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Tag: Frogs

  • For getting kids excited about sustainability, Fairfax Co. teacher is up for national award – WTOP News

    Laure Grove was eager to teach at Terra Centre Elementary in Burke, because the school was initially built to be environmentally efficient.

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    Fairfax Co. teacher up for national award for getting kids excited about sustainability

    Laure Grove was eager to teach at Terra Centre Elementary in Burke, because the school was initially built to be environmentally efficient.

    In an attempt to conserve energy, the school was constructed underground. When she arrived in 2018, there were a few garden beds outside, but Grove noticed they weren’t being utilized.

    When students returned to the Fairfax County school campus after the peak of the pandemic, the garden beds needed to be cleaned up, Grove said. Many people helped lead that effort, and brainstormed what could be done inside the school building during the cleanup outside.

    What started as a small project to get the gardens ready for use again evolved into a schoolwide approach to get students involved and excited about protecting the environment. The school has an “eco club,” emphasizes recycling and composting and has buy-in from parent volunteers and local businesses.

    For leading that work, Grove has been nominated for a National Wildlife Federation award.

    “What she is instilling in our kids, and actually even our staff, will continue to have an effect for years to come, and how they take care of our world and our environment, which, as we know, is so important right now,” Principal Rebecca Gidoni said.

    Growing up in Virginia, Grove spent a lot of time working with animals and plants. Her mom worked for the National Recreation and Park Association, and her family spent a lot of time on Virginia’s Eastern Shore.

    At Terra Centre, students participate in several different waste reduction programs. The school collects plastic and helps prevent it from ending up in landfills. When they reach 1,000 pounds, it can get turned into a bench. Several such benches are available in the school’s outdoor learning spaces.

    Every classroom, from kindergarten through sixth grade, has a Green Team representative. This year, the group voted to host a battery recycle center.

    Preschoolers have their own vegetable garden and usually grow a pumpkin patch. On the hilly portion of the school’s outdoor area, there’s a pollinator garden. Separately, there are a series of 720-foot bed-edible gardens.

    Last week, as part of a math unit, kindergartners made patterns with pansies in their garden bed. Fifth graders dug up potatoes that were planted last spring. As part of a social studies unit, it led to conversations about ancient civilizations.

    “This little light bulb goes off,” Grove said. “They get to do something hands-on, and they remember it, is the most important thing, and they’re able to then also articulate it, because they can recall it better.”

    To encourage spending time in the outdoor spaces, Grove helped launch a badge competition this year. A classroom gets a sticker for every 15 minutes spent outside learning.

    In the first quarter of the school year, the classes totaled 1,400 minutes of outside learning time.

    “They’re excited, and they’re guiding their own learning with enhanced concepts,” Grove said. “You get to do stuff hands-on. You get to take the stuff that might not be as thrilling in the classroom all the time and apply it in a more cool way.”

    Each week, the school hosts “Don’t Be Wasteful Wednesdays,” encouraging students to discourage waste and promote composting.

    Even parents are chipping in, Grove said. Some volunteer to help maintain the gardens. A group of dads spent a weekend putting together composting bins.

    And sixth grader Laila Turpin recalled a recent project creating a habitat for native frogs.

    “It’s more unique than other schools, because we get to be more involved with nature,” Turpin said.

    The school has a fish tank in the middle of a hallway, next to a fixture of plants being grown.

    “Everything from plastics to planting to composting, watershed, all of those real-world experiences are teaching our kids something that they could learn in a classroom, but not with the same meaning and intentionality as what we’re doing here,” Gidoni said.

    Led by Grove’s efforts, the school earned a “Green Flag” designation from the National Wildlife Federation. The honor recognizes campuses that go above and beyond in teaching students about sustainability.

    Grove, a pre-K special education teacher, called the recognition “a very big honor, because I’m just one teacher at an amazing school in Burke, Virginia. I’m sure there’s lots of other people out there doing amazing stuff too, but we have worked hard at our school, and the kids here — they’re awesome.”

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    Scott Gelman

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  • The call of a native frog is heard again in Southern California

    THE SANTA ROSA PLATEAU ECOLOGICAL RESERVE, Calif. — The scientist traipses to a pond wearing rubber boots but he doesn’t enter the water. Instead, Brad Hollingsworth squats next to its swampy edge and retrieves a recording device the size of a deck of cards. He then opens it up and removes a tiny memory card containing 18 hours of sound.

    Back at his office at the San Diego Natural History Museum, the herpetologist — an expert in reptiles and amphibians — uses artificial intelligence to analyze the data on the card. Within three minutes, he knows a host of animals visit the pond — where native red-legged frogs were reintroduced after largely disappearing in Southern California. There were owl hoots, woodpecker pecks, coyote howls and tree frog ribbits. But no croaking from the invasive bullfrog, which has decimated the native red-legged frog population over the past century.

    It was another good day in his efforts to increase the population of the red-legged frog and restore an ecosystem spanning the U.S.-Mexico border. The efforts come as the Trump administration builds more walls along the border, raising concerns about the impact on wildlife.

    At 2 to 5 inches long (5 to 13 centimeters), red-legged frogs are the largest native frogs in the West and once were found in abundance up and down the California coast and into Baja California in Mexico.

    The species is widely believed to be the star of Mark Twain’s 1865 short story, “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” and their crimson hind legs were eaten during the Gold Rush. But as the red-legged frog declined in numbers, the bullfrog — with its even bigger hind legs — was introduced to menus during California’s booming growth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

    The red-legged frog population was decimated by the insatiable appetite of the bullfrogs and the disease the non-native species brought in, but also because it lost much of its habitat to drought and human development in the shape of homes, dams and more.

    Hollingsworth couldn’t estimate the number of red-legged frogs that remain, but said they have disappeared from 95% of their historical range in Southern California.

    Robert Fisher of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative Program searched for the frog for decades across some 250 miles (400 kilometers) from Los Angeles to the border. He found just one in 2001 and none after that.

    Scientists using DNA from red-legged frogs captured in Southern California before their disappearance discovered they were more genetically similar to the population in Mexico than any still in California.

    In 2006, Fisher, Hollingsworth and others visited Baja where they had heard of a small population of red-legged frogs. Anny Peralta, then a student of Hollingsworth at San Diego State University, joined them. They found about 20 frogs, and Peralta was inspired to dedicate her life to their recovery.

    Peralta and her husband established the nonprofit Fauna del Noroeste in Ensenada, Mexico, which aims to promote the proper management of natural resources. In 2018, they started building ponds in Mexico to boost the frog population that would later provide eggs to repopulate the species across the border.

    But just as they were preparing to relocate the egg masses, the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Peralta and the U.S. scientists scrambled to secure permits for the unusual cargo and a pilot to fly the two coolers of eggs closer to the border. The rest of their journey north was by road, after the eggs passed a U.S. border guard inspection.

    Over the past five years, Hollingsworth and his team have searched for sounds to prove their efforts to repopulate ponds in Southern California worked.

    On Jan. 30, he heard the quiet, distinct grunting of the red-legged frog’s breeding call in an audio flagged by AI.

    “It felt like a big burden off my shoulder because we were thinking the project might be failing,” Hollingsworth said. “And then the next couple nights we started hearing more and more and more, and more, and more.”

    Over the next two months, two males were heard belting it out on microphone 11 at one of the ponds. In March, right below the microphone, the first egg masse was found, showing they had not only hatched from the eggs brought from Mexico but had gone on to produce their own eggs in the United States.

    Conservationists are increasingly turning to artificial intelligence to monitor animals on the brink of extinction, track the breeding of reintroduced species and collect data on the impact of climate change and other threats.

    Herpetologists are building on the AI-powered tools already used to analyze datasets of bird sounds, hoping that it might help build audio landscapes to identify amphibians and track their behavior and breeding patterns, said Zachary Principe of The Nature Conservancy, which is working with the museum on the red-legged frog project. The tools could also help scientists analyze tens of thousands of audio files collected at universities, museums and other institutions.

