netflix shares, citing a weaker dollar. Truist analyst Matthew Thornton jacked his target to $339 from $210 while maintaining a hold rating, and UBS’s John Hodulik lifted his price to $350 from $250.
“We view Netflix as one of the most durable businesses in our coverage as subscription low-cost entertainment with little-to-no exposure to advertising (still very small/new in 2023) or other highly cyclical/macro sensitive revenues,” Truist’s Thornton wrote. “While there could be some pressure on churn and gross adds (as households tighten budgets), we think this should be at least partly offset by increased cord-cutting (going 100% streaming from more expensive linear TV bundles).”
Many people are good at saving up money for retirement. They manage expenses and build up their nest eggs steadily. But when it comes time to begin drawing income from an investment portfolio, they might feel overwhelmed with so many choices.
Some income-seeking investors might want to dig deeply into individual bonds or dividend stocks. But others will want to keep things simple. One of the easiest ways to begin switching to an income focus is to use exchange-traded funds. Below are examples of income-oriented exchange-traded funds (ETFs) with related definitions further down.
First, the inverse relationship
Before looking at income-producing ETFs, there is one concept we will have to get out of the way — the relationship between interest rates and bond prices.
Stocks represent ownership units in companies. Bonds are debt instruments. A government, company or other entity borrows money from investors and issues bonds that mature on a certain date, when the issuer redeems them for the face amount. Most bonds issued in the U.S. have fixed interest rates and pay interest every six months.
Investors can sell their bonds to other investors at any time. But if interest rates in the market have changed, the market value of the bonds will move in the opposite direction. Last year, when interest rates rose, the value of bonds declined, so that their yields would match the interest rates of newly issued bonds of the same credit quality.
It was difficult to watch bond values decline last year, but investors who didn’t sell their bonds continued to receive their interest. The same could be said for stocks. The benchmark S&P 500 SPX, -0.20%
fell 19.4% during 2022, with 72% of its stocks declining. But few companies cut dividends, just as few companies defaulted on their bond payments.
One retired couple that I know saw their income-oriented brokerage account value decline by about 20% last year, but their investment income increased — not only did the dividend income continue to flow, they were able to invest a bit more because their income exceeded their expenses. They “bought more income.”
The longer the maturity of a bond, the greater its price volatility. Depending on the economic environment, you might find that a shorter-term bond portfolio offers a “sweet spot” factoring in price volatility and income.
And here’s a silver lining — if you are thinking of switching your portfolio to an income orientation now, the decline in bond prices means yields are much more attractive than they were a year ago. The same can be said for many stocks’ dividend yields.
Downside protection
What lies ahead for interest rates? With the Federal Reserve continuing its efforts to fight inflation, interest rates may continue to rise through 2023. This can put more pressure on bond and stock prices.
Ken Roberts, an investment adviser with Four Star Wealth Management in Reno, Nev., emphasizes the “downside protection” provided by dividend income in his discussions with clients.
“Diversification is the best risk-management tool there is,” he said during an interview. He also advised novice investors — even those seeking income rather than growth — to consider total returns, which combine the income and price appreciation over the long term.
An ETF that holds bonds is designed to provide income in a steady stream. Some pay dividends quarterly and some pay monthly. An ETF that holds dividend-paying stocks is also an income vehicle; it may pay dividends that are lower than bond-fund payouts and it will also take greater risk of stock-market price fluctuation. But investors taking this approach are hoping for higher total returns over the long term as the stock market rises.
“With an ETF, your funds are diversified. And when the market goes through periods of volatility, you continue to enjoy the income, even if your principal balance declines temporarily,” Roberts said.
If you sell your investments into a declining market, you know you will lose money — that is, you will sell for less than your investments were worth previously. If you are enjoying a stream of income from your portfolio, it might be easier for you to wait through a down market. If we look back over the past 20 calendar years — arbitrary periods — the S&P 500 increased during 15 of those years. But its average annual price increase was 9.1% and its average annual total return, with dividends reinvested, was 9.8%, according to FactSet.
