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  • ‘Bleak’, ‘Gutting’, ‘Disastrous’: What was your Premier League club’s worst transfer window and why?

    ‘Bleak’, ‘Gutting’, ‘Disastrous’: What was your Premier League club’s worst transfer window and why?

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    When transfer windows go right, they can set a manager and a team up for a successful season or kick off a new era.

    When they go wrong, however, they can go very wrong.

    From the early departures of managers after a disappointing summer to relegations or even financial turmoil, a disappointing transfer window can prove disastrous for clubs.

    Having already brought you our selection of the best transfer windows for each club last week, now it’s time to look at those that didn’t quite work out so well.


    Get the latest transfer news on The Athletic¬


    Worst window: Summer 2015

    If there was a window to sum up the frustrations with Arsenal’s passivity in the market it was summer 2015, when their only signing was a 33-year-old goalkeeper.

    Though that goalkeeper was Petr Cech — who later kept 16 clean sheets to win the Golden Glove — the 2015-16 campaign was one of opportunity. Arsenal’s traditional rivals faltered and they finished second, 10 points behind Leicester City and there has always been a thought of ‘what if’ had they invested in even one outfield player that summer.

    A close runner-up is the summer window of 2011. Cesc Fabregas, Samir Nasri and Gael Clichy — all entering their mid-20s — left despite being vital parts of Arsene Wenger’s side. Arsenal then signed Gervinho and Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, and although their deadline-day dash brought Mikel Arteta and Per Mertesacker, it was a scattergun end to a gutting summer.

    Art de Roché


    Should Arsenal have gone stronger in summer 2015? (Ian Kington/AFP via Getty Images)

    Worst window: Summer 2015

    The summer of 2015 was when everything went wrong. The season started — and basically ended — in Bournemouth on the opening day, where new signing Rudy Gestede scored the only goal to give Villa three points and the only sense of optimism in an altogether horrendous campaign, finishing rank bottom with 17 points.

    That opening-day win served as a false dawn, with Micah Richards captain and one of 12 new signings that joined. Gestede came and went, the three Jordans — Ayew, Veretout and Amavi — became annoyingly good once they left Villa, as did a young Adama Traore.

    Scott Sinclair was already on the slide and Joleon Lescott’s time at Villa would be known for his apparent accidental tweeting of a new car immediately after relegation was sealed. Idrissa Gueye was the only solid buy. A bleak summer.

    Jacob Tanswell


    Worst window: Summer 2022

    Bournemouth’s hit rate since their first promotion to the Premier League in 2015 has been good, based on recruiting unearthed gems and, recently, young talent from abroad.

    Still, Scott Parker’s brief top-flight stay in 2022 was littered with in-fighting and squabbles over recruitment, exacerbated by the ownership flux, with incoming owner Bill Foley waiting to be rubber-stamped.

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    It meant Parker had what he viewed as little support in the market, claiming his side were “under-equipped”. Goalkeeper Neto and midfielder Joe Rothwell signed for free, while resources stretched to sign Marcus Tavernier and Marcos Senesi — two good players who are flourishing under Andoni Iraola, but not who Parker wanted.

    Jacob Tanswell


    Worst window: Summer 2022

    Fans thought the 2020 window had been a disaster after Brentford lost the Championship play-off final to their west London rivals Fulham and then sold Ollie Watkins and Said Benrahma. But Ivan Toney and Vitaly Janelt arrived and Brentford finished the season by winning the play-offs so it looks far better in hindsight.

    The reverse logic could be applied to 2022. Keane Lewis-Potter, Aaron Hickey and Mikkel Damsgaard were signed for around £45million ($58.1m at today’s conversion rates) combined but injuries and dips in form mean they have not shown their best. Thomas Strakosha arrived as competition for David Raya but left after two years having made more appearances for Albania (12) than Brentford during that time (six). Ben Mee joined for free but Christian Eriksen turned down a contract to join Manchester United.

    It may be too soon to definitively call this their worst window in history but it certainly stands out as being below par by Brentford’s lofty standards over the last decade.

    Jay Harris


    Worst window: January 2018

    Brighton’s business has not always been as good as it has been in the majority of recent windows.

    The outcomes were sketchy when they were still finding their feet as a Premier League club after promotion in 2017.

    In January 2018, they splashed out around £14million on Jurgen Locadia, a club-record outlay at that time. The forward proved a big disappointment, playing only 46 games and scoring six goals. Brighton make big annual profits now, but they were still incurring substantial losses back then, so it was a costly mistake.


    Jurgen Locadia was a club-record signing at the time (Steve Bardens/Getty Images)

    The same was true of Alireza Jahanbakhsh in the summer of 2018 for £17million from AZ Alkmaar, but fans still fondly recall the Iran winger’s overhead kick against Chelsea. Also, his arrival was accompanied by Yves Bissouma and Jason Steele.

    Andy Naylor


    Chelsea

    Worst window: Summer 2017

    The disastrous summer of 2017 still sparks shudders in Chelsea supporters.