    Scientists working to restore the red-legged frog population in Southern California hope to soon be provided with satellite technology that will send audio recordings to their phones in real time, so they can act immediately if any predators — in particular bullfrogs — are detected.

    It could also help track the movement of the frogs, which can be difficult to find in the wild, especially because cold-blooded creatures cannot be detected using thermal imagery.

    The AI analysis of the pond audio has saved time for Hollingsworth and the others, who previously had to painstakingly listen to countless hours of audio files to detect the calls of the red-legged frog — which resembles the sound of a thumb being rubbed on a balloon — over the cacophony of other animals.

    “There’s tree frogs calling, there’s cows mooing, a road nearby with a motorcycle zooming back and forth,” Hollingsworth said of the ponds’ audio landscape. “There’s owls, there’s ducks splashing, just all this noise”

    The red-legged frog is the latest species to see success from binational cooperation along the near-2,000-mile (3,200-kilometer) border spanning California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Over the years, Mexican gray wolves have returned to their historic range in the southwestern U.S. and in Mexico, while the California Condor now soars over skies from Baja to Northern California.

    Based off the latest count, scientists estimate more than 100 adult red-legged frogs are in the Southern California ponds, and tadpoles were spotted at a new site.

    The team plans to continue transporting egg masses from Baja, where the population has jumped from 20 to as many as 400 adult frogs, with the hope of building thriving populations on both sides of the border. Already the sites are seeing fewer mosquitos that can carry diseases like dengue and Zika.

    A restoration pond in Baja that Peralta’s organization built recently teemed with froglets, their tiny eyes bobbing on its aquatic fern-covered surface. They could, one day, lay eggs for relocation to the U.S.

    “They don’t know about borders or visas or passports,” Peralta said of the frogs. “This is just their habitat and these populations need to reconnect. I think this shows that we can restore this ecosystem.”

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  • A reptile zoo in southeastern Minnesota celebrates 15 years of captivating visitors

    A reptile zoo in southeastern Minnesota celebrates 15 years of captivating visitors

    MEDFORD, Minn. — Claws, scales, teeth and tails: There’s a place in Medford where alligators and snakes have taken over.

    It’s feeding time for Sally and Allie. And with every bite of chicken comes a fast fact about alligators.

    “She would bite harder than a grizzly bear,” said Jamie Pastika, while feeding Allie the alligator.

    The alligators are just a couple of the creatures that get your attention at the Reptile and Amphibian Discovery Zoo — also known as RAD.

    Pastika is the man behind it all. He was born in northern Minnesota but mostly grew up in Florida and became a zookeeper at Animal Kingdom.

    Then, one day, he and his family decided to leave the swamps for the land of 10,000 lakes. And they brought along a few of their friends.

    “The scaly and slimy are our primary focus here.  I had gone to Reptile Gardens when I was 6 years old. I thought that was the coolest place on Earth. So, I just built my own,” said Pastika.

    From poisonous dart frogs to a green anaconda, nearly 300 creatures of various shapes and sizes live here. No two are the same, but many have something in common.

    “Over half of our animals at the zoo here are rescues. So, we started taking on more and more animals. Once we got a facility, we started getting more and more calls,” Pastika said.

    That includes a call to take Justin Bieber’s former pet boa constrictor. Pastika thought it was a prank at first, but it turned out to be very real. 

    “One day in December I got a box with a very chilly boa constrictor. I was like, oh wow,” Pastika said.

    A big part of what they do here is conservation and education. While these animals take field trips to schools, oftentimes the students visit them.

    “I was like wow, it’s so cool right here,” said Sawyer Moger, who is in first grade.

    Another first-grader, Presley Eide, says the crocodiles are her favorite animal at the zoo. 

    “Just to see the look on the kids’ faces when they get to see an animal they’ve seen on videos or YouTube and they get to just hold one. It’s kind of a cool thing to watch,” Pastika said.

    Pastika and his family hope visitors leave with a new appreciation for reptiles and amphibians. Because for them, workdays are always a snap.

    “When your dog doesn’t want to go to the vet, that’s one thing. When your 500-pound alligator doesn’t want to go to the vet, it’s rodeo day,” said Pastika.

    The RAD Zoo is located in the Medford Outlet Mall and it’s open seven days a week. Pastika’s family also runs a YouTube page where they educate people about their animals.

    John Lauritsen

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  • Hop to it! Jumping Frog Jubilee opens in Calaveras County

    Hop to it! Jumping Frog Jubilee opens in Calaveras County

    Hop to it! Jumping Frog Jubilee opens in Calaveras County

    FAIR HAS TO OFFER. HEY MIKE. YEAH? GOOD MORNING. WE’RE RIGHT OUTSIDE THE FROG SPA. WANT TO KNOW WHAT A FROG SPA IS? WELL, IT’S RIGHT HERE UNDERNEATH THE FROG SIGN. HEY, DAVE, CAN YOU GRAB US A BULL FROG? I KNOW THE LIGHTS AREN’T REALLY WORKING INSIDE THE SPA. OH, THE LIGHTS ARE ON. WELL, THEN WE’RE GOING TO GO INSIDE, SEE IF WE CAN SHOW OFF THE FROG SPA HERE. A COUPLE HUNDRED FROGS IN HERE RIGHT NOW. PREPARING FOR COMPETITION THIS WEEKEND. THAT’S WHAT THIS IS ALL ABOUT. WELL, NOT ALL ABOUT. IT’S THE COUNTY FAIR. OF COURSE. THEY GOT THE RIDES, THE GAMES, THE SHORE SHOWS AND FUN ACTIVITIES. BUT CALAVERAS FROG JUMPING JUBILEE, IT’S ALL ABOUT WHAT MARK TWAIN WROTE ABOUT MORE THAN 100 YEARS AGO. THE JUMPING FROGS HERE IN CALAVERAS COUNTY. AND THESE ARE ALL BULL FROGS READY FOR FOR THE BIG COMPETITION THIS WEEKEND. AND WHAT MAKES THIS COMPETITION EVEN BIGGER THIS YEAR IS IF SOMEONE CAN BREAK THE WORLD RECORD, THEY CAN GET. $20,000 SHASTA LIVE. WE’RE LIVE ON KCRA 3 RIGHT NOW. BUT I GOT TO ASK YOU REAL QUICK, YOU SAID THAT WHETHER COULD PLAY A ROLE IN THE POTENTIAL. ABSOLUTELY, ABSOLUTELY. THE WEATHER COULD PLAY A ROLE. IT’S SUPPOSED TO BE VERY NICE. THE WEATHER’S GOING TO BE 78, 82, AND HOPEFULLY THERE’LL BE NO WIND. THEY DON’T LIKE THE WIND BLOWING AT THEIR FACE, BUT IF EVERYTHING’S RIGHT, PLUS THE JOCKEY PLAYS A BIG PART IN IT AND AND THEY CAN FROG TO GO AND HOPEFULLY HE’LL GO STRAIGHT AND BREAK 21FT 5.75IN. YOU’RE GOING TO WALK AWAY WITH $20,000, $20,000. NOT BAD. AND KEEP IN MIND, EVERY SINGLE ONE OF THESE FROGS BULLFROG, BECAUSE THAT’S THE ONLY TYPE THAT JUMP WAY BACK THEN. BY THE WAY, TAMARA BERG WAS DOWN HERE. SHE GOT A FROG TO ACTUALLY JUMP. WHAT WAS THAT SIX INCHES? I DON’T KNOW, BACK OUT HERE LIVE THOUGH. HERE IS YET ANOTHER, UH, BULL FROG JUST TO SHOW OFF WHAT THIS IS ALL ABOUT HERE AT THE CALAVERAS COUNTY FAIR AND JUMPING FROG JUBILEE OPEN TODAY ALL THE WAY THROUGH SUNDAY LIVE IN CALAVERAS COUNTY, MIKE TESELLE BACK TO YOU. THEY LOOK READY TO GO.