In any given year, there can be tremendous price swings. For example, during 2020, the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic pushed the S&P 500 down 31% through March 23, but the index ended the year with a 16% gain.
Two ETFs with broad approaches to dividend stocks
Invesco Head of Factor and Core Strategies Nick Kalivas believes investors should “explore higher-yielding stocks as a way to generate income and hedge against inflation.”
He cautioned during an interview that selecting a stock based only on a high dividend yield could place an investor in “a dividend trap.” That is, a high yield might indicate that professional investors in the stock market believe a company might be forced to cut its dividend. The stock price has probably already declined, to send the dividend yield down further. And if the company cuts the dividend, the shares will probably fall even further.
Here are two ways Invesco filters broad groups of stocks to those with higher yields and some degree of safety:
The Invesco S&P 500 High Dividend Low Volatility ETF SPHD, -0.33%
holds shares of 50 companies with high dividend yields that have also shown low price volatility over the previous 12 months. The portfolio is weighted toward the highest-yielding stocks that meet the criteria, with limits on exposure to individual stocks or sectors. It is reconstituted twice a year in January and July. Its 30-day SEC yield is 4.92%.
The Invesco High Yield Equity Dividend Achievers ETF PEY, -0.70%
follows a different screening approach for quality. It begins with the components of the Nasdaq Composite Index COMP, +1.39%,
then narrows the list to 50 companies that have raised dividend payouts for at least 10 consecutive years, whose stocks have the highest dividend yields. It excludes real-estate investment trusts and is weighted toward higher-yielding stocks meeting the criteria. Its 30-day yield is 4.08%.
The 30-day yields give you an idea of how much income to expect. Both of these ETFs pay monthly. Now see how they performed in 2022, compared with the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq, all with dividends reinvested:
Both ETFs had positive returns during 2022, when rising interest rates pressured the broad indexes.
8 more ETFs for income (and some for growth too)
A mutual fund is a pooling of many investors’ money to pursue a particular goal or set of goals. You can buy or sell shares of most mutual funds once a day, at the market close. An ETF can be bought or sold at any time during stock-market trading hours. ETFs can have lower expenses than mutual funds, especially ETFs that are passively managed to track indexes.
You should learn about the expenses before making a purchase. If you are working with an investment adviser, ask about fees — depending on the relationship between the adviser and a fund manager, you might get a discount on combined fees. You should also discuss volatility risk with your adviser, to establish a comfort level and to try to match your income investment choices to your risk tolerance.
Here are eight more ETFs designed to provide income or a combination of income and growth:
Company
Ticker
30-day SEC yield
Concentration
2022 total return
iShares iBoxx $ Investment Grade Corporate Bond ETF
The following definitions can help you gain a better understanding of how the ETFs listed above work:
30-day SEC yield — A standardized calculation that factors in a fund’s income and expenses. For most funds, this yield gives a good indication of how much income a new investor can be expected to receive on an annualized basis. But the 30-day yields don’t always tell the whole story. For example, a covered-call ETF with a low 30-day yield may be making regular dividend distributions (quarterly or monthly) that are considerably higher, since the 30-day yield can exclude covered-call option income. See the issuer’s website for more information about any ETF that may be of interest.
Taxable-equivalent yield — A taxable yield that would compare with interest earned from municipal bonds that are exempt from federal income taxes. Leaving state or local income taxes aside, you can calculate the taxable-equivalent yield by dividing your tax exempt yield by 1 less your highest graduated federal income tax bracket.
Bond ratings — Grades for credit risk, as determined by ratings agencies. Bonds are generally considered Investment-grade if they are rated BBB- or higher by Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, and Baa3 or higher by Moody’s. Fidelity breaks down the credit agencies’ ratings hierarchy. Bonds with below-investment-grade ratings have higher risk of default and higher interest rates than investment-grade bonds. They are known as high-yield or “junk” bonds.
Call option — A contract that allows an investor to buy a security at a particular price (called the strike price) until the option expires. A put option is the opposite, allowing the purchaser to sell a security at a specified price until the option expires.
