Tag: Baylor University

The Invisible Labor of Adult Daughters: Baylor Expert Highlights the Valuable Role of Adult ‘Daughtering’
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BYLINE: Kelly Craine

Newswise — National Daughters Day is Sept. 25, an oft-overlooked holiday that has been around since 1932. But much like the holiday, adult daughters are often unnoticed for the important role they play in the lives of their parents.

Allison M. Alford, Ph.D., clinical associate professor of business communication at Baylor University and co-host of the weekly podcast, “Hello Mother, Hello Daughter,” researches adult daughters and their “invisible labor” in maintaining the unity of a family. Adult daughters find themselves providing support, nurturing and much more in a socially and communicatively constructed, shaped and molded role that includes navigating, responding to and negotiating cultural and familial discourses. These behaviors occur throughout a daughter’s life and represent significant resources funneled toward her parents to maintain and nurture a relationship.

Alford’s research on “daughtering” – the active way that daughters relate to and care for parents – is how she describes the work and effort that daughters provide their parents.

“It’s that purposeful work that helps relationships flourish but often goes uncredited as work, even by daughters themselves, in part because the efforts are wrapped in misleading language and society hasn’t adopted a lexicon specifically for daughtering,” said Alford, who edited the book, “Constructing Motherhood and Daughterhood Across the Lifespan,” with research partner Michelle Miller-Day, Ph.D., of Chapman University in Orange County, California.

Daughtering involves such “invisible labor” as planning and organizing family events, resolving conflicts, acting as a buffer with other family members, preparing for the future and more—with the intent of supporting important family relationships, Alford said. With dashes of “mental load” and “adulting,” thrown in the mix, adult children are engaging in effortful and intense relationship-building, from which they usually benefit in the form of familial support and love.

Embracing National Daughters Day

In recent years, social media has embraced National Daughters Day with parents posting loving tributes and sharing stories about their daughters, recognition that Alford encourages.

“Adult daughters put a lot of effort into their families and recognizing their hard work with praise and affirmation shows that what they do matters. Every daughter would love to hear compliments on her daughtering,” Alford said, recommending that parents take time on Sept. 25 to acknowledge and thank their adult daughters for the care and time they give to the family.

A few simple ways parents can acknowledge adult daughters:
- Call your daughter on the phone and tell her how much her efforts have meant to you,
- Create a social media tribute and share a picture of yourselves together over the years,
- Order takeout delivered to her house for dinner, or
- Call the grandkids and tell them a sweet story about their mom.
Also on Sept. 25, Alford and Miller-Day will launch Season 2 of their weekly podcast, “Hello Mother, Hello Daughter,” which continues to explore what it means to be an adult daughter and how daughtering and mothering work together to create a harmonious family.

This season, the hosts interview experts on adult mother-daughter relationship topics and share helpful resources that can enable positive family interactions. The podcast will be available everywhere you listen to podcasts. “Hello Mother, Hello Daughter” also is on social media on Instagram and Facebook.
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Baylor University

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September 19, 2023
Large and In Charge
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BYLINE: Kelly Craine

Newswise — WACO, Texas (June 23, 2023) – Leopard seals are prehistoric, reptilian-looking marine predators often portrayed as scary villains in movies such as “Happy Feet” and “Eight Below,” but little is known about their basic biology. The combination of the extreme climate in Antarctica, the species’ solitary habits and their lethal reputation makes leopard seals one of the most difficult apex predators to study on Earth.

In 2018 and 2019, Sarah Kienle, Ph.D., assistant professor of biology at Baylor University, and her colleagues collected movement and dive behavior data and samples from leopard seals off the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Their goal was to compile crucial baseline data on the ecology and physiology of this enigmatic species.

Kienle and her colleagues published their first study on leopard seals in August 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science, in which they showed that leopard seals have flexible movement patterns and dive behaviors. This variability may offer leopard seals the resilience needed to survive the extreme climate and environmental disturbances occurring around Antarctica and beyond.

Emily Sperou, a Ph.D. student at Baylor, is lead author of a new study examining the stress physiology of leopard seals.

“Large and in charge: Cortisol levels vary with sex, diet and body mass in an Antarctic predator, the leopard seal” published this month in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science is the first in-depth study of leopard seal physiology.

In this groundbreaking study, Sperou and colleagues, including Kienle, examined how cortisol – an important stress hormone – varies between leopard seals. Their study also shows that leopard seals have the highest cortisol concentrations of any pinniped, including seals, sea lions and walruses.

ROLE OF CORTISOL

As a stress hormone, cortisol is an essential biomarker in mammals that regulates physiological processes such as the immune system, reproductive function, and even behavior.

Cortisol levels in mammals can fluctuate due to a wide variety of internal and external stressors ranging from the daily fight for survival to changes in diet. Sperou wanted to know how cortisol varied in leopard seals based on different ecological and life history traits, like sex, age, body size and diet.

“Measuring and comparing cortisol concentrations provides important context for understanding the physiological responses of mammals,” Sperou said.

THE STUDY

The goals for this study were to establish baseline cortisol concentrations for leopard seals and assess how cortisol levels change among individual leopard seals within a single population. To do this, Sperou measured cortisol concentrations, body mass and diet from 19 leopard seals that were sampled in the 2018-2019 expedition.

Prior to the latest Baylor research, only one previous study has been conducted on cortisol values in leopard seals. This earlier study only measured cortisol in four seals and did not include information on their sex or body size.

“The smaller your sample sizes and with no context for the animals, it’s hard to figure out what cortisol concentrations mean and how that compares to other individual seals and other species,” Kienle said.

Sperou also compared the leopard seal cortisol levels to 26 other closely related carnivore species with comparable data, including pinnipeds, bears, badgers and otters.

FINDINGS

Leopard seals have extremely highest cortisol levels.
- Leopard seals in this study have the highest cortisol levels ever reported for this species.
  
  An adult male leopard seal now holds the record for the highest cortisol level in any pinniped and other closely related mammals.
Leopard seal cortisol levels vary based on sex, body size and diet.
- Females are significantly larger than males.
  
  Females feed on higher energy level prey in the food chain than males.
  
  Females have significantly lower cortisol concentrations than males.
Leopard seals have cortisol values 1.25 to 50 times higher than closely related carnivores.
- Leopard seals have higher cortisol levels than 26 other closely related mammal species, including seals, sea lions, walruses, bears, badgers and otters. OH MY!
  
  Leopard seals, along with other Antarctic seals, have higher cortisol than other pinnipeds across the planet.
  
  High cortisol may be a specialized adaptation within this group of Antarctic-living marine mammals.
CONCLUSION

Evaluating the physiology of leopard seals and how their physiology changes based on their life history and ecology provides critical information about the health of individual seals and their population. Leopard seals are one of the least studied apex predators on Earth but play a disproportionately large role in Antarctic ecosystem structure and function.

For Sperou, this groundbreaking study provides a strong foundation for assessing leopard seals’ physiology, which is fundamental for understanding their vulnerability to climate change.

“It’s important we understand how these species are going to respond when their environment is rapidly changing,” Sperou said.

What’s next for this team of leopard seal biologists?

Kienle said the team is now focused on traveling to different areas around the southern hemisphere to sample leopard seals across their range. Her team will use these data to better examine their ecology and physiology at different scales – from individuals to populations to the entire species. Their ultimate goal is to understand the adaptive capacity of leopard seals and ensure the health and well-being of this amazing species now and in the future.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Sarah Kienle, Ph.D. is an assistant professor of biology at Baylor University and the principal investigator and director of the Comparative Animal Ecophysiology Lab (CEAL). Her research broadly focused on understanding how animals work in the context of their environment.

Emily Sperou, Ph.D. candidate at Baylor University, is part of the research team at Dr. Kienle’ s Comparative Ecophysiology of Animals Lab (CEAL). She is broadly interested in investigating the links between organisms’ physiological systems to larger ecological processes.

For her Ph.D. dissertation, Sperou is comparing intraspecific variation and behavioral flexibility in the ecology and physiology of leopard seals. This research will use a comparative approach to determine the relationships between behavioral patterns, life history traits, foraging ecology and physiological performance.

In addition to Kienle and Sperou, the research team included:
- Daniel E. Crocker, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Renato Borras-Chavez, Department of Biology, Post Doctoral Research for the Comparative Animal Ecophysiology Lab at Baylor University, Waco, TX
- Daniel P. Costa, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
- Michael E. Goebel, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries, La Jolla, CA, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
- Shane B. Kanatous, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
- Stephen J. Trumble, Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX
This work was funded by the National Science Foundation grant #1644256.

COMPARATIVE ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMALS LAB

The Comparative Ecophysiology of Animals Lab at Baylor University focuses on understanding how different animals work in the context of their environment. Researchers use quantitative analytical techniques to examine physiological and ecological factors that shape mammalian life history strategies. Research in this lab falls into three themes:
- Characterizing relationship between animal form and function
- Comparing trade-offs between different life history strategies
- Examining flexibility in ecophysiological traits
ABOUT BAYLOR UNIVERSITY

Baylor University is a private Christian University and a nationally ranked Research 1 institution. The University provides a vibrant campus community for more than 20,000 students by blending interdisciplinary research with an international reputation for educational excellence and a faculty commitment to teaching and scholarship. Chartered in 1845 by the Republic of Texas through the efforts of Baptist pioneers, Baylor is the oldest continually operating University in Texas. Located in Waco, Baylor welcomes students from all 50 states and more than 90 countries to study a broad range of degrees among its 12 nationally recognized academic divisions.