    Hop to it! Jumping Frog Jubilee opens in Calaveras County

    One of California’s most famous and longest-running county fairs, The Calaveras County Fair & Jumping Frog Jubilee, is back for the annual four-day event.The event, which runs from May 16-19, draws between 30,000 to 50,000 visitors from around the world, according to the Calaveras Visitors Bureau.Mark Twain penned the famous story of frog jumping back in 1867. Although, frog jumping didn’t become a part of the annual fair until the 1930s, according to the event’s website.Gates opened at 8 a.m., with frog jumping events scheduled to begin at 10 a.m. each day.Watch the video below for a view of the fair when it opened and for a frog joke at the end.Children under the age of 12 get in free all day on Thursday.For more information about the event, click here. See more coverage of top California stories here | Download our app.

    One of California’s most famous and longest-running county fairs, The Calaveras County Fair & Jumping Frog Jubilee, is back for the annual four-day event.

    The event, which runs from May 16-19, draws between 30,000 to 50,000 visitors from around the world, according to the Calaveras Visitors Bureau.

    Mark Twain penned the famous story of frog jumping back in 1867. Although, frog jumping didn’t become a part of the annual fair until the 1930s, according to the event’s website.

    Gates opened at 8 a.m., with frog jumping events scheduled to begin at 10 a.m. each day.

    Watch the video below for a view of the fair when it opened and for a frog joke at the end.

    Children under the age of 12 get in free all day on Thursday.

    For more information about the event, click here.

    See more coverage of top California stories here | Download our app.

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  • US to reopen review of Nevada geothermal plant near endangered toad while legal battle is on hold

    US to reopen review of Nevada geothermal plant near endangered toad while legal battle is on hold

    RENO, Nev. — In a reversal that marks a significant victory for conservationists, federal officials have decided to “revisit” the 2021 environmental review that cleared the way for construction of a geothermal power plant in Nevada where an endangered toad lives.

    Environmentalists and tribal leaders suing to block the project said the move will trigger an unprecedented third review of the partially built power plant that they say the Bureau of Land Management illegally approved in December 2021.

    “This vindicates what we’ve been saying for years,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin director at the Center for Biological Diversity. “The federal government’s environmental review was flawed and it never should’ve approved the project.”

    Justice Department lawyers representing the bureau didn’t specify in court documents last week whether the agency intends to conduct a supplemental analysis of the potential impacts of the project or scrap the previous review and initiate an entirely new one required under the National Environmental Policy Act. They also didn’t say what prompted the agency to reverse its earlier position that additional review was unnecessary.

    But either way the decision means it will be several months or potentially more than a year before Ormat Technologies can resume construction of the plant it started building last year in the Dixie Meadows, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno.

    “I really can’t guess because there’s so much that remains up in the air, but I would say we are looking at a years’ long process,” Scott Lake, a lawyer for the Center for Conservation Biology, said on Friday.

    The conflict underscores challenges President Joe Biden has repeatedly faced in vowing to protect fish and wildlife while also pushing the development of so-called green energy projects on U.S. lands to help combat climate change.

    The center and the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe first sued the bureau in federal court in Reno in January 2022. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declared the Dixie Valley toad endangered on an emergency basis that April and then made the listing permanent in December.

    The opponents say pumping hot water from beneath the earth’s surface to generate carbon-free power would adversely affect the levels and temperatures of surface water critical to the survival of the toad. The area is the only place the toad is known to exist on earth. The hot springs that feed the wetlands are sacred to the tribe, the lawsuit says.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service concluded in its listing decision the project posed the single biggest threat to the toad and that “threatened species status is not appropriate because the threat of extinction is imminent.”

    Last summer, a U.S. appeals court refused to grant a temporary injunction blocking construction of the 60 megawatt power plant. But hours later, Ormat announced that it had agreed to temporarily suspend all work. Then, in late October, the company asked for the case to be put on hold while it developed a smaller plan.

    U.S. District Judge Robert C. Jones formally stayed the case in February.

    BLM subsequently rescinded its approval of the original project and approved plans for a scaled-down plant that would produce only about one-fourth as much power. But the agency said construction couldn’t resume until it completed consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service and the service agreed it would not jeopardize the survival of the toad — as required under the Endangered Species Act.

    The bureau said earlier this year it anticipated consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service would be completed sometime this summer.

    But its lawyers said in a July 5 court filing that “while BLM has been diligently working to complete a biological assessment, it has not yet done so.”

    “As a result of its ESA consultation efforts and new information it has determined that it would be prudent to revisit the environmental review underlying the project,” they wrote. “BLM does not intend to authorize any such new construction until the conclusion of the environmental review.”

    Reno-based Ormat, the second largest U.S. producer of geothermal power behind Texas-based Calpine, said in a statement last week it supported additional review.

    “Consistent with Ormat’s track record of environmental stewardship, we are confident that additional NEPA review will support responsible development of Dixie Meadows, and will ensure Ormat is taking the necessary steps to mitigate any environmental impact,” Ormat CEO Doron Blachar said.

    Ormat said in a report to security holders in March that the company “believes it has strong legal defenses against the present claims, however, there can be no assurances regarding the resolution of these proceedings.”

    “As a result, at this time, the company cannot reasonably predict the ultimate outcome of this litigation or regulatory process or estimate the possible loss or range of loss it may bear, if any.”

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  • US to reopen review of Nevada geothermal plant near endangered toad while legal battle is on hold

    US to reopen review of Nevada geothermal plant near endangered toad while legal battle is on hold

    RENO, Nev. — In a reversal that marks a significant victory for conservationists, federal officials have decided to “revisit” the 2021 environmental review that cleared the way for construction of a geothermal power plant in Nevada where an endangered toad lives.

    Environmentalists and tribal leaders suing to block the project said the move will trigger an unprecedented third review of the partially built power plant that they say the Bureau of Land Management illegally approved in December 2021.

    “This vindicates what we’ve been saying for years,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin director at the Center for Biological Diversity. “The federal government’s environmental review was flawed and it never should’ve approved the project.”

    Justice Department lawyers representing the bureau didn’t specify in court documents last week whether the agency intends to conduct a supplemental analysis of the potential impacts of the project or scrap the previous review and initiate an entirely new one required under the National Environmental Policy Act. They also didn’t say what prompted the agency to reverse its earlier position that additional review was unnecessary.

    But either way the decision means it will be several months or potentially more than a year before Ormat Technologies can resume construction of the plant it started building last year in the Dixie Meadows, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno.

    “I really can’t guess because there’s so much that remains up in the air, but I would say we are looking at a years’ long process,” Scott Lake, a lawyer for the Center for Conservation Biology, said on Friday.

    The conflict underscores challenges President Joe Biden has repeatedly faced in vowing to protect fish and wildlife while also pushing the development of so-called green energy projects on U.S. lands to help combat climate change.

    The center and the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe first sued the bureau in federal court in Reno in January 2022. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declared the Dixie Valley toad endangered on an emergency basis that April and then made the listing permanent in December.

    The opponents say pumping hot water from beneath the earth’s surface to generate carbon-free power would adversely affect the levels and temperatures of surface water critical to the survival of the toad. The area is the only place the toad is known to exist on earth. The hot springs that feed the wetlands are sacred to the tribe, the lawsuit says.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service concluded in its listing decision the project posed the single biggest threat to the toad and that “threatened species status is not appropriate because the threat of extinction is imminent.”

    Last summer, a U.S. appeals court refused to grant a temporary injunction blocking construction of the 60 megawatt power plant. But hours later, Ormat announced that it had agreed to temporarily suspend all work. Then, in late October, the company asked for the case to be put on hold while it developed a smaller plan.

    U.S. District Judge Robert C. Jones formally stayed the case in February.