Covered call option — A call option an investor writes when they already own a security. The strategy is used by stock investors to increase income and provide some downside protection.
Preferred stock — A stock issued with a stated dividend yield. This type of stock has preference in the event a company is liquidated. Unlike common shareholders, preferred shareholders don’t have voting rights.
These articles dig deeper into the types of securities mentioned above and related definitions:
Tesla Inc.’s price cuts in the U.S. and Europe heightened worries on Wall Street about the electric-car maker’s margins and worsening demand at a moment when both aspects of the business seem at risk.
Tesla overnight slashed prices of several of its models, including its cheaper Model Y compact SUV and Model 3 sedan, in the U.S. and in several European countries by about 6% to 20%.
The price cuts, which also mean some Tesla EVs qualify for tax credits, may represent a gamble that until very recently Tesla thought itself insulated from.
“Ultimately, management is following through with its strategy to sacrifice industry-leading gross margins to prop up volume demand as the health of the global consumer remains uncertain,” TPH analyst Matthew Portillo said.
“Today’s move on pricing likely sets the table for management to be able to set more realistic guidance expectations on Jan. 25,” when Tesla is expected to report quarterly earnings, Portillo said.
“We see a negative catalyst path for the stock to underperform in the near and intermediate term,” Jewsikow wrote in a note.
Jewsikow went on to forecast a “sizable gross margin miss” in the fourth quarter, mostly thanks to the price reductions and incentives. Fiscal 2023 estimates “need a reset,” the analyst said.
Tesla is slated to report fourth-quarter earnings after market close on Jan. 25. FactSet consensus calls for adjusted earnings of $1.16 a share on revenue of $25 billion. The numbers are likely to be tweaked as it gets closer to the reporting day.
Analyst Dan Ives with Wedbush said he was optimistic the price action could prompt more people to get their Tesla.
Tesla now enjoys the global scale it did not have a few years ago, with more factories, and has margin flexibility to make such moves, Ives said. And there’s the added benefit that some of its vehicles are now eligible for the tax credits.
“We believe all together these price cuts could spur demand/deliveries by 12%-15% globally in 2023 and shows Tesla and Musk are going on the ‘offensive’ to spur demand in a softening backdrop,” Ives said.
“Margins will get hit on this, but we like this strategic poker move by Musk and Tesla,” the analyst said, keeping the equivalent of a buy rating on the stock and a $175 price target, which compares with an average $244 price target as gathered by FactSet from 45 analysts.
Citi analyst Itay Michaeli took more of a middle road. The price cuts confirm Wall Street worries on demand outside of China and Tesla’s strategy of prioritizing volume over price, he said.
The EV maker’s decision, though, are also part of a broader EV-industry view “that any demand pressures in 2023 would likely be met with price actions as opposed to production cuts,” Michaeli said.
Ultimately, gaining EV market share “will prove more important than maximizing EV margins in 2023,” Michaeli said.
Shares of Alibaba Group Holdings are higher following news that co-founder Jack Ma is ceding control of affiliate company Ant Group Co., potentially paving the way to revive plans for an initial public offering by the fintech giant.
Alibaba’s Hong Kong-listed shares 9988, +7.78%
advanced as much as 8.3% in early trade Monday, widening its year-to-date gains to 27%. Shares are outperforming a 1.7% gain in the city’s broader Hang Seng Index HSI, +1.65%
and helping lift the city’s tech index by 3.0%. Alibaba is a shareholder of Ant.
Ant, which owns China’s most widely used digital-payment platform, Alipay, has been overhauling its operations amid a government crackdown that began with Beijing calling off the company’s plans for an IPO in late 2020. The new change of control, announced by Ant over the weekend, moves the company a step closer to restructuring.
Alibaba added Sunday that its equity interest in Ant remains unchanged.
Shares of Alibaba were last up 7.6%. Shares of unit Alibaba Health Information Technology Ltd. 241, +7.27%
were 8.0% higher.