ABOUT THE COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCES AT BAYLOR UNIVERSITY

The College of Arts & Sciences is Baylor University’s largest academic division, consisting of 25 academic departments in the sciences, humanities, fine arts and social sciences, as well as 10 academic centers and institutes. The more than 5,000 courses taught in the College span topics from art and theatre to religion, philosophy, sociology and the natural sciences. Faculty conduct research around the world, and research on the undergraduate and graduate level is prevalent throughout all disciplines. Visit baylor.edu/artsandsciences.
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Baylor University

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June 23, 2023
College Presidents Are Less Experienced Than Ever — and Eyeing the Exit

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The average tenure of the college president has shrunk. Yes, again.

More on the ACE Survey

Typical presidents have been in their current job for 5.9 years, according to the results of the American Council on Education’s latest survey of the profession, published on Friday. That’s down from 6.5 years in 2016 and 8.5 years in 2006.

What’s more, a majority of those currently serving don’t think they will be in their current role in five years. And those presidents planning to depart aren’t leaving for some other college’s top job. Instead, they are looking at possible consultant roles, returning to the faculty, or working in a nonprofit outside of higher education, according to the survey, which ACE conducts every five years. The survey was emailed to presidents at 3,091 colleges and universities, with 1,075 responding. That response rate was down 15 percentage points, which the survey’s authors attributed to its being out to presidents for a shorter time than in previous years and no paper copies mailed.

Among the reasons for leaving, according to the survey: The Covid-19 pandemic and the growing political polarization in higher education have taken a toll on presidents.

“Covid was hard on presidents,” said Linda A. Livingstone, president of Baylor University. “There’s a lot of political pressure from all sides. It just wore out some presidents. It’s a challenging world to function in.”

All that pressure has presidents thinking they aren’t long for the corner office.

Fifty-five percent of those surveyed said they planned to step down in the next five years, with 25 percent of surveyed presidents saying they planned to leave in the next year or two. That’s an increase from five years ago, when 22 percent said they were planning to leave in a year or two and 32 percent said they were planning to leave in three to five years. Those who plan to leave in the next year have been in office for an average of 6.7 years and are, on average, 61.7 years old.

Only 39 percent of those thinking they will be out in the next five years say they will retire. Departing presidents who aren’t retiring are more likely to try to become a consultant than they are to pursue a similar role at a different college — 27 percent compared with 23 percent. Sixteen percent are aiming for work at a nonprofit or philanthropic entity.

The average president signs a five-year contract, said James H. Finkelstein, a professor emeritus at George Mason University who studies college presidents and their contracts. That hasn’t changed much in the past 15 years, according to his study of contracts.

The shorter average tenure has a major effect on how presidents behave when they walk into the administration building for the first time. Out are months-long listening tours. In is rapid action.

“You have to listen faster and learn faster and then identify those two or three areas you can have a significant impact on in a shorter amount of time,” said Livingstone, who started at Baylor in 2017.

Not only is making a mark quicker an imperative if a president has only five years, but having a big impact quickly can be a route to extending a tenure past the average, she said.

Old, White, and Male

The greater turnover hasn’t seemed to chip away at white men’s hold on the presidency.

“Over the last five years, we haven’t moved the needle on what our presidents look like,” said Hollie Chessman, director of practice and research in ACE’s Education Futures Lab, which conducted the survey. “They are older. They are men. They are white.”

Men make up 67 percent of college presidents, with women holding the top job at 33 percent of colleges — up about 10 percentage points since 2006. Seventy-two percent of presidents are white. Twenty-eight percent of presidents are nonwhite.

Student bodies are much more diverse. In 2021, white students made up about 53 percent of all students, according to federal data. In the same year, female students made up about 58 percent of all students.

It is taking men less time to go from aspiring to the presidency to landing the job, the survey data shows. Male presidents, on average, start thinking about becoming a president at age 43.6 and land the job at age 51.7. Female presidents, however, start aspiring to be a president at age 46.9 and land the job at age 52.8. Men of color are the youngest to start aspiring to a presidency, at age 41.5, but take until age 50.4 to land the job, a gap of nearly nine years. Women of color aspire to the presidency at age 45.7 and are appointed at age 51.6.

Livingstone isn’t surprised that women are, on average, older when they land a presidency.

“Sometimes you see an expectation that women need more experience before they are ready,” said Livingstone, who was the only female president in the Big 12 Conference when she took office at Baylor.

Women who reach the presidency tend to come through the traditional route of faculty to administration to presidency, the survey showed. Men can take more varied paths to the presidency, the survey found. Think of politicians like the former U.S. Sen. Ben Sasse, now the University of Florida’s president.

Diversifying the presidency is going to take a lot of work at lower levels of administration, the survey’s authors said.

“We have to take a close look at the level of support those individuals are getting on the pathway to the presidency,” said Danielle Melidona, an analyst with ACE’s Education Futures Lab.

That means looking at levels low in the administrative pecking order, from assistant deans to associate provosts, Livingstone said. As those ranks diversify, the upper ranks will follow, she said.

But more than just that needs to happen, Chessman said. “If we are going to diversify the position, we are not going to do it with just the provost moving up,” she said. “We have to have the conversation about why don’t we see more women coming” in the pipeline.

That same thought extends to having a higher percentage of minority presidents, she said.

“The question is, How do we make the presidency look more like our students?”

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David Jesse

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April 13, 2023
Multimillion-Dollar Payouts Are on the Rise in Sexual-Misconduct Lawsuits. Colleges’ Insurers Have Had Enough.

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After the rulings are handed down in sexual-misconduct lawsuits against colleges, a second legal battle quietly begins.

Determining who pays the legal fees and settlements — which, in the most sweeping cases, can total hundreds of millions of dollars — often leads to behind-the-scenes squabbles as colleges and their insurance carriers parse general liability policies.

That tension is playing out between Baylor University and Lexington Insurance Company, which sued in January to stop covering claims against the university in a vast sexual-assault scandal.

In higher education, insurers and institutions have typically been a united front: Colleges pay premiums, carriers pay up after a crisis. Now, cracks in the relationship are forming, especially as more sexual-misconduct lawsuits are lodged and settlements grow larger. Insurance companies and colleges are increasingly concerned about risk — both financial and reputational.

In response, many insurers are simply walking away from higher-education coverage. Those that remain are taking precautions to avoid the financial fallout of sexual misconduct, putting the burden of legal fees and payouts more squarely on the shoulders of colleges.

The Penn State Effect

The tipping point came in the case of the former assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky at Pennsylvania State University, which led to one of the first public rifts between a college and its insurer.

The abuses perpetrated by Sandusky involved hundreds of victims over the more than four decades he was employed by Penn State. Thirty-two victims sued the university for damages, and settled for $93 million, as reported by PennLive.

But neither Penn State nor its then-insurance company, Pennsylvania Manufacturers’ Association Insurance, wanted to pay.

In 2016, after a three-year court case, a judge ruled on the “interpretation” of the contracts between PMA and Penn State — in essence, how the university’s insurance policies could be triggered by claims of sexual misconduct, and if the policies applied to Sandusky-related claims.

Complicating the case was that, as is typical, Penn State’s insurance policies often changed year-to-year, and many victims were abused by Sandusky multiple times over several years. The judge’s opinion stated that claims made by each victim would trigger the policy of the year when the first incident of abuse occurred.

But for some years, the university’s insurance coverage didn’t apply in certain situations — letting PMA off the hook. Penn State’s insurance policies in the mid-1990s, for example, did not cover sexual abuse or molestation. After 1998, PMA did not need to cover Penn State because the policies no longer applied when university officials first learned about Sandusky’s abuse and did not act to prevent it. And, beginning in 2005, only one claim related to Sandusky could be filed each year, according to the policies.

While the public does not know how much of the multimillion-dollar settlement was paid by Penn State or PMA, the case touched off a new era in higher-ed insurance, said Kyle D. Logue, a professor at the University of Michigan Law School who’s an expert in insurance law.

As a result, general liability policies are narrowing to exclude sexual abuse, said Logue. This pattern is common in insurance, he said: As insurers realize that certain risks are extremely large, or largely under the control of the institution that’s being insured, exclusions are added to protect against that risk.

Sexual-misconduct coverage in general liability policies might only be approved if the colleges meet certain requirements. United Educators, an insurance company that works exclusively with schools and colleges, requires applicants to have policies in place on sexual-misconduct prevention and ways to report and investigate incidents. Other insurers simply no longer offer sexual-misconduct coverage.