    BLM subsequently rescinded its approval of the original project and approved plans for a scaled-down plant that would produce only about one-fourth as much power. But the agency said construction couldn’t resume until it completed consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service and the service agreed it would not jeopardize the survival of the toad — as required under the Endangered Species Act.

    The bureau said earlier this year it anticipated consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service would be completed sometime this summer.

    But its lawyers said in a July 5 court filing that “while BLM has been diligently working to complete a biological assessment, it has not yet done so.”

    “As a result of its ESA consultation efforts and new information it has determined that it would be prudent to revisit the environmental review underlying the project,” they wrote. “BLM does not intend to authorize any such new construction until the conclusion of the environmental review.”

    Reno-based Ormat, the second largest U.S. producer of geothermal power behind Texas-based Calpine, said in a statement last week it supported additional review.

    “Consistent with Ormat’s track record of environmental stewardship, we are confident that additional NEPA review will support responsible development of Dixie Meadows, and will ensure Ormat is taking the necessary steps to mitigate any environmental impact,” Ormat CEO Doron Blachar said.

    Ormat said in a report to security holders in March that the company “believes it has strong legal defenses against the present claims, however, there can be no assurances regarding the resolution of these proceedings.”

    “As a result, at this time, the company cannot reasonably predict the ultimate outcome of this litigation or regulatory process or estimate the possible loss or range of loss it may bear, if any.”

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  • US to reopen review of Nevada geothermal plant near endangered toad while legal battle is on hold

    US to reopen review of Nevada geothermal plant near endangered toad while legal battle is on hold

    RENO, Nev. — In a reversal that marks a significant victory for conservationists, federal officials have decided to “revisit” the 2021 environmental review that cleared the way for construction of a geothermal power plant in Nevada where an endangered toad lives.

    Environmentalists and tribal leaders suing to block the project said the move will trigger an unprecedented third review of the partially built power plant that they say the Bureau of Land Management illegally approved in December 2021.

    “This vindicates what we’ve been saying for years,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin director at the Center for Biological Diversity. “The federal government’s environmental review was flawed and it never should’ve approved the project.”

    Justice Department lawyers representing the bureau didn’t specify in court documents last week whether the agency intends to conduct a supplemental analysis of the potential impacts of the project or scrap the previous review and initiate an entirely new one required under the National Environmental Policy Act. They also didn’t say what prompted the agency to reverse its earlier position that additional review was unnecessary.

    But either way the decision means it will be several months or potentially more than a year before Ormat Technologies can resume construction of the plant it started building last year in the Dixie Meadows, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno.

    “I really can’t guess because there’s so much that remains up in the air, but I would say we are looking at a years’ long process,” Scott Lake, a lawyer for the Center for Conservation Biology, said on Friday.

    The conflict underscores challenges President Joe Biden has repeatedly faced in vowing to protect fish and wildlife while also pushing the development of so-called green energy projects on U.S. lands to help combat climate change.

    The center and the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe first sued the bureau in federal court in Reno in January 2022. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declared the Dixie Valley toad endangered on an emergency basis that April and then made the listing permanent in December.

    The opponents say pumping hot water from beneath the earth’s surface to generate carbon-free power would adversely affect the levels and temperatures of surface water critical to the survival of the toad. The area is the only place the toad is known to exist on earth. The hot springs that feed the wetlands are sacred to the tribe, the lawsuit says.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service concluded in its listing decision the project posed the single biggest threat to the toad and that “threatened species status is not appropriate because the threat of extinction is imminent.”

    Last summer, a U.S. appeals court refused to grant a temporary injunction blocking construction of the 60 megawatt power plant. But hours later, Ormat announced that it had agreed to temporarily suspend all work. Then, in late October, the company asked for the case to be put on hold while it developed a smaller plan.

    U.S. District Judge Robert C. Jones formally stayed the case in February.

    BLM subsequently rescinded its approval of the original project and approved plans for a scaled-down plant that would produce only about one-fourth as much power. But the agency said construction couldn’t resume until it completed consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service and the service agreed it would not jeopardize the survival of the toad — as required under the Endangered Species Act.

    The bureau said earlier this year it anticipated consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service would be completed sometime this summer.

    But its lawyers said in a July 5 court filing that “while BLM has been diligently working to complete a biological assessment, it has not yet done so.”

    “As a result of its ESA consultation efforts and new information it has determined that it would be prudent to revisit the environmental review underlying the project,” they wrote. “BLM does not intend to authorize any such new construction until the conclusion of the environmental review.”

    Reno-based Ormat, the second largest U.S. producer of geothermal power behind Texas-based Calpine, said in a statement last week it supported additional review.

    “Consistent with Ormat’s track record of environmental stewardship, we are confident that additional NEPA review will support responsible development of Dixie Meadows, and will ensure Ormat is taking the necessary steps to mitigate any environmental impact,” Ormat CEO Doron Blachar said.

    Ormat said in a report to security holders in March that the company “believes it has strong legal defenses against the present claims, however, there can be no assurances regarding the resolution of these proceedings.”

    “As a result, at this time, the company cannot reasonably predict the ultimate outcome of this litigation or regulatory process or estimate the possible loss or range of loss it may bear, if any.”

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  • Nevada lithium mine wins ruling; green energy fights rage on

    Nevada lithium mine wins ruling; green energy fights rage on

    RENO, Nev. — A U.S. judge has ordered the government to revisit part of its environmental review of a lithium mine planned in Nevada, but denied opponents’ efforts to block it in a ruling the developer says clears the way for construction at the nation’s largest known deposit of the rare metal widely used in rechargeable batteries.

    The ruling marks a significant victory for Canada-based Lithium Americas Corp. at its subsidiary’s project near Nevada’s border with Oregon, and a setback — at least for now — for conservationists, tribes and a Nevada rancher who have all been fighting it for two years. The opponents said they are considering an appeal based in part on growing questions raised about the reach of an 150-year-old mining law.

    It’s the latest development in a series of high-stakes legal battles that pit environmentalists and others against so-called “green energy” projects President Joe Biden’s administration is pushing to help speed the nation’s transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

    The White House says the mine on the Nevada-Oregon line is critical to ramped up efforts to producing raw materials for electric vehicle batteries.

    Critics argue digging for lithium poses the same ecological threats as mining for any other mineral or metal in the biggest gold-mining state in the U.S. They say efforts to downplay potential environmental and cultural impacts amount to “greenwashing,”

    “We need truly just and sustainable solutions for the climate crisis, and not be digging ourselves deeper into the biodiversity crisis,” said Greta Anderson, deputy director of the Western Watersheds Project, one of the plaintiffs considering an appeal.

    U.S. District Judge Miranda Du in Reno concluded late Monday that the opponents had failed to prove the project the U.S. Bureau of Land Management approved in January 2021 would harm wildlife habitat, degrade groundwater or pollute the air.

    She also denied — for the third time — relief sought by Native American tribes who argued it could destroy a nearby sacred site where their ancestors were massacred in 1865.

    In her 49-page ruling, Du emphasized deference to a federal agency’s approval of such projects. But she also acknowledged the complexity of laws regulating energy exploration under a recent U.S. appellate court ruling she adopted that could pose new challenges for those staking claims under the Mining Law of 1872.

    “While this case encapsulates the tensions among competing interests and policy goals, this order does not somehow pick a winner based on policy considerations,” Du warned in the introduction of her verdict.

    Other projects that face legal challenges in U.S. court in Nevada include a proposed lithium mine where a desert wildflower has been declared endangered, and a proposed geothermal power plant on federal land near habitat for an endangered toad.

    Last week, General Motors Co. announced it had conditionally agreed to invest $650 million in Lithium Americas in a deal that will give GM exclusive access to the first phase of the Thacker Pass mine 200 miles (321 kilometers) northeast of Reno. The equity investment is contingent on the project clearing the final environmental and legal challenges it faces in federal court.