    Fresh from winning the Premier League title, Antonio Conte felt he had earned a big voice in Chelsea’s recruitment. He submitted a list of high-profile targets that included Romelu Lukaku, Virgil van Dijk, Alex Sandro, Radja Nainggolan and Kyle Walker.

    Chelsea tried to bring Lukaku back from Everton but were outflanked by Jose Mourinho and Manchester United, before pivoting to Alvaro Morata of Real Madrid. Conte also had to settle for Davide Zappacosta (Torino), Tiemoue Bakayoko (Monaco) and Danny Drinkwater (Leicester City), with the latter pair becoming liabilities long before they were released as free agents.


    Danny Drinkwater was among Chelsea’s 2017 signings (Ben Stansall/AFP via Getty Images)

    The sale of Nemanja Matic to United for £40million aged well but deprived Conte of vital midfield experience. The club also took a loss on sending Juan Cuadrado back to Serie A and sold Nathan Ake to Bournemouth for £20million — much less than his peak transfer value.

    Liam Twomey


    Worst window: Summer 2017

    A memorable window for all the wrong reasons with Palace’s new manager Frank de Boer sacked 10 days after it closed, just four games into the Premier League season — all of which his team lost, all without scoring.

    Mamadou Sakho joined from Liverpool for £26million after an excellent loan spell in the second half of 2016-17 but was unable to reach those same levels again. Jairo Riedewald arrived from Ajax for £8m, and although he proved to be an excellent mentor for the club’s younger players, his contribution on the pitch was limited. He did, however, spend seven seasons at Palace covering various positions and made 106 appearances in all competitions.

    Midfielder Ruben Loftus-Cheek impressed to such an extent on a season’s loan from Chelsea that he made the England squad for the following summer’s World Cup, but Timothy Fosu-Mensah struggled at right-back after being loaned from Manchester United.

    The squad had been insufficiently strengthened in this window but De Boer’s replacement Roy Hodgson was still able to guide them to an 11th-place finish.

    Matt Woosnam


    Everton

    Worst window: Summer 2017

    There is an obvious answer here for anyone who follows Everton; one that shines a light on the glaring dysfunction of the Farhad Moshiri years.

    Let’s go back to the summer of 2017 and the arrival of not one, not two… not even three… but four No 10s in the form of Wayne Rooney, Gylfi Sigurdsson, Davy Klaassen and Nikola Vlasic.

    Mad, right? Well, that’s what happens when so many different people are feeding into the recruitment process — owners, board members, managers and other staff — and each one gets a pick. The bizarre splurge left Ronald Koeman’s side lacking balance — particularly out wide — and also led to financial problems later on.

    A case study on how not to do your recruitment.

    Patrick Boyland


    Davy Klaassen failed to impress (Alex Livesey/Getty Images)

    Fulham

    Worst window: Summer 2012

    There have been some bad windows at Craven Cottage in recent years.

    The summer of 2015 did bring Tim ReamTom Cairney and Ryan Fredericks, but it also brought nine other new players, the most notable of which was Jamie O’Hara. January 2014, meanwhile, saw a record fee spent on a striker, Kostas Mitroglou, who would play only 151 minutes (three appearances, zero goals) in the club’s unsuccessful fight against relegation.

    But the winner here is the one at the start of the 2012-13 season.

    It set in motion a tricky decade, as Fulham sold Clint Dempsey and Mousa Dembele, their crown jewels at that time, to Tottenham Hotspur and their only signing that paid off was Dimitar Berbatov. The Bulgarian striker was a popular addition, but on his own couldn’t stem the tide.

    This window marked the start of a downward spiral which would end in relegation the following season, and then four years in the Championship.

    Peter Rutzler


    Worst window: Summer 2020

    Both of Ipswich’s summer windows pre-relegation featured costly mistakes: in 2001, destabilising a unified squad, and in 2018, replacing Championship players on the cheap with those of predominantly League One quality.

    But for the sheer volume of underwhelming signings, the 2020 summer transfer window takes it.

    After ending the previous season 11th in League One — the club’s lowest finish since 1953 — just three permanent signings were made. David Cornell, Oliver Hawkins and Stephen Ward on free transfers in a feeble attempt to escape the third tier.

    Only Ward became a regular and striker Hawkins managed just a single goal. All three left the club after one season.

    Ali Rampling


    Leicester City

    Worst window: Summer 2021

    After just missing out on Champions League qualification in the previous two seasons, Leicester were looking to push to the next level as 2021-22 approached.

    The business they did that summer may not have set the wheels in motion for a decline which brought relegation less than two years later, but it certainly was a factor. A total of £55million went on Patson Daka, Jannik Vestergaard and Boubakary Soumare, while Ryan Bertrand joined on a free.

    Besides a few promising moments, striker Daka has not had the impact expected, and midfielder Soumare has also been a disappointment. Denmark international centre-back Vestergaard looked at first to be a disaster of a signing until his performances in the Championship last season earned him a new contract. Champions League winner and former England international Bertrand’s spell at Leicester was a mishap, due mostly to injuries, and he retired this summer aged 34.

    The reality for clubs of Leicester’s stature is they must be prudent in recruitment and reinvest after selling a major asset. They cannot afford to get it wrong.