Claiming Otherwise

With Penn State in recent memory, Lexington Insurance is following a similar playbook at Baylor and hoping to pre-emptively steer clear of a big payout. The pending sexual-misconduct lawsuit brought by 15 former students alleges that the plaintiffs were sexually assaulted by other students and staff members between 2004 and 2017 and that the university didn’t act to protect them.

At Baylor, as at Penn State, the insurance policies were triggered for the year an incident occurred; a policy from 2014, for example, was triggered by a claim filed two years later.

Filed on January 10, Lexington’s lawsuit alleges that Baylor’s policies didn’t cover sexual misconduct between 2012 and 2016, when the majority of the alleged sexual abuse occurred. For the remaining alleged assaults, the sexual abuse does not meet the definition of an “occurrence” — namely, an accident — because the university may have failed to prevent the incident under the federal gender-equity law known as Title IX, Lexington argues.

(A spokesperson for Baylor University said the university “continues to work with Lexington regarding previous claims” but switched insurers for its general liability coverage “a few years ago.”)

Amid such high-profile scandals, many insurers want to minimize their risks, opting for a different approach known as a claims-based policy. Under that system, when universities file claims with their insurer, that triggers the current year’s policy, which often no longer covers sexual abuse — no matter what year the misconduct occurred.

“The shift to claims-made policies provides more general protection for the insurer than the specific exclusion does,” said Logue, in an email response to The Chronicle.

United Educators maintained its occurrence-based coverage because it is “preferable for our members,” according to a spokesperson.

Striking Out on Their Own

As outside insurance companies become more wary of higher ed, many colleges are joining the ranks of corporations and creating a new structure to insure their risks.

That new structure — known as a captive insurance company — is a separate legal entity, but the university is involved in its main operations, including creating policies and managing claims. Yale University, the University of California system, Rutgers University, and the University of Minnesota are among the colleges that self-insure with captive insurance companies.

Michigan State University created such a company, called Lysander Series, after settling a lawsuit with the 300-plus victims of Larry Nassar, the former university sports doctor who abused women and girls under the guise of performing medical treatment. According to reporting from The Wall Street Journal, Michigan State rejected a policy with reduced coverage from its longstanding insurer, United Educators, and created Lysander instead.

In 2019, at the time of its creation, a Michigan State spokesperson told the Journal that the policy from Lysander Series “broadly excludes insurer liability for sexual misconduct.” A United Educators spokesperson said the company does not “publicly disclose member or insurance policy details.”

MSU also took to court its 13 former insurers to cover the $500-million settlement with Nassar’s victims. As of last September, Michigan State had recouped around $100 million, according to the Lansing State Journal. In November, a judge found that the American Physicians Assurance Corporation was not obligated to pay $31 million for costs related to the Nassar case under a 2000-2001 insurance policy.

Sealing the Cracks

The Nassar case was “one of the worst of the worst,” said Bryan Elie, vice president for underwriting at United Educators.

But the conflicts in college insurance are only going to increase as more victims come forward about abusive behavior and sexual-misconduct lawsuits proliferate, experts say.

In 2014 a report compiled by United Educators of publicly available cases involving sexual misconduct listed one case that topped $1 million. In 2022 that number jumped to five. Settlements within the University of California system and at the University of Southern California topped $615 million and $852 million, respectively.

“Those trends have just been growing and growing,” said Kimberly Pacelli, a partner at the Title IX consulting firm TNG.

Invariably, while conducting trainings for colleges’ Title IX coordinators, Pacelli notices that administrators realize the nature of their work is inherently risk management.

“We always recommend that [Title IX coordinators] interface with their finance and administration folks to really understand who’s their insurer and what the insurance covers,” said Pacelli.

Meanwhile, insurers are getting more invested in training colleges on Title IX policies to further minimize their risk. “From our perspective, our goal is to help the institution,” said Elie. He added: “Don’t let a serial predator take root.”

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Elissa Welle

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March 1, 2023
Countdown To the Big Game: Dr. Tyrha’s Top Five Super Bowl Commercials for the Past Five Years

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Newswise — WACO, Texas (Jan 23, 2023) – Commercials always are the most anticipated and talked-about aspect of the Super Bowl, but the expanding digital landscape requires advertisers to use more authentic and nuanced strategies to reach consumers. Advertising executive and multicultural media expert Tyrha M. Lindsey-Warren, Ph.D., clinical assistant professor of marketing at Baylor University’s Hankamer School of Business, is a sought-after media commentator on the brands who win big during the game’s commercial breaks.

How do companies break through the noise and make a lasting impression on viewers? Lindsey-Warren – or Dr. Tyrha, as she is known – says the key is empowered storytelling. As a consumer behavior scholar, Dr. Lindsey-Warren’s research is rooted in narrative transportation theory – in other words, storytelling – that exudes the emotion of empowerment and its impact on consumer attitudes, behaviors, purchase intention and message recall.

“There is a growing space for cleverly crafted and positive storytelling that can break through the clutter and competition and get the attention of Millennials, Gen Z and Alpha generations in an authentic and meaningful manner,” Lindsey-Warren said.

At the top of every year, Dr. Tyrha always enjoys exposing the juniors and seniors in her advertising class to the joys of storytelling in advertising by way of the Super Bowl commercials. By leveraging the Super Bowl as an “edutaining” entry point for student learning, Dr. Lindsey-Warren finds it to be a fun and wonderful way to bring many advertising lessons to life for her students, including branding, consumer targeting and segmentation, social media campaign analysis, and more. To that end, here are Dr. Tyrha Lindsey-Warren’s top picks for the best Super Bowl commercials over the past five years.

COUNTDOWN TO THE SUPER BOWL:

DR. TYRHA’S TOP 5 SUPER BOWL COMMERCIALS FOR THE PAST 5 YEARS

#5: Company/Brand: AMAZON

Title of the commercial: “#BeforeAlexa” (With Ellen Degeneres and Portia de Rossi)
Year it ran in the Super Bowl: 2020
Link to the commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLUwmnPJIGk
Ad Agency that produced the commercial: Droga5

Dr. Tyrha’s rationale as to why this ad is so good: In my opinion, this was a wonderfully creative and clever introduction of the Alexa product by Amazon. The nostalgic storytelling in the spot humorously does make you wonder and realize how “did” we all live “before Alexa?” The commercial is multigenerational, incorporates women extremely well, and is so funny!

#4. Company/Brand: NFL

Title of the commercial: “Bring Down the House!”
Year it ran in the Super Bowl: 2022
Link to the commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PhfMtZce1k
Ad Agency that produced the commercial: Co-directed by Peter Berg of Film 47 and Arthur Mintz of Swaybox Studios

Dr. Tyrha’s rationale as to why this ad is so good: In 2022, the NFL creatively leveraged the power of animation to get our attention with this wonderfully told story with children as the lead Talent and set in a situation that all families can relate to! The spot is so much fun and keeps you guessing as well as laughing with Grandma saving the day in the end. The commercial is multigenerational, multicultural, and incorporates women and girls extremely well.

#3. Company/Brand: MOUNTAIN DEW & DORITOS (OWNED BY PEPSICO)

Title of the commercial: “Doritos Blaze vs. Mountain Dew Ice” (with Morgan Freeman and Peter Dinklage)
Year it ran in the Super Bowl: 2018
Link to the commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2tyVjEuqcY
Ad Agency that produced the commercial: Goodby, Silverstein & Partners

Dr. Tyrha’s rationale as to why this ad is so good: The “in your face” storytelling of this commercial – performed exquisitely by acclaimed actors, Peter Dinklage and Morgan Freeman, and accompanied by the perfect voiceover narrators in Rappers Missy Elliot and Busta Rhymes – is so much fun and truly unforgettable! The commercial also cleverly makes you pay attention to the presentation of the products being promoted as well as compels you to wonder as to “when did you last have a Mountain Dew and some Doritos?” This commercial is multicultural, multigenerational, multibodied, and incorporates women well and UBER memorable!

#2. Company/Brand: NFL

Title of the commercial: “The 100-Year Game”
Year it ran in the Super Bowl: 2020
Link to the commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJjiIuH1VnY
Ad Agency that produced the commercial: 72 and Sunny

Dr. Tyrha’s rationale as to why this ad is so good: If you love the game of football, you have to love this ad that celebrates the fun and contagious spirit of the game. Truly, this commercial has something for everyone who loves the game of football! The unassuming opening of the ad’s storytelling set at an awards banquet and led by NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell quickly evolves into a fun and rambunctious game of football with NFL players of all ages in their tuxedos destroying the ballroom with their play. The musical hip-hop soundtrack alone for the spot is amazing, current, and supports the action of the storytelling extremely well. This spot is multigenerational, incredibly diverse in age ethnicity and more, as well as weaves women and girls into the spot ever so cleverly. A truly memorable ad and so much fun!