    “The favorable ruling leaves in place the final regulatory approval needed in moving Thacker Pass into construction,” Jonathan Evans, Lithium Americas’ president and CEO, said in a statement Tuesday. The company expects production to begin in the second half of 2026.

    Du handed a partial victory to environmentalists in agreeing that the Bureau of Land Management had failed to determine whether the company had valid mining rights on 1,300 acres (526 hectares) adjacent to the mine site where Lithium Nevada intends to bury waste rock.

    But she denied the opponents’ request to vacate the agency’s approval of the overall project’s Record of Decision, which would have prohibited any construction from beginning until a new record of decision was issued.

    Environmentalists clung to the lone part of her decision favorable to them. That part incorporates a recent ruling by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in a fight over the Mining Law of 1872 in a case in Arizona that could prove more onerous to mining companies that want to dispose of their waste on neighboring federal lands.

    The San Francisco-based appellate court upheld an Arizona ruling that the Forest Service lacked authority to approve Rosemont Copper’s plans to dispose of waste rock on land adjacent to the mine it wanted to dig on a national forest southeast of Tucson. The service and the Bureau of Land Management long have interpreted the mining law to convey the same mineral rights to such lands.

    “It’s disappointing that the BLM and the Biden Administration can’t see through the greenwashing,” Wildland Defense’s Katie Fite said Tuesday.

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  • US judge refuses to block Nevada lithium mine construction

    US judge refuses to block Nevada lithium mine construction

    RENO, Nev. — A federal judge has ordered the government to revisit part of its environmental review of a lithium mine planned in Nevada but denied opponents’ effort to block the project in a ruling the developer says clears the way for construction at the largest known U.S. lithium deposit.

    The ruling late Monday marks a significant victory for Canada-based Lithium Americas Corp. at its subsidiary’s project near the Oregon line, and a setback for conservationists, tribes and a Nevada rancher who’ve been fighting it for two years.

    President Joe Biden’s administration says the mine is key to producing raw materials for electric vehicle batteries to help speed the nation’s transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

    “The favorable ruling leaves in place the final regulatory approval needed in moving Thacker Pass into construction,” Jonathan Evans, Lithium Americas’ president and CEO, said in a statement Tuesday. The company expects production to begin in the second half of 2026.

    Last week, General Motors Co. announced it had conditionally agreed to invest $650 million in Lithium Americas in a deal that will give GM exclusive access to the first phase of the Thacker Pass mine. The equity investment is contingent on the project clearing the final environmental and legal challenges it faces in federal court in Reno.

    The Bureau of Land Management approved the project in January 2021. A rancher, conservationists and tribes started filing lawsuits opposing it weeks later.

    Spokespersons for the plaintiffs said they were considering whether to appeal the ruling. They said they will keep trying to find other ways to block the project.

    “We don’t intend to stop fighting this destructive project,” Greta Anderson of the Western Watersheds Project said Tuesday in an email to The Associated Press.

    Will Falk, a lawyer for the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, said in an email Tuesday that “American law priorities mining on public lands over all other users — including Native American spiritual uses.

    “Until that changes, law will be a limited tactic in protecting public land and Native American sacred places,” he said.

    In a 49-page ruling late Monday, U.S. District Judge Miranda Du in Reno concluded opponents had failed to prove the overall project would harm wildlife habitat, degrade groundwater or pollute the air.

    She also denied — for the third time — relief sought by Native American tribes who argued it could destroy a nearby sacred site where their ancestors were massacred in 1865.

    Du’s ruling reflected the high-stakes battle that pits environmentalists against so-called “green energy” projects the Biden administration is pushing over the objections of conservation groups, tribes and others.

    Other projects that face legal challenges in federal court in Nevada include a proposed lithium mine where a desert wildflower has been declared endangered, and a proposed geothermal power plant near habitat for an endangered toad.

    “While this case encapsulates the tensions among competing interests and policy goals, this order does not somehow pick a winner based on policy considerations,” Du wrote.

    Du handed a partial victory to environmentalists in agreeing that the Bureau of Land Management had failed to determine whether the company had valid mining rights on 1,300 acres (526 hectares) adjacent to the mine site where Lithium Nevada intends to bury waste rock.

    But she denied the opponents’ request to vacate the agency’s approval of the overall project’s Record of Decision, which would have prohibited any construction to begin until a new record of decision was issued.

    Instead, she said she would remand the case back to Bureau of Land Management to determine whether valid mining rights exist on the neighboring lands.

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  • Glass act: Scientists reveal secrets of frog transparency

    Glass act: Scientists reveal secrets of frog transparency

    WASHINGTON — Now you see them, now you don’t.

    Some frogs found in South and Central America have the rare ability to turn on and off their nearly transparent appearance, researchers report Thursday in the journal Science.

    During the day, these nocturnal frogs sleep by hanging underneath tree leaves. Their delicate, greenish transparent forms don’t cast shadows, rendering them almost invisible to birds and other predators passing overhead or underneath.

    But when northern glass frogs wake up and hop around in search of insects and mates, they take on an opaque reddish-brown color.

    “When they’re transparent, it’s for their safety,” said Junjie Yao, a Duke University biomedical engineer and study co-author. When they’re awake, they can actively evade predators, but when they’re sleeping and most vulnerable, “they have adapted to remain hidden.”

    Using light and ultrasound imaging technology, the researchers discovered the secret: While asleep, the frogs concentrate, or “hide,” nearly 90% of their red blood cells in their liver.

    Because they have transparent skin and other tissues, it’s the blood circulating through their bodies that would otherwise give them away. The frogs also shrink and pack together most of their internal organs, Yao said.

    The research “beautifully explains” how “glass frogs conceal blood in the liver to maintain transparency,” said Juan Manuel Guayasamin, a frog biologist at University San Francisco of Quito, Ecuador, who was not involved in the study.

    Exactly how they do this, and why it doesn’t kill them, remains a mystery. For most animals, having very little blood circulating oxygen for several hours would be deadly. And concentrating blood so tightly would result in fatal clotting. But somehow, the frogs survive.

    Further research on the species could provide useful clues for the development of anti-blood clotting medications, said Carlos Taboada, a Duke University biologist and study co-author.

    Only a few animals, mostly ocean dwellers, are naturally transparent, said Oxford University biologist Richard White, who was not involved in the study. “Transparency is super rare in nature, and in land animals, it’s essentially unheard of outside of the glass frog,” White said.

    Those that are transparent include some fish, shrimp, jellyfish, worms and insects — none of which move large quantities of red blood through their bodies. The trick of hiding blood while sleeping appears to be unique to the frogs.

    “It’s just this really amazing, dynamic form of camouflage,” said White.

    ———

    The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

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  • 20 new gurgling and creaking frog species from Madagascar named

    20 new gurgling and creaking frog species from Madagascar named

    Newswise — Taxonomists are working against the clock to discover and catalogue new species before they disappear, to make it possible to protect our planet’s remaining biodiversity. Major strides are needed to move towards completing the biological inventory on Earth. Now, a large international team has made a huge stride forward on the taxonomy of Madagascar’s frogs, naming 20 new species at once. The article was published under open access in the journal Megataxa.

    The frogs belong to the genus Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis, which contained just 14 species until now. These small, brown frogs are ubiquitous along streams in Madagascar’s humid forests, but are inconspicuous to the eye. The males emit very subtle advertisement calls to attract females. ‘The calls typically sound like a creaking door, or a gurgling stomach’ says lead author, Dr Mark D. Scherz, Curator of Herpetology at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, ‘Finding, recording, and catching calling individuals of these frogs is a real challenge, but has proven critically important for the discovery and description of these many new species. That means a lot of time on hands and knees in the mud.

    The team has been building to this for a long time. ‘This is the culmination of intensive fieldwork across Madagascar over more than 30 years’ says Dr Frank Glaw, Curator of Herpetology at the Zoologische Staatssammlung München, in Munich, Germany, ‘Our dataset contains genetic data from over 1300 frogs, and measurements of several hundred specimens.