#1. Company/Brand: Mr. Clean (OWNED BY P&G)

Title of the commercial: “Cleaner Of Your Dreams”
Year it ran in the Super Bowl: 2018
Link to the commercial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozuWoZITX3Y
Ad Agency that produced the commercial: Leo Burnett

Dr. Tyrha’s rationale as to why this ad is so good: Every year I show this commercial to my Advertising students at Baylor University and they absolutely LOVE this ad! The storytelling of this commercial leverages the animated Mr. Clean in such a clever manner, while showing the product benefits at the same time, and not being “in your face” with the product’s selling proposition. The music and the dancing accompaniment to the storytelling all help to bring an emotional connection to the viewer, especially the female audience. Plus, the spot is just super funny and so much fun! Every time I see this ad, I want to run and buy Mr. Clean. And, I tell my female students every year that when they get older, they are going to LOVE a man who can clean a house!!!!

Additionally, this was an incredibly smart move by P&G to put this ad in the Super Bowl. This is due to the fact that the “current and future market power of women – as a whole and by segments – is undeniable and truly cannot be ignored by marketers, especially the NFL.” Today, women influence more than 80% of all consumer spending; 89% of the financial decisions are made by women; and globally, women control more than $20 trillion in worldwide spending. In addition, nearly 24.3 million African American women are brand loyalists and cultural trendsetters who have influence over the $1.2 trillion in Black spending power. And, Forbes reported in 2018 that “women constituted about 49 % of the 108 million-plus people who watched” that year’s Super Bowl – and they paid closer attention to the ads!

ABOUT TYRHA M. LINDSEY-WARREN, PH.D.

Tyrha M. Lindsey-Warren, Ph.D., is a marketing scholar, business executive, artist and entrepreneur.

As a consumer behavior scholar, Dr. Lindsey-Warren’s research is rooted in narrative transportation theory (i.e., storytelling) that exudes the emotion of empowerment and its impact on consumer attitudes, behaviors, purchase intention and message recall. She also studies health edutainment, multicultural media and advertising, as well as movies and entertainment.

Dr. Lindsey-Warren is an expert in effective communications strategies for leaders, multicultural communications and marketing. She speaks nationally on these topics for Americans for the Arts, The Junior League, Public Relations Society of America, Black Data Processing Associates, and in her undergraduate/MBA classes at Rutgers Business School, Baruch College and Baylor University.

She received her B.S. in radio/TV/film from Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. and her M.B.A. with a concentration in marketing from the Peter F. Drucker School of Management at Claremont Graduate University. She received her Ph.D., with a concentration in marketing and minor in international business, from Rutgers University.

As managing director of L.A.I. Communications (Lindsey & Associates International Communications), she has over 15 years of experience working in marketing and public relations, the arts, entertainment and non-profit arenas. L.A.I. clients include Bishop T.D. Jakes’ International Faith and Family Film Festival at MegaFest, CURLS, Fairweather Faces, National Leadership Commission on AIDS, The Domestic Violence Hotline, UMADAOP and Nepperhan Community Center.

Dr. Lindsey-Warren started her career working in Hollywood for the likes of Quincy Jones*David Salzman Entertainment, NBC, Creative Artists Agency (CAA) and Edmonds Entertainment, both in the development of television and film ideas and properties. Most recently, she served as Director of Public Relations for UniWorld Group, the longest-standing multicultural advertising and communications agency in the United States.

She volunteers as a board member for Iris House in Harlem, New York, which is an agency dedicated to helping women of color with AIDS; and Jazz Forum Arts, which presents nationally renowned jazz artists in the Greater New York City area.

Dr. Lindsey-Warren is an accomplished jazz singer who has performed around the world. She is married to Sidney Warren.

ABOUT BAYLOR UNIVERSITY

Baylor University is a private Christian University and a nationally ranked Research 1 institution. The University provides a vibrant campus community for more than 20,000 students by blending interdisciplinary research with an international reputation for educational excellence and a faculty commitment to teaching and scholarship. Chartered in 1845 by the Republic of Texas through the efforts of Baptist pioneers, Baylor is the oldest continually operating University in Texas. Located in Waco, Baylor welcomes students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries to study a broad range of degrees among its 12 nationally recognized academic divisions.

ABOUT THE HANKAMER SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

Baylor University’s Hankamer School of Business strives to further God’s kingdom through the realm of business, using God-given gifts and academic talents to do so. Faculty and students conduct purposeful research and participate in experiential learning opportunities, all while operating in a Christ-centered mission. Undergraduate students can choose from 13 major areas of study. Graduate students can earn their MBA on their terms, either through the full-time, online or a Dallas-based executive program. The Business School also offers three Ph.D. programs in Information Systems, Entrepreneurship or Health Services Research. The School’s top-ranked programs make up approximately 25% of the University’s total enrollment. Visit hankamer.baylor.edu for more information.

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February 3, 2023
Major Private Gifts to Higher Education

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This list covers gifts since 1967. Last updated on October 20, 2022. Supplements to earlier gifts are counted separately. Value of gifts is based on information from institutions or donors at the time the gifts were promised, and is not subsequently adjusted for inflation. In cases of stock, property, art, and other noncash donations, actual value may have increased or decreased since the gifts were pledged or received. Value of gifts to non-U.S. institutions, if not announced in U.S. dollars, is rendered in U.S. dollars according to the exchange rate prevailing when the gift was announced.

$101 MILLION AND ABOVE

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $1.8 billion for student financial aid; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018

Stanford University: from John and Ann Doerr, $1.1 billion to establish School of Sustainability; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Gates Millennium Scholars program: from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $1 billion over 20 years; cash; 1999*

Open Society University Network: from George Soros’s Open Society Foundations, $1 billion to establish the network; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

Vedanta University (India): from the Anil Agarwal Foundation, $1 billion endowment to establish the university; cash; 2006*

California Institute of Technology: from Stewart and Lynda Resnick, $750 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

The Broad Institute: from Ted Stanley, $650 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

California Institute of Technology: from Gordon and Betty Moore and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, $600 million, consisting of $300 million over 5 years and $300 million over 10 years; cash and stock; 2001*

Columbia University and NewYork-Presbyterian: from Florence and Herbert Irving, $600 million; bequest; 2017*

Western Michigan University: from an anonymous donor, $550 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Harvard University: from Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg, $500 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Oregon Health & Science University: from Penny and Phil Knight, $500 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015

Schuler Access Initiative: from the Schuler Education Foundation, $500 million over 10 years to benefit 20 liberal-arts colleges; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

University of California at San Francisco: from the Helen Diller Foundation, $500 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Oregon: from Penny and Phil Knight, $500 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

University of Oregon: from Penny and Phil Knight, $500 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Northwestern University: from Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan, $480 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering: from the F.W. Olin Foundation, $460 million to establish the college; cash; 1997

National Taiwan University: from Terry Gou, $454.5 million, to establish a cancer-care clinic and to conduct cancer research; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of Oregon: from Connie and Steve Ballmer, more than $425 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Ben Gurion University of the Negev (Israel): from the estate of Howard and Lottie Marcus to the university’s American fund-raising arm, $400 million; bequest; 2016

The Broad Institute: from Eli and Edythe L. Broad, $400 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

Columbia University: from John W. Kluge, $400 million; bequest; 2007*

Harvard University: from John A. Paulson, $400 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015

Stanford University: from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, $400 million; cash; 2001*

Stanford University: from Philip H. Knight, $400 million; cash; 2016*

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: from an anonymous donor, $360 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2001†

Cornell University: from the Atlantic Philanthropies, $350 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Harvard University: from the Morningside Foundation (family foundation of the late T.H. Chan), $350 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $350 million for the Bloomberg Distinguished Scholars program; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from Patrick J. and Lore Harp McGovern, estimated at $350 million over 20 years; cash; 2000*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from Stephen A. Schwarzman, $350 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

National University: from T. Denny Sanford, $350 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $300 million for the Bloomberg American Health Initiative; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Missouri University of Science and Technology: Fred and June Kummer, $300 million to create the Kummer Institute Foundation, which will benefit the university; securities; 2020

Princeton University: from William H. Scheide, collection of rare books and manuscripts valued at $300 million; 2015

University of Arkansas at Fayetteville: from the Walton Family Charitable Support Foundation, $300 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2002

University of Chicago: from the Booth Family Trust, $300 million; cash, income from stock, and stock; 2008

Emory University: from the Lettie Pate Evans, Joseph B. Whitehead, and Robert W. Woodruff Foundations, $295 million; stock; 1996

University of Washington: from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $279 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Carnegie Mellon University: from William S. Dietrich II, $265 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Emory University: from the Robert W. Woodruff Foundation, $261.5 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

Jacobs University Bremen (Germany): from the Jacobs Foundation, $254 million (200 million euros); nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

University of California at Berkeley: from an anonymous donor, $252 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

New York University: from Sir Harold Acton, a 57-acre Italian estate, a collection of Renaissance art, and at least $25 million in cash with a value estimated by the university of at least $250 million and perhaps as much as $500 million; 1994

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons: from Diana and P. Roy Vagelos, $250 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from Sanford I. and Joan Weill, $250 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007†

University of Colorado system: from William T. Coleman III and Claudia Coleman, $250 million; stock; 2001*

Yale University: from Charles B. Johnson, $250 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Texas at Austin: from John A. (Jack) Jackson, $232 million; bequest; 2002

University of Pennsylvania: from Raymond G. and Ruth Perelman, $225 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of Maryland at College Park: from the A. James and Alice B. Clark Foundation, $219 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Kansas State University Foundation, Oklahoma State University Foundation, and University of Oklahoma Foundation: from Dolese Bros. Company, $210 million, divided evenly among the three recipients; stock; 2013

University of Cambridge (England): from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $210 million to create Gates Cambridge Scholarship program; nature of gift not disclosed; 2000

University of Washington: from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $210 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Ave Maria University: from Thomas S. Monaghan, $200 million to establish the university; cash and real estate; 2002

Baylor University: from an anonymous donor, estimated $200 million; pledged bequest; 2010*

Catawba College: from an anonymous donor, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021

Claremont McKenna College: from Robert A. Day, $200 million; cash and securities; 2007†

Columbia University: from Dawn M. Greene and the Jerome L. Greene Foundation, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

Columbia University: from Mortimer B. Zuckerman, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012*

Harvard University: from the Blavatnik Family Foundation, $200 million for medical school; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Mayo Clinic School of Medicine: from Jay Alix, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

New York University: from the Leon Levy Foundation, $200 million to create an institute on the ancient world; cash; 2006*

University of California at Irvine: from Susan and Henry Samueli, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of California at Los Angeles: from the Lincy Foundation, $200 million; transfer of all assets; 2011*

University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine: from David Geffen, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2002†

University of California at Santa Barbara: from Charles T. Munger, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Stephen M. Ross, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013†

University of Southern California: from David and Dana Dornsife, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of Southern California: from Lawrence J. Ellison, $200 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

University of Oxford (England): from Stephen A. Schwarzman, $188 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of California at San Francisco: from the Weill Family Foundation and Joan and Sanford I. Weill, $185 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Vanderbilt University: from the Ingram Charitable Fund, $178 million; stock; 1998

Fund for Wisconsin Scholars: from Tashia and John Morgridge, $175 million, to create the college-scholarship program for Wisconsin students; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007†

University of Southern California: from George Lucas’s Lucasfilm Foundation, $175 million, to establish a new film school; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

Oklahoma State University: from T. Boone Pickens, $165 million; cash; 2006

Yale University: from Edward P. Bass, $160 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

McGill University (Canada): from John and Marcy McCall MacBain, $151.1 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Stanford University: from John Arrillaga, $151 million; cash; 2013

Cornell University: from H. Fisk Johnson and the S.C. Johnson company, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Harvard University: from Kenneth Griffin, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Johns Hopkins University: from Sidney Kimmel, $150 million; cash and bequest; 2001*

Johns Hopkins University: from the Stavros Niarchos Foundation, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

New York University: from Julius Silver, $150 million; bequest; 2002

State University of New York at Stony Brook: from the Simons Foundation, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of California at San Diego: from T. Denny Sanford, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of California at San Francisco: from an anonymous donor, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: from Larry and Beth Gies, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Southern California: from the W.M. Keck Foundation, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center: from the Khalifa Bin Zayed al-Nahyan Foundation, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of Utah: from the the Huntsman Foundation (Karen Huntsman and family), $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Wofford College: from Jerome J. Richardson, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Yale University: from Stephen A. Schwarzman, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Yale University: from David Geffen, $150 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Polytechnic Institute of New York University: from Donald and Mildred Topp Othmer, $144.2 million; cash; 1998

Claremont McKenna College: from George R. Roberts, $140 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from anonymous donor, $140 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Wake Forest University, Queens University of Charlotte, and Wingate University: from Porter Byrum, $140 million (half to Wake Forest, a quarter each to Queens and Wingate); bequest; 2017

Lesley University: from trusts created by Frank C. Doble, $136 million; cash; 2008

Tufts University: from trusts created by Frank C. Doble, $136 million; cash; 2008

Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology: from Irwin Mark Jacobs and Joan Klein Jacobs, $133 million for Cornell-Technion campus in New York City; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Harvard University: from Hansjörg Wyss, $131 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of Cambridge (England): from the David and Claudia Harding Foundation, $131 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

DePauw University: from Ruth Clark and Philip Forbes Holton, $128 million; stock; 1997

University of Miami: from an anonymous donor, $126 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

Harvard University: from Hansjörg Wyss, $125 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008

Harvard University: from Hansjörg Wyss, $125 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Louisiana State University: from Claude B. (Doc) Pennington, $125 million; stock and gas-and-oil royalties; 1981

University of Chicago: from the Kenneth C. Griffin Charitable Fund, $125 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Nebraska: from Mildred Topp Othmer, $125 million; cash; 1998

University of Pennsylvania: from Leonard A. Lauder, $125 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of Pittsburgh: from William S. Dietrich II, $125 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of Utah: from Jon M. Huntsman, $125 million; cash; 2000

University of Wisconsin at Madison: John and Tashia Morgridge, $125 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

LaGrange College and Mercer University: from Remer H. and Emily Fisher Crum, $123 million; real estate; 2000*

Northwestern University: from Kimberly K. Querrey and the Louis Simpson Trust, $121 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of Arkansas at Fayetteville: from the Walton Family Charitable Support Foundation, $120 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Rhodes Trust: from John H. and Marcy McCall MacBain, $120 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus: from the Anschutz Foundation, $120 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

University of Pennsylvania: from Walter H. Annenberg, $120 million; cash; 1993

University of Southern California: from Walter H. Annenberg, $120 million; cash; 1993

University of Virginia: from the Quantitative Foundation (Jaffray and Merrill Woodriff), $120 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from Samuel Tak Lee, $118 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Nanyang Technological University (Singapore): from the Lee Foundation, $117 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of Hawaii-Manoa: from Jay Shidler, $117 million; land, with promise of future earnings from long-term ground leases, and cash; 2017

University of Oxford (England): from Leonard Blavatnik, $117 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

University of Oxford (Britain): from Michael Moritz and Harriet Heyman, $116 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012*

Boston University: from Rajen Kilachand, $115 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

California Institute of Technology: from Tanqiao Chen and Chrissy Luo, $115 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Furman University: from the estate of John D. Hollingsworth Jr., $115 million; real estate and other assets; 2001

University of Cambridge (England): from the Ray and Dagmar Dolby Family Fund, $114.1 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017

University of California at Berkeley: from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, $113 million; cash; 2007*

University of Southern California: from Alfred E. Mann, $112.5 million; stock and cash; 1998

California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo: from William and Linda Frost, $110 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Thomas Jefferson University: from the Sidney Kimmel Foundation, $110 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of California at San Diego: from Irwin M. and Joan Jacobs, $110 million; cash and bequest; 2003*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Charles T. Munger, $110 million; securities; 2013*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Richard and Susan Rogel, $110 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

University of Southern California: from the W.M. Keck Foundation, $110 million; cash; 1999*

University of Southern California: from John and Julie Mork, $110 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Emory University: from Robert W. Woodruff, $105 million; stock; 1979

Indiana University at Bloomington: from the Lilly Endowment, $105 million; cash; 2000

New York University: from Jan T. Vilcek, $105 million; future royalties on drug, cash, and trust; 2005*

Ohio University: from the Osteopathic Heritage Foundations, $105 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Stanford University: from Philip H. Knight, $105 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

University of Washington: from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $105 million; cash; 2007*

Virginia Commonwealth University: from R. Todd Stravitz and his family’s Barbara Brunckhorst Foundation, $104 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of Oxford (England): from the Reuben Foundation, $102 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

University of California at San Francisco: from Catellus Development Corporation, $101.3 million; land; 1999

Montana State University: from Mark and Robyn Jones, $101 million for nursing school; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Northwestern University: from Roberta Buffett Elliott, $101 million; cash; 2015

Princeton University: from Peter B. Lewis, $101 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2005†

Colby College: from Peter H. and Paula Crane Lunder, art collection with value of at least $100 million; 2007

Colby College: from Peter H. and Paula Crane Lunder, art collection with value of at least $100 million; 2017*

$100 MILLION

Amherst College: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; cash; 2009*

Amherst College: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; cash; 2018*

Arizona State University: from Ira A. and Mary Lou Fulton, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2005†

Bard College: from the Open Society Foundations, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

Baylor College of Medicine: from Dan L. Duncan, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

Baylor College of Medicine: from the Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

Baylor University: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Boston University: from Edward Avedisian, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

The Broad Institute: from Eli and Edythe L. Broad, $100 million to establish the biomedical-research institute; nature of gift not disclosed; 2003*

The Broad Institute: from Eli and Edythe L. Broad, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2005*

The Broad Institute: from Eli and Edythe L. Broad, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

The Broad Institute: from the Stanley Medical Research Institute, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

Brown University: from Sidney E. Frank, $100 million; trust; 2004

Brown University: from the Warren Alpert Foundation, $100 million; cash; 2007*

Brown University: from Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

California Institute of Technology: from Gordon and Betty Moore, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University: from Alfred and Norma Lerner, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2002*

Columbia University: from Henry R. Kravis, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

Columbia University: from Ronald O. Perelman, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Cornell Tech: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Cornell University: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1999

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from Renée and Robert Belfer (names disclosed in 2011), $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007†