    One key tool in the authors’ arsenal was the use of cutting-edge ‘museomics’, where DNA is sequenced from old museum material. This is often difficult, because DNA degrades over time and due to various chemicals that are used to preserve animal specimens. But using an approach called ‘DNA Barcode Fishing’, the team were able to get useable DNA sequences from most of the relevant museum material. ‘Museomics gave definitive identifications of sometimes very ambiguous-looking specimens,’ says senior author, Professor Miguel Vences of the Technische Universität Braunschweig, ‘This gives us a level of confidence in our species descriptions that was not previously possible based on morphology alone.’

    Even this huge stride forward doesn’t seem to be the last word on the subgenus Brygoomantis. ‘There are still several Brygoomantis lineages that are probably separate species, but that we didn’t have enough data or material for,’ says Dr Andolalao Rakotoarison, co-chair of the Amphibian Specialist Group for Madagascar, ‘Even for those species for which we have names, we know almost nothing about their biology or ecology. We need a lot more field research on these frogs, and more specimens in museum collections, to really gain a good understanding of them.’

    Citation: Scherz, M.D., Crottini, A., Hutter, C.R., Hildenbrand, A., Andreone, F., Fulgence, T.R., Köhler, G., Ndraintsoa, S.H., Ohler, A., Preick, M., Rakotoarison, A., Rancilhac, L., Raselimanana, A.P., Riemann, J.C., Rödel, M.-O., Rosa, G.M., Streicher, J.W., Vieites, D.R., Köhler, J., Hofreiter, M., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2022) An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar. Megataxahttps://doi.org/10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1

    University of Copenhagen

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  • Nevada flower listed as endangered at lithium mine site

    Nevada flower listed as endangered at lithium mine site

    RENO, Nev. — A Nevada wildflower was declared endangered at the only place it’s known to exist — on a high-desert ridge where a lithium mine is planned to help meet growing demand for electric car batteries, U.S. wildlife officials announced Wednesday.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service’s formal listing of Tiehm’s buckwheat and its accompanying designation of 910 acres (368 hectares) of critical habitat for the 6-inch-tall (15-centimeter-tall) flower with yellow blooms raises another potential hurdle for President Joe Biden’s “green energy” agenda.

    With an estimated remaining population of only about 16,000 plants, the service concluded that Tiehm’s buckwheat is on the brink of extinction.

    “We find that a threatened species status is not appropriate because the threats are severe and imminent, and Tiehm’s buckwheat is in danger of extinction now, as opposed to likely to become endangered in the future,” the agency said.

    The proposed mining and mineral exploration poses the biggest threat to the flower. It’s also threatened by road-building, livestock grazing, rodents that eat it, invasive plants and climate change, the service said. It said an apparent, unprecedented rodent attack wiped out about 60% of its estimated population in 2020.

    Ioneer, the Australian mining company that’s been planning for years to dig for lithium where the flower grows on federal land halfway between Reno and Las Vegas, says it has developed a protection plan that would allow the plant and the project to coexist.

    But the listing under the Endangered Species Act subjects the mine to its most stringent regulatory requirement to date.

    It also underscores the challenges facing the Biden administration in its efforts to combat climate change through an accelerated transition from fossil fuels to renewables.

    “Lithium is an important part of our renewable energy transition, but it can’t come at the cost of extinction,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin director for the Center for Biological Diversity, which petitioned for the listing in 2019 and sued last year to expedite the plant’s protection.

    The mining company said the decision “provides further clarity for the path forward” and is “fully in line with Ioneer’s expectations” for development of the mine site at Rhyolite Ridge in the Silver Peak Range west of Tonopah, near the California border.

    “We are committed to the protection and conservation of the species and have incorporated numerous measures into our current and future plans to ensure this occurs,” Ioneer managing director Bernard Rowe said in a statement.

    “Our operations have and will continue to avoid all Tiehm’s buckwheat populations,” he said.

    The service’s final listing rule will be published Thursday in the Federal Register.

    The conservationists who sued to protect the plant insist that Ioneer’s mitigation plan won’t pass legal muster. They pledge to resume their court battle if necessary to protect the buckwheat’s habitat from the rush to develop new lithium deposits.

    The flowers are found on a total of just 10 acres (4 hectares) spread across about 3 square miles (7.8 square kilometers). Federal agencies are prohibited from approving any activity on federal lands that could destroy, modify or adversely affect any listed species’ critical habitat.

    Donnelly said the company’s latest operations plan for the first phase of the mine proposes avoiding a “tiny island of land” containing 75% of its population — surrounded by an open pit mine and tailings dumps within 12 feet (3.7 meters) of the flowers.

    The Bureau of Land Management is reviewing the environmental impacts of Ioneer’s latest operations and protection plans.

    But Donnelley noted that USFWS estimated in Wednesday’s final listing rule that the proposed scenario would “disturb and remove up to 38% of the critical habitat for this species, impacting pollinator populations, altering hydrology, removing soil and risking subsidence.”

    “Ioneer’s ‘Buckwheat Island’ scenario would spell doom for this sensitive little flower,” Donnelly said.

    The mine is among several renewable energy-related projects facing legal or regulatory challenges in Nevada. They include another lithium mine proposed near the Oregon border and a geothermal power plant where the Dixie Valley toad has been declared endangered in wetlands about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno.

    “Now that the buckwheat is protected, we’ll use the full power of the Endangered Species Act to ensure Ioneer doesn’t harm one hair on a buckwheat’s head,” Donnelly said.

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  • Nevada toad in geothermal power fight gets endangered status

    Nevada toad in geothermal power fight gets endangered status

    RENO, Nev. — A tiny Nevada toad at the center of a legal battle over a geothermal power project has officially been declared an endangered species, after U.S. wildlife officials temporarily listed it on a rarely used emergency basis last spring.

    “This ruling makes final the listing of the Dixie Valley toad, ” the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said in a formal rule published Friday in the Federal Register.

    The spectacled, quarter-sized amphibian “is currently at risk of extinction throughout its range primarily due to the approval and commencement of geothermal development,” the service said.

    Other threats to the toad include groundwater pumping, agriculture, climate change, disease and predation from bullfrogs.

    The temporary listing in April marked only the second time in 20 years the agency had taken such emergency action.

    Environmentalists who first petitioned for the listing in 2017 filed a lawsuit in January to block construction of the geothermal power plant on the edge of the wetlands where the toad lives about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno — the only place it’s known to exist on earth.

    “We’re pleased that the Biden administration is taking this essential step to prevent the extinction of an irreplaceable piece of Nevada’s special biodiversity,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin regional director for the Center for Biological Diversity.

    The center and a tribe fighting the project say pumping hot water from beneath the earth’s surface to generate carbon-free power would adversely affect levels and temperatures of surface water critical to the toad’s survival and sacred to the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service cited those concerns in the final listing rule.

    “The best available information indicates that a complete reduction in spring flow and significant reduction of water temperature are plausible outcomes of the geothermal project, and these conditions could result in the species no longer persisting,” the agency said.

    “Because the species occurs in only one spring system and has not experienced habitat changes of the magnitude or pace projected, it may have low potential to adapt to a fast-changing environment,” it said. “We find that threatened species status is not appropriate because the threat of extinction is imminent.”

    Officials for the Reno-based developer, Ormat Technology, said the service’s decision was “not unexpected” given the emergency listing in April. In recent months, the company has been working with the agency and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to modify the project to increase mitigation for the toad and reduce any threat to its survival.

    The lawsuit over the original plan to build two power plants capable of producing 60MW of electricity is currently before U.S. District Judge Robert Jones in Reno. It’s already has made one trip to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which refused in August to grant a temporary injunction blocking construction of the power plant the bureau approved in December 2021.