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from Sanford I. and Joan Weill, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1998†

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from Sanford I. and Joan Weill, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2002†

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from Sanford I. and Joan Weill and the Weill Family Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013†

Dartmouth College: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Florida State University: from Jan Moran and the Jim Moran Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Georgetown University: from Frank H. McCourt Jr., $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Georgetown University: from Frank H. McCourt Jr., $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Harvard University: from David M. Rockefeller, $100 million; bequest; 2008*

Harvard University: from an anonymous donor and spouse, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Harvard University: from David E. and Stacey L. Goel, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts General Hospital: from the Phillip T. and Susan M. Ragon Institute Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2009*

John Motley Morehead Foundation: from the Gordon and Mary Cain Foundation, $100 million for scholarships at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; securities; 2007

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $100 million; cash; 2001

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $100 million; cash; 2006

Kenyon College: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Loyola University Chicago: from John and Kathy Schreiber, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from Kenan E. Sahin, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1999*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from David H. Koch, $100 million; cash; 2007*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from from Gerald and Ronald Chan through their Morningside Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

National University: from T. Denny Sanford, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

New York University: from an anonymous donor, $100 million for the NYU Langone Medical Center; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

New York University: from Fiona and Stanley F. Druckenmiller for the NYU Langone Medical Center, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2009*

New York University: from Kenneth G. Langone, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1999

New York University: from Kenneth G. Langone for the NYU Langone Medical Center, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

New York University: from Chandrika and Ranjan Tandon, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Northeastern University: from the Roux Family Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

Northwestern University: from J.B. and M.K. Pritzker, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Ohio State University: from Leslie Wexner and the Limited Brands Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Ohio University: from Dolores H. and Fritz J. Russ, $100 million; bequest; 2008*

Oklahoma State University: from T. Boone Pickens, $100 million; cash; 2008

Oklahoma State University: from T. Boone Pickens, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

Oregon Health & Science University: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Oregon Health & Science University: from Philip H. and Penny Knight, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

Princeton University: from Gordon Y.S. Wu, $100 million; cash and securities; 1995

Princeton University: from Gerhard R. Andlinger, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

Regent University: from the Christian Broadcasting Network, $100 million; interest-bearing note convertible to stock; 1992

Rockefeller University: from David Rockefeller Sr., $100 million; bequest; 2005*

Rockefeller University: from Henry R. and Marie-Josée Kravis, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Rowan University: from Henry M. and Betty L. Rowan, $100 million; stock and cash; 1992

Samford University: from Marvin Mann, $100 million; bequest; 2022

Santa Clara University: from Susan and John A. Sobrato, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Scripps Research Institute: from L. Samuel and Aline W. Skaggs, $100 million; cash; 1996

Stanford University, Lucile Salter Packard Children’s Hospital: from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, $100 million; cash; 2001

Stanford University: from John Arrillaga, $100 million; cash; 2006

Stanford University: from Robert and Dorothy King, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Technion-Israel Institute of Technology: from Alfred E. Mann, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2004*

Technion-Israel Institute of Technology: from Alfred E. Mann, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Tsinghua University (China): from Stephen A. Schwarzman, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Tufts University: from Pierre and Pam Omidyar, $100 million; stock; 2005

United World College System: from Shelby Davis, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

University of California at Davis: from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, $100 million over 11 years, to establish a nursing school; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of California at Los Angeles: from Meyer and Renee Luskin, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of California at Los Angeles: from David Geffen, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012*

University of California at Los Angeles: from David Geffen, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of California at Los Angeles: from Marion Anderson, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of California at Los Angeles: from Henry and Susan Samueli, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of California at San Diego: from T. Denny Sanford, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013

University of California at San Diego: from Evelyn and Ernest Rady and the Rady Family Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of California at San Diego: from T. Denny Sanford, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of California at San Francisco: from Marc and Lynne Benioff, $100 million over 10 years, to establish a children’s hospital; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

University of California at San Francisco: from Charles F. Feeney, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Chicago: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007†

University of Chicago: from Thomas L. Pearson and Pearson Family Members Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Chicago: from Craig and Janet Duchossois and the Duchossois Family Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Florida: from the Herbert and Nicole Wertheim Family Foundation, $100 million for Scripps Institute for the Biomedical Innovation and Technology; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of Illinois: from Thomas M. Siebel, $100 million; bequest; 2007*

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: from the Grainger Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Miami: from family of the late Leonard M. Miller, $100 million; mostly cash; 2004*

University of Miami: from Phillip and Patricia Frost, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Stephen M. Ross, $100 million; cash and bequest; 2004*

University of Mississippi School of Education, Barksdale Reading Institute: from James L. and Sally Barksdale, $100 million; stock; 2000*

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: from Fred Eshelman, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of North Dakota: from Ralph and Betty Engelstad, $100 million; cash, stock, and other assets; 1998

University of Notre Dame: from Kenneth Ricci, $100 million; bequest; 2017*

University of Oregon: from Philip H. and Penny Knight, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of Pennsylvania: from the Abramson Family Foundation, $100 million; cash; 1997

University of Pennsylvania, Annenberg School for Communication: from the Annenberg Foundation, $100 million; cash; 2002

University of Southern California, Annenberg School for Communication: from the Annenberg Foundation, $100 million; cash; 2002

University of Texas at Austin: from the Michael & Susan Dell Foundation, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

University of the Pacific: from Robert C. and Jeannette Powell, $100 million; bequest; 2007

University of Virginia: from Frank Batten Sr., $100 million; cash; 2007*

University of Virginia: from David and Jane Walentas, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of Wisconsin at Madison: from John and Tashia Morgridge, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Washington and Lee University: from an anonymous donor, $100 million; cash and stock; 2007*

Washington University in St. Louis: from the Danforth Foundation, $100 million; stock; 1986

Washington University in St. Louis: from the Danforth Foundation, $100 million; stock; 1997

Western Michigan University: from Ronda Stryker and William Johnston, $100 million; cash; 2011*

Yale University: from an anonymous donor, $100 million for the School of Music; nature of gift not disclosed; 2005†

Yale University: from the Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation, $100 million for the School of Management; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Yeshiva University: Ronald P. Stanton, $100 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006

$99.9 MILLION to $50.1 MILLION

University of Alabama at Birmingham: from Marnix E. Heersink, $95 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Iowa State University: from Frank Ferguson, $93 million; equity stake in company to be sold; 2017*

Northwestern University: from Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey, $92 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Calgary (Canada): from Geoffrey Cumming, about $92 million (100 million Canadian dollars); nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Ohio University: from Dolores and Fritz Russ, estimated at $91.8 million; bequest; 2008*

Stanford University: from James H. Clark, $90 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1999

University of Fribourg (Switzerland): from the Adolphe Merkle Foundation, $90 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of Utah: from Jon M. Huntsman, $90 million; cash; 1995

Yale University: from the estate of Paul Mellon, $90 million; cash, 155 artworks and historical and personal objects; 1999

University of Miami: from Allan and Patti Herbert, $89 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Pennsylvania State University at University Park: from Terrence and Kim Pegula, $88 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

University of Arizona College of Law: from James E. Rogers, $87.5 million; cash and other assets; 1998

Georgetown University: from Virginia and Harry J. Toulmin, $87 million; bequest; 2010

Emory University School of Theology: from the estates of W.I.H. and Lula Pitts, $83.3 millon; trust; 1999

Young Harris College: from the estates of W.I.H. and Lula Pitts and Margaret Adger Pitts, $82 million; trust; 1999

Cornell University: from David R. and Patricia Atkinson, $80 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

Duke University: from the Duke Endowment, $80 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

George Washington University: from the Milken Institute, the Sumner M. Redstone Charitable Foundation, and the Milken Family Foundation, $80 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Iowa State University: from an anonymous donor, $80 million; stock; 1999

West Texas A&M University: from Paul Engler and the Paul F. and Virginia J. Engler Foundation, $80 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Western State Colorado University: from Paul M. Rady, $80 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Stanford University: from William R. Hewlett and David Packard, $77 million; cash and securities; 1994

Florida International University: from Mitchell Wolfson, a museum and its collection; with a value estimated by the university of $75.5 million; 1997

Gordon College: from an anonymous donor; $75.5 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Boston College: from Joyce L. and E. Paul Robsham, $75 million; bequest; 2021

Claremont McKenna College: from Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Foundation, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008†

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from Sandra and Edward Meyer and the Sandra and Edward Meyer Foundation, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Duke University: from the Duke Endowment, $75 million; cash; 2005†

Georgetown University: from the estate of Robert L. McDevitt, $75 million; bequest; 2008

Hollins University: from an anonymous donor, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Johns Hopkins University: from William H. Miller, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Kenyon College: from an anonymous donor, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Marist College: from the estate of Raymond A. Rich, approximately $75 million; mansion, surrounding property, and cash; 2009

Mount Sinai School of Medicine: from the Frederick and Sharon Klingenstein Fund, $75 million; cash and securities; 1999*

Northwestern University Medical School: from the Joseph and Bessie Feinberg Foundation, $75 million; cash; 2002

Rockefeller University: from David Rockefeller, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Stanford University: from Jerry Yang and Akiko Yamazaki, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of California at San Diego: from Taner Halicioglu, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Chicago: from Amy and Richard Wallman, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Chicago: from James and Paula Crown and their family, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

University of Florida: from Al Warrington IV and Judy Warrington, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Notre Dame: from John W. (Jay) Jordan, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Toronto (Canada): from the Gerald Schwartz and Heather Reisman Foundation, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Westmont College: from an anonymous donor, $75 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006

University of Oregon: from Lorry I. Lokey, $74.5 million; cash; 2007*

Duke University: from Peter M. and Ruth Virginia Lilly Nicholas, $72 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2004*

California Institute of Technology: from Rea and Lela Axline, $71 million; cash; 1999

Harvard University: from John L. and Frances Lehman Loeb, $70.5 million; cash; 1995

California Institute of Technology: from the W.M. Keck Foundation, $70 million; cash; 1985

Indiana University system: from Gene Cox, $70 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2005*

Liberty University: from Arthur and Angela Williams, $70 million; cash; 1997

Oral Roberts University: from Mart Green, $70 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

Stanford University: from David and Lucile Packard, $70 million; stock and cash; 1986

Thomas Jefferson University: from Sidney and Caroline Kimmel, $70 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of Cincinnati Medical Center: from the estate of William A. French, $70 million; trust; 1999

University of Washington: from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $70 million; cash; 2003

University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire: from John and Carolyn Sonnentag, $70 milllion; cash and land; 2021*

University of Hawaii: from Jay H. Shidler, $69 million; cash, securities, and commercial-property ownership interests and lease fees; 2014*

University of Virginia: from Frank M. Sands Sr., $68 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Carnegie Mellon University: from the David A. Tepper Charitable Foundation, $67 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Medical College of Georgia Foundation: from the estate and foundation of J. Harold Harrison, $66 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Vermont College of Medicine: from Robert and Helen Larner, $66 million; bequest commitment; 2016*

California Institute of Technology: from the W.M. Keck Foundation, $65.3 million; cash; 1991

Purdue University: from an anonymous bequest, $65 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of California at Santa Barbara: from Charlie Munger, $65 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Virginia: from the estate of David A. Harrison III and Mary Harrison, $64 million; cash; 2002

Oklahoma State University: from T. Boone Pickens, $63 million; cash; 2008

University of Iowa: from the Roy J. Carver Charitable Trust, $63 million; cash; 2002*

University of Virginia: from Frank Batten Sr., $62 million; stock; 1999

Hofstra University and Northwell Health: from Donald and Barbara Hrbek Zucker, $61 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Bard College: from the Open Society Foundation, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Binghamton University (State University of New York): from an anonymous donor, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

California Institute of Technology: from Allen V.C. Davis, $60 million; bequest; 2017

California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo: from an anonymous donor, $60 million; bequest; 2007

Clemson University: from Wilbur O. (Billy) and Ann Powers, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

College of Charleston: from Guy E. Beatty Jr., $60 million; estate trust; 2008*

Columbia University: from John W. Kluge, $60 million; cash, stock, and bonds; 1993

Georgetown University Medical Center: from the estate of Harry A. Toulmin Jr., $60 million; charitable trust; 1997*

Gordon College (Mass.): from Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler, $60 million; bequest; 2007*

Harvard University Medical School: from Isabelle and Leonard Goldenson, $60 million; planned gifts of an undisclosed nature; 1994†

Illinois Institute of Technology: from Robert W. Galvin, $60 million; cash; 1996

Illinois Institute of Technology: from Robert A. Pritzker, $60 million; cash; 1996

Indiana University at Bloomington: from Fred Luddy, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Kansas State University: from the Jack Vanier family, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Northeastern University: from Richard D’Amore and Alan McKim, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012*

Stanford University: from the estate of Richard W. (Ric) Weiland, $60 million; bequest; 2008

State University of New York at Stony Brook: from the Simons Foundation, $60 million; cash; 2008*

Thunderbird School of Global Management: from Samuel S. and Rita Garvin, $60 million; liquid assets; 2004*

University of California at Berkeley: from the Simons Foundation, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012*

University of Dubuque: from Edward and Shirley Babka, $60 million; bequest; 2017*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from the Zell Family Foundation, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Mississippi: from the Joseph C. Bancroft Charitable and Educational Fund, $60 million; trust; 1997

University of Saint Thomas (Minn.): from Lee and Penny Anderson, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007†

University of Southern California: from Jane Anne Nohl, $60 million; bequest; 2007

University of Southern California: from Suzanne Dworak-Peck, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016

University of Texas at Austin: from the Mulva Family Foundation, $60 million; cash; 2014*

Washington University in St. Louis: from the Danforth Foundation, $60 million; cash and stock; 1977

Washington University in St. Louis: from John F. McDonnell and the JSM Charitable Trust, $60 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

University of Cambridge (England): from Ros and Steve Edwards, $58.7 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $58.5 million; cash; 2001

Asbury Theological Seminary: from Ralph Waldo Beeson, $58 million; stock and bonds; 1990

Gates Millennium Scholars program: from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, $58 million; cash; 2006

University of Kansas: from Madison (Al) and Lila Self, $58 million; bequest; 2014

University of California at Irvine: from the estate of Audrey Steele Burnand, $57.75 million; bequest; 2022

Oklahoma State University: from Amy and Malone Mitchell III, $57.2 million; stock; 2008*

Auburn University: from John and Rosemary Brown, $57 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from A. Alfred Taubman, $56 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Barnard College: from Diana T. and P. Roy Vagelos, $55 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Berry College: from J. Bulow Campbell, $55 million; charitable trust; 1995

Carnegie Mellon University: from David A. and Marlene Tepper, $55 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2004*

Chapman University Dale E. Fowler School of Law: from Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler, $55 million; real estate; 2013*

Columbia Theological Seminary: from J. Bulow Campbell, $55 million; charitable trust; 1995

Curtis Institute of Music: from Nina von Maltzahn, $55 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Gonzaga University: from Myrtle Woldson, $55 million; bequest; 2015

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $55 million; cash; 1995

Oklahoma State University: from T. Boone Pickens, $55 million; trust and planned bequest; 2003*

Princeton University: from Peter B. Lewis, $55 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1999†

Stanford University: from John Arrillaga, $55 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

University of Miami: from Stuart Miller and family, $55 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Pennsylvania: from Mindy and Jon Gray, $55 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of Texas at Austin: from Ernest and Sarah Butler, $55 million; cash and planned bequest; 2008*

Washington University in St. Louis: from the Danforth Foundation, $55 million; stock; 1986

Samford University: from Ralph Waldo Beeson, $54.8 million; stock and bonds; 1990

Carnegie Mellon University: from an anonymous donor, $54 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1997

Colorado State University at Fort Collins: from Walter Scott Jr., $53.3 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Indiana University at Bloomington: from the Lilly Endowment, $53 million; cash; 2004

University of Arkansas system: from Winthrop Rockefeller Charitable Trust, $53 million and lease to ranch; 2004*

University of Cambridge (England): from Ray Dolby, $52.6 million; bequest; 2015

University of Virginia: from Ward Buchanan, $52.6 million; bequest; 2002

Purdue University: from William E. Bindley, $52.5 million; cash and bequest; 2002*

Australian National University: from Graham and Louise Tuckwell, $52.1 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Dartmouth College: from an anonymous donor, $52.1 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School: from the estate of Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat, $52 million; bequest; 2007

Texas A&M University: from Dwight Look, $52 million; land; 1992

University of Southern California: from Andrew J. and Erna Viterbi, $52 million; cash; 2004

Pepperdine University: from Blanche Ebert Seaver, $51.7 million; cash and stock; 1996

University of Houston: from John and Rebecca Moores, $51.4 million; stock; 1991

Marquette University: from Raymond A. and Kathryn A. Eckstein, $51 million; personal and private family foundation resources; 2007*

Stanford University: from Dudley Chambers, $51 million; bequest; 2006

Union College (N.Y.): from Rich and Mary Templeton, $51 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

$50 MILLION

American Technion Society: from Andrew Viterbi, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Amherst College: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Arizona State University: from William Polk Carey, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2003†

Arizona State University: from Ira A. Fulton, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2003

Bard College: from Leon Levy, $50 million; cash; 2001

Bates College: from Michael and Alison Grott Bonney, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Boston University: from Allen and Kelli Questrom, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Brandeis University: from Rosaline and Marcia Cohn, $50 million; bequest; 2017*

Brown University: from Walter H. Annenberg, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 1993

Brown University: from Samuel M. and Ann S. Mencoff, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018

California Institute of Technology: from the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, $50 million; cash and stock; 1986

California Institute of Technology: from Ronald and Maxine Linde, at least $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Carleton College: from Wally and Barbara Weitz and family, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Carnegie Mellon University: from Cindy and Tod Johnson, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Claremont McKenna College: from George R. Roberts, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: from the Simons Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014

College for Creative Studies: from Josephine Ford, $50 million; bequest; 2006

College of Idaho: from the J.A. and Kathryn Albertson Foundation, $50 million; cash; 2007