    But just hours after that ruling, Ormat announced it had agreed to temporarily suspend all work on the project until next year. Then in late October, the bureau and Ormat asked the judge to put the case on hold while Ormat submitted a new plan to build just one geothermal plant, at least for now, that would produce only 12MW of power.

    Ormat Vice President Paul Thomsen said in an email to The Associated Press on Thursday that the company disagrees with the wildlife service’s “characterization of the potential impacts” of its project as a basis for the listing decision. He said it doesn’t change the ongoing coordination and consultation already under way to minimize and mitigate any of those impacts “regardless of its status under the Endangered Species Act.”

    “Following the emergency listing decision, BLM began consultation with the FWS, and Ormat has sought approval of a smaller project authorization that would provide additional assurances that the species will not be jeopardized by geothermal development,” he said.

    “As a zero-emissions, renewable energy facility, the project will further the Biden administration’s clean energy initiatives and support the fight against climate change,” Thomsen said.

    Donnelly agreed renewable energy is “essential to combating the climate emergency.”

    “But it can’t come at the cost of extinction,” he said.

    The last time endangered species protection first was initiated on an emergency basis was in 2011, when the Obama administration took action on the Miami blue butterfly in southern Florida. Before that, an emergency listing was granted for the California tiger salamander under the Bush administration in 2002.

    Other species listed as endangered on an emergency basis over the years include the California bighorn sheep in the Sierra Nevada in 1999, Steller sea lions in 1990, and the Sacramento River winter migration run of chinook salmon and Mojave desert tortoise, both in 1989.

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  • Nevada toad in geothermal power fight gets endangered status

    Nevada toad in geothermal power fight gets endangered status

    RENO, Nev. (AP) — A tiny Nevada toad at the center of a legal battle over a geothermal power project has officially been declared an endangered species, after U.S. wildlife officials temporarily listed it on a rarely used emergency basis last spring.

    “This ruling makes final the listing of the Dixie Valley toad, ” the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said in a formal rule published Friday in the Federal Register.

    The spectacled, quarter-sized amphibian “is currently at risk of extinction throughout its range primarily due to the approval and commencement of geothermal development,” the service said.

    Other threats to the toad include groundwater pumping, agriculture, climate change, disease and predation from bullfrogs.

    The temporary listing in April marked only the second time in 20 years the agency had taken such emergency action.

    Environmentalists who first petitioned for the listing in 2017 filed a lawsuit in January to block construction of the geothermal power plant on the edge of the wetlands where the toad lives about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno — the only place it’s known to exist on earth.

    “We’re pleased that the Biden administration is taking this essential step to prevent the extinction of an irreplaceable piece of Nevada’s special biodiversity,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin regional director for the Center for Biological Diversity.

    The center and a tribe fighting the project say pumping hot water from beneath the earth’s surface to generate carbon-free power would adversely affect levels and temperatures of surface water critical to the toad’s survival and sacred to the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service cited those concerns in the final listing rule.

    “The best available information indicates that a complete reduction in spring flow and significant reduction of water temperature are plausible outcomes of the geothermal project, and these conditions could result in the species no longer persisting,” the agency said.

    “Because the species occurs in only one spring system and has not experienced habitat changes of the magnitude or pace projected, it may have low potential to adapt to a fast-changing environment,” it said. “We find that threatened species status is not appropriate because the threat of extinction is imminent.”

    Officials for the Reno-based developer, Ormat Technology, said the service’s decision was “not unexpected” given the emergency listing in April. In recent months, the company has been working with the agency and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to modify the project to increase mitigation for the toad and reduce any threat to its survival.

    The lawsuit over the original plan to build two power plants capable of producing 60MW of electricity is currently before U.S. District Judge Robert Jones in Reno. It’s already has made one trip to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which refused in August to grant a temporary injunction blocking construction of the power plant the bureau approved in December 2021.

    But just hours after that ruling, Ormat announced it had agreed to temporarily suspend all work on the project until next year. Then in late October, the bureau and Ormat asked the judge to put the case on hold while Ormat submitted a new plan to build just one geothermal plant, at least for now, that would produce only 12MW of power.

    Ormat Vice President Paul Thomsen said in an email to The Associated Press on Thursday that the company disagrees with the wildlife service’s “characterization of the potential impacts” of its project as a basis for the listing decision. He said it doesn’t change the ongoing coordination and consultation already under way to minimize and mitigate any of those impacts “regardless of its status under the Endangered Species Act.”

    “Following the emergency listing decision, BLM began consultation with the FWS, and Ormat has sought approval of a smaller project authorization that would provide additional assurances that the species will not be jeopardized by geothermal development,” he said.

    “As a zero-emissions, renewable energy facility, the project will further the Biden administration’s clean energy initiatives and support the fight against climate change,” Thomsen said.

    Donnelly agreed renewable energy is “essential to combating the climate emergency.”

    “But it can’t come at the cost of extinction,” he said.

    The last time endangered species protection first was initiated on an emergency basis was in 2011, when the Obama administration took action on the Miami blue butterfly in southern Florida. Before that, an emergency listing was granted for the California tiger salamander under the Bush administration in 2002.

    Other species listed as endangered on an emergency basis over the years include the California bighorn sheep in the Sierra Nevada in 1999, Steller sea lions in 1990, and the Sacramento River winter migration run of chinook salmon and Mojave desert tortoise, both in 1989.

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  • Nevada toad in geothermal power fight gets endangered status

    Nevada toad in geothermal power fight gets endangered status

    RENO, Nev. — A tiny Nevada toad at the center of a legal battle over a geothermal power project has officially been declared an endangered species, after U.S. wildlife officials temporarily listed it on a rarely used emergency basis last spring.

    “This ruling makes final the listing of the Dixie Valley toad, ” the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said in a formal rule published Friday in the Federal Register.

    The spectacled, quarter-sized amphibian “is currently at risk of extinction throughout its range primarily due to the approval and commencement of geothermal development,” the service said.

    Other threats to the toad include groundwater pumping, agriculture, climate change, disease and predation from bullfrogs.

    The temporary listing in April marked only the second time in 20 years the agency had taken such emergency action.

    Environmentalists who first petitioned for the listing in 2017 filed a lawsuit in January to block construction of the geothermal power plant on the edge of the wetlands where the toad lives about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno — the only place it’s known to exist on earth.

    “We’re pleased that the Biden administration is taking this essential step to prevent the extinction of an irreplaceable piece of Nevada’s special biodiversity,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin regional director for the Center for Biological Diversity.

    The center and a tribe fighting the project say pumping hot water from beneath the earth’s surface to generate carbon-free power would adversely affect levels and temperatures of surface water critical to the toad’s survival and sacred to the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service cited those concerns in the final listing rule.

    “The best available information indicates that a complete reduction in spring flow and significant reduction of water temperature are plausible outcomes of the geothermal project, and these conditions could result in the species no longer persisting,” the agency said.

    “Because the species occurs in only one spring system and has not experienced habitat changes of the magnitude or pace projected, it may have low potential to adapt to a fast-changing environment,” it said. “We find that threatened species status is not appropriate because the threat of extinction is imminent.”

    Officials for the Reno-based developer, Ormat Technology, said the service’s decision was “not unexpected” given the emergency listing in April. In recent months, the company has been working with the agency and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to modify the project to increase mitigation for the toad and reduce any threat to its survival.

    The lawsuit over the original plan to build two power plants capable of producing 60MW of electricity is currently before U.S. District Judge Robert Jones in Reno. It’s already has made one trip to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which refused in August to grant a temporary injunction blocking construction of the power plant the bureau approved in December 2021.

    But just hours after that ruling, Ormat announced it had agreed to temporarily suspend all work on the project until next year. Then in late October, the bureau and Ormat asked the judge to put the case on hold while Ormat submitted a new plan to build just one geothermal plant, at least for now, that would produce only 12MW of power.