College of William & Mary: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Columbia University Medical Center: from P. Roy and Diana Vagelos, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

Columbia University School of Public Health: from the William H. Gates Foundation, $50 million; cash; 1999

Cornell University: from Sanford I. and Joan Weill, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007†

Cornell University: from Einhorn Family Charitable Trust (David and Cheryl Strauss Einhorn), $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Cornell University: from Peter and Nancy Meinig and family, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Cornell University: from Robert F. Smith’s Fund II Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Cornell University: Peter and Stephanie Nolan, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Cornell University Medical College: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; charitable trust; 1983

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from Maurice R. and Corinne Greenberg, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2002†

Cornell University Weill Medical College: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2003

Creighton University: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2004*

Dartmouth College: from an anonymous family, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2009*

Drake University: from Dwight D. Opperman, $50 million; cash and charitable remainder trust; 1997*

Drexel University: from Thomas R. Kline, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Duke University: from the Duke Endowment, $50 million; cash; 2008†

Duke University: from Bruce and Martha Karsh, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Duquesne University: from Thomas R. Kline, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Emory University: from the O. Wayne Rollins Foundation and Grace Crum Rollins, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

George Mason University: from the estate of Allison M. and Dorothy Rouse, $50 million; bequest; 2019

Georgetown University: from Peter and Susan Cooper, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Harvard University: from the Tata Group (India), $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

Harvard University: from the Blavatnik Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel): from the Edmond J. Safra Philanthropic Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2009

Indiana University Medical Center: from Melvin and Bren Simon, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006†

Iowa State University: from Debbie and Jerry Ivy, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Johns Hopkins University: from the Zanvyl and Isabelle Krieger Fund, $50 million; cash; 1992

Johns Hopkins University: from William Polk Carey, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

Johns Hopkins University: from Michael R. Bloomberg, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Johns Hopkins University: from Sidney Kimmel, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Johns Hopkins University: from William H. Miller III, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences: from the W.M. Keck Foundation, $50 million; cash; 1997

Le Moyne College: from the estate of Robert and Catherine McDevitt, $50 million; bequest; 2008

Loyola University Chicago: from the Cuneo Foundation, $50 million; a mansion, furnishings, artwork, land, and cash; 2009

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from the Jeffry M. and Barbara Picower Foundation, $50 million; cash; 2001

Massachusetts Institute of Technology: from Legatum, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

Middlebury College: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2004*

Montana State University: from Norm Asbjornson, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

Montana State University at Bozeman: from the Gianforte Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

New York University: from Constance and Martin Silver, $50 million; cash and bequest; 2007*

New York University: from the Hassenfeld family, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

North Carolina State University: from the Park Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013

Northeastern University: from Amin Khoury, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Northwestern University: from Jeff and Laurie Ubben, $50 million; estate pledge; 2019*

Nova Southeastern University: from Kiran and Pallavi Patel, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Oglethorpe University: from Q. William Hammack Jr. and Diane Hammack, $50 million; bequest; 2017*

Oklahoma State University: from the Ferguson Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

Oregon State University: from Gary R. Carlson, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Oregon State University: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

Pepperdine University: from Tina and Rick J. Caruso, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Prairie View A&M University: from MacKenzie Scott, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

Rice University: from Ann and John Doerr (Benificus Foundation), $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Rochester Institute of Technology: from Austin McChord, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

St. John’s College (Md. and N.M.): from the Winiarski Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Saint Joseph’s University (Pa.): from James J. and Frances Maguire, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

Saint Louis University: from Jeanne and Rex Sinquefield, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

Smith College: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2020*

Southern Methodist University: from Carolyn L. and David B. Miller, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

Southern Methodist University: from the Garry Weber Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

Stanford University: from Helen and Peter Bing, $50 million, for a new concert hall; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006

Stanford University: from William R. Hewlett, $50 million; cash and stock; 1986

Stanford University: from Steven and Roberta Denning, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016

Swarthmore College: from Eugene Lang, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012*

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso: from Paul L. Foster, $50 million; stock; 2007

Tufts University: from the Cummings Foundation, $50 million; cash; 2004*

Tulane University: from the Weatherhead Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2009*

Tulane University: from the Weatherhead Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

United Negro College Fund: from Walter H. Annenberg, $50 million; cash; 1990

University of Arizona College of Law: from James E. Rogers, $50 million; cash; 1998*

University of Arizona Foundation: from Agnese Nelms Haury, $50 million; bequest; 2014

University of Arkansas: from the Walton Family Charitable Support Foundation, $50 million; cash; 1998

University of California at Davis: from Lynda and Stewart Resnick, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of California at Los Angeles: from Paul I. Terasaki, $50 million; bequest; 2010*

University of California at Los Angeles: from Jonathan and Karen Fielding, $50 million; stock; 2012*

University of California at Los Angeles: from Norman and Irma Switzer, $50 million; bequest; 2014

University of California at San Diego: from Andrew Viterbi, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

University of California at San Francisco: from the Atlantic Philanthropies, $50 million; cash; 2007*

University of California at San Francisco: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of California at San Francisco: from William K. Bowes Jr. Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

University of California at Santa Barbara: from Jeff and Judy Henley, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2012*

University of Chicago: from Harriet Heyman and Michael Moritz, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

University of Chicago: from Arley D. Cathey, $50 million; bequest; 2021

University of Florida: from the Herbert and Nicole Wertheim Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Hawaii-Manoa: from Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of Houston: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of Houston: from Tilman J. Fertitta and his family, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2022*

University of Kansas: from David Booth, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Massachusetts system: from Robert J. and Donna Manning, $50 million; cash; 2021*

University of Michigan: from the Samuel and Jean Frankel Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Helen Zell, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Richard Rogel, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Ronald and Eileen Weiser, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Michigan at Ann Arbor: from Stephen Ross, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Nebraska at Lincoln: from Robert B. Daugherty Charitable Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: from Dennis and Joan Gillings, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: from John L. and Marree Townsend, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Notre Dame: from Joan B. Kroc, $50 million; bequest; 2003

University of Notre Dame: from Donald and Marilyn Keough, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Notre Dame: from Harry and Linda Fath, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

University of Oklahoma: from Clara Weitzenhoffer, $50 million and art; bequest; 2000

University of Oklahoma at Tulsa: from the George Kaiser Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008

University of Oregon: from Steve and Connie Ballmer, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Oregon: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2017*

University of Oxford (England): from Michael Moritz and Harriet Heyman, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

University of Pennsylvania: from Jerome and Anne Fisher, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

University of Pennsylvania: from Marc J. and Carolyn Rowan, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2018*

University of Pennsylvania: from P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2019*

University of Richmond: from E. Claiborne Robins, $50 million; stock; 1969

University of Saint Thomas (Minn.): from Richard M. and Sandra Schulze, $50 million; cash and stock; 2000

University of Saint Thomas (Minn.): from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2008*

University of San Diego: from Joan B. Kroc, $50 million; bequest; 2003

University of Southern California: from the Annenberg Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

University of Southern California: from Ming Hsieh, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

University of Southern California: from the Price Family Charitable Fund, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

University of Southern California: from Gary K. Michelson, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Southern California: from Mark A. and Mary Stevens, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

University of Tennessee at Knoxville: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; gift and bequest; 2006*

University of Tennessee at Knoxville: from James and Natalie Haslam and family, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2014*

University of Texas at Austin: from B.J. (Red) McCombs, $50 million, to be paid over eight years; cash; 2000*

University of Texas at Austin: from the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation, $50 million, to be paid over 10 years; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Texas at Austin: from the Moody Foundation, $50 million, to establish the Moody College of Communication; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School: from the Livestrong Foundation, $50 million; cash; 2014

University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School: from the James and Miriam Mulva and the Mulva Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center: from the T. Boone Pickens Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; cash; 2003*

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas: from Harold C. and Annette Simmons, $50 million; cash; 2005*

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas: from the T. Boone Pickens Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2007*

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas: from Harold C. and Annette Simmons, $50 million; cash; 2008*

University of Texas system: from the Michael and Susan Dell Foundation, $50 million, partly contingent on matching grants; cash and other assets; 2006*

University of Virginia: from the estate of David A. Harrison III and Mary Harrison, in excess of $50 million; bequest; 2002*

University of Virginia: from Martha and Bruce Karsh, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

University of Virginia: from Tessa Ader, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2021*

University of Wisconsin Foundation: from Albert and Nancy Nicholas, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Villanova University: from the Davis Family Foundation, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel): from Nancy and Stephen Grand, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2013*

Wellesley College: from two anonymous alumnae, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2015*

Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation: from John and Tashia Morgridge, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2006*

Yale University: from Paul Mellon, $50 million; artworks and historical documents; 1992

Yale University: from John W. and Susan G. Jackson, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2009*

Yale University: from Edward P. (Ned) Evans, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2010*

Yale University: from by John Malone, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2011*

Yale University: from an anonymous donor, $50 million; nature of gift not disclosed; 2016*

Notes:

* Full amount of gift not yet received.

† Institution would not disclose payment status of gift.

Source: Chronicle reporting

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October 20, 2022