    Ormat Vice President Paul Thomsen said in an email to The Associated Press on Thursday that the company disagrees with the wildlife service’s “characterization of the potential impacts” of its project as a basis for the listing decision. He said it doesn’t change the ongoing coordination and consultation already under way to minimize and mitigate any of those impacts “regardless of its status under the Endangered Species Act.”

    “Following the emergency listing decision, BLM began consultation with the FWS, and Ormat has sought approval of a smaller project authorization that would provide additional assurances that the species will not be jeopardized by geothermal development,” he said.

    “As a zero-emissions, renewable energy facility, the project will further the Biden administration’s clean energy initiatives and support the fight against climate change,” Thomsen said.

    Donnelly agreed renewable energy is “essential to combating the climate emergency.”

    “But it can’t come at the cost of extinction,” he said.

    The last time endangered species protection first was initiated on an emergency basis was in 2011, when the Obama administration took action on the Miami blue butterfly in southern Florida. Before that, an emergency listing was granted for the California tiger salamander under the Bush administration in 2002.

    Other species listed as endangered on an emergency basis over the years include the California bighorn sheep in the Sierra Nevada in 1999, Steller sea lions in 1990, and the Sacramento River winter migration run of chinook salmon and Mojave desert tortoise, both in 1989.

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  • Endangered listing for Nevada toad in geothermal power fight

    Endangered listing for Nevada toad in geothermal power fight

    RENO, Nev. — A tiny Nevada toad at the center of a legal battle over a geothermal power project has officially been declared an endangered species after U.S. wildlife officials temporarily listed it on a rarely-used emergency basis last spring.

    “This ruling makes final the listing of the Dixie Valley toad,” the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said in a formal rule published Friday in the Federal Register.

    The spectacled, quarter-sized amphibian “is currently at risk of extinction throughout its range primarily due to the approval and commencement of geothermal development,” the service said.

    Other threats to the toad include groundwater pumping, agriculture, climate change, disease and predation from bullfrogs.

    The temporary listing in April marked only the second time in 20 years the agency had taken such emergency action.

    Environmentalists who first petitioned for the listing in 2017 filed a lawsuit in January to block construction of the geothermal power plant on the edge of the wetlands where the toad lives about 100 miles (160 kilometers) east of Reno — the only place it’s known to exist on earth.

    “We’re pleased that the Biden administration is taking this essential step to prevent the extinction of an irreplaceable piece of Nevada’s special biodiversity,” said Patrick Donnelly, Great Basin regional director for the Center for Biological Diversity.

    The center and a tribe fighting the project say pumping hot water from beneath the earth’s surface to generate carbon-free power would adversely affect levels and temperatures of surface water critical to the toad’s survival and sacred to the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service cited those concerns in the final listing rule.

    “The best available information indicates that a complete reduction in spring flow and significant reduction of water temperature are plausible outcomes of the geothermal project, and these conditions could result in the species no longer persisting,” the agency said.

    “Because the species occurs in only one spring system and has not experienced habitat changes of the magnitude or pace projected, it may have low potential to adapt to a fast-changing environment,” it said. “We find that threatened species status is not appropriate because the threat of extinction is imminent.”

    Officials for the Reno-based developer, Ormat Technology, said the service’s decision was “not unexpected” given the emergency listing in April. In recent months, the company has been been working with the agency and the U.S. Bureau of Land Management to modify the project to increase mitigation for the toad and reduce any threat to its survival.

    The lawsuit over the original plan to build two power plants capable of producing 60MW of electricity is currently before U.S. District Judge Robert Jones in Reno. It’s already has made one trip to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which refused in August to grant a temporary injunction blocking construction of the power plant the bureau approved in December 2021.

    But just hours after that ruling, Ormat announced it had agreed to temporarily suspend all work on the project until next year. Then in late October, the bureau and Ormat asked the judge to put the case on hold while Ormat submitted a new plan to build just one geothermal plant, at least for now, that would produce only 12MW of power.

    Ormat Vice President Paul Thomsen said in an email to The Associated Press on Thursday that the company disagrees with the wildlife service’s “characterization of the potential impacts” of its project as a basis for the listing decision. He said it doesn’t change the ongoing coordination and consultation already under way to minimize and mitigate any of those impacts “regardless of its status under the Endangered Species Act.”

    “Following the emergency listing decision, BLM began consultation with the FWS, and Ormat has sought approval of a smaller project authorization that would provide additional assurances that the species will not be jeopardized by geothermal development,” he said.

    “As a zero-emissions, renewable energy facility, the project will further the Biden administration’s clean energy initiatives and support the fight against climate change,” Thomsen said.

    Donnelly agreed renewable energy is “essential to combating the climate emergency.”

    “But it can’t come at the cost of extinction,” he said.

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  • Wildlife conference boosts protection for sharks, turtles

    Wildlife conference boosts protection for sharks, turtles

    PANAMA CITY — An international wildlife conference moved to enact some of the most significant protection for shark species targeted in the fin trade and scores of turtles, lizards and frogs whose numbers are being decimated by the pet trade.

    The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, known by its initials as CITES, ended Friday in Panama. In a record for the conference, delegates enacted protections for over 500 species. The United Nations wildlife conference also rejected a proposal to reopen the ivory trade. An ivory ban was enacted in 1989.

    “The Parties to CITES are fully aware of their responsibility to address the biodiversity loss crisis by taking action to ensure that the international trade in wildlife is sustainable, legal and traceable,” Secretary-General Ivonne Higuero said in a statement.

    “Trade underpins human well-being, but we need to mend our relationship with nature,” she said. “The decisions coming from this meeting will serve the interests of conservation and wildlife trade, that doesn’t threaten the existence of species of plants and animals in the wild, for future generations.”

    The international wildlife trade treaty, which was adopted 49 years ago in Washington, D.C., has been praised for helping stem the illegal and unsustainable trade in ivory and rhino horns as well as in whales and sea turtles.

    But it has come under fire for its limitations, including its reliance on cash-strapped developing countries to combat illegal trade that’s become a lucrative $10 billion-a-year business.

    One of the biggest achievement this year was increasing or providing protection for more than 90 shark species, including 54 species of requiem sharks, the bonnethead shark, three species of hammerhead shark and 37 species of guitarfish. Many had never before had trade protection and now, under Appendix II, the commercial trade will be regulated.

    Global shark populations are declining, with annual deaths due to fisheries reaching about 100 million. The sharks are sought mostly for their fins, which are used in shark fin soup, a popular delicacy in China and elsewhere in Asia.

    “These species are threatened by the unsustainable and unregulated fisheries that supply the international trade in their meat and fins, which has driven extensive population declines,” Rebecca Regnery, senior director for wildlife at Humane Society International, said in a statement. “With Appendix II listing, CITES Parties can allow trade only if it is not detrimental to the survival of the species in the wild, giving these species help they need to recover from over-exploitation.”

    The conference also enacted protections for dozens of species of turtle, lizard and 160 amphibian species including glass frogs whose translucent skin made them a favorite in the pet trade. Several species of song birds also got trade protection as well as 150 tree species.

    “Already under immense ecological pressure resulting from habitat loss, climate change and disease, the unmanaged and growing trade in glass frogs is exacerbating the already existing threats to the species,” Danielle Kessler, the U.S. country director for the International Fund for Animal Welfare, said in a statement. “This trade must be regulated and limited to sustainable levels to avoid compounding the multiple threats they already face.”

    But some of the more controversial proposals weren’t approved.

    Some African countries and conservation groups had hoped to ban the trade in hippos. But it was opposed by the European Union, some African countries and several conservation groups, who argue many countries have healthy hippo populations and that trade isn’t a factor in their decline.

    “Globally cherished mammals such as rhinos, hippos, elephants and leopards didn’t receive increased protections at this meeting while a bunch of wonderful weirdos won conservation victories,” Tanya Sanerib, international legal director at the Center for Biological Diversity, said in a statement. “In the midst of a heart-wrenching extinction crisis, we need global agreement to fight for all species, even when it’s contentious.”

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