    In summer 2021, when they didn’t sell a major asset, that’s exactly what happened.

    Rob Tanner


    Worst window: Summer 2010

    Rewind 14 years to the 2010-11 pre-season, and Liverpool were in a mess. Rafael Benitez’s reign had just ended, debts were piling up under the hated ownership of Tom Hicks and George Gillett, and fan protests were gathering pace.

    Liverpool appointed Roy Hodgson as manager at the start of July and, with money tight, what followed proved to be a dreadful transfer window.

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    The hype that surrounded signing Joe Cole on a free transfer from Chelsea proved misplaced, as the England midfielder flopped badly. Milan Jovanovic was another free-agent arrival that summer who ended up costing Liverpool a fortune in wages.

    The names Christian Poulsen (£4.5million from Juventus) and Paul Konchesky (a reported £3.5m from Fulham) still send a shiver down a Kopite’s spine as they struggled badly and looked completely out of their depth.

    Raul Meireles (£11.5million from Porto) was the only one of the new arrivals to give the club any kind of return on their investment.

    It was all too much for star midfielder Javier Mascherano as he pushed through a move to Barcelona before the deadline. You could hardly blame him.

    James Pearce


    Paul Konchesky was one of Liverpool’s stranger signings (Alex Livesey/Getty Images)

    Worst window: Summer 2012

    City famously built on their 2011-12 Premier League title by bringing in Javi Garcia, Jack RodwellMatija Nastasic, Scott Sinclair and Maicon.

    In fairness to them, this was the same summer they also tried to sign both Robin van Persie from Arsenal, losing out to Manchester United, and Eden Hazard of Lille, who chose new European champions Chelsea instead.

    City were clearly trying to put the hammer down and cement their place at the top of English football (not to mention the fact that a few months later they were pushing hard to bring in Pep Guardiola from Barcelona as manager, not long after Roberto Mancini’s finest hour).

    They obviously felt the signings they did make in that window, including two young English players seen as having bags of potential, would be able to take the club forward, but none of the moves worked out and summer 2012 has gone down in history as a missed opportunity.

    Sam Lee


    Jack Rodwell’s move to City did not work out (Paul Thomas/Getty Images)

    Manchester United

    Worst window: Summer 2013

    It’s the obvious answer. Sir Alex Ferguson and David Gill, the chief executive, had both departed at the end of the 2012-13 title-winning season. David Moyes had arrived from Everton as the new manager. Thiago Alcantara, Leighton Baines and Ander Herrera (who they did sign a year later) were pursued but eventually fumbled before Marouane Fellaini arrived on deadline day… for £4million more than the £23m release clause which ran out a month earlier.

    A special mention to the summer(ish) window of 2020-21.

    Disrupted by Covid-19 and a mere 35-day gap between completing one season and beginning another, United pushed and pushed and pushed for Borussia Dortmund’s Jadon Sancho, but to no avail. Instead, Edinson CavaniDonny van de Beek, Alex Telles and Facundo Pellistri arrived in an assorted grab-bag.

    Ole Gunnar Solskjaer did well in the season that followed, with United runners-up in the Premier League and Europa League, League Cup semi-finalists and reaching the last eight of the FA Cup, but the club missed a crucial opportunity to back their manager while rivals were in a mild state of flux.

    Carl Anka


    Worst window: Summer 1997

    John Barnes. Stuart Pearce. Ian Rush. How is that a bad window? Because this was 1997, not 1990. Barnes was 33, Pearce was 35 and Rush was 35.

    Far worse windows (summer and winter windows were introduced in 2002) were to come in terms of talent, but this was the tipping point for the next two decades: the Kevin Keegan bubble had burst, replaced by Kenny Dalglish’s stultifying pragmatism. Jon Dahl Tomasson and Shay Given also arrived, but out went David Ginola and Les Ferdinand, and Alan Shearer had a long-term injury.

    The boom was over, contraction taking hold, a club being deflated like a soiled airbed after a festival.


    John Barnes joined Newcastle at the wrong end of the 1990s (Clive Brunskill /Allsport via Getty Images)

    Pearce was fine, and Barnes played in all but one of Newcastle’s Champions League matches, including the 3-2 win against Barcelona. Barnes was also Newcastle’s top scorer in the league, but with just six goals — the Entertainers had been thoroughly dismantled.

    The Champions League run ended at the group stage and Newcastle finished 13th in the Premier League. Joylessness loomed. The sad cherry on top? Signing Paul Dalglish. Nice work if you can get it, which you can if your dad’s the manager.

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    Worst window: January 2020

    Before Cooper, there was Sabri Lamouchi. The old line about being able to cope with the despair but it’s the hope you can’t stand, was perfectly encapsulated for Forest fans by the 2019-20 season.

    Under Lamouchi, Forest enjoyed a brilliant first half of that season. There were a few dips here and there but, by the end of January, they were not just ensconced in the unfamiliar surrounds of the play-off places, but knocking on the door of the automatics too. The first XI was good, but the thing that might have pushed them over the line was a few quality additions that January.

    It would be unfair to blame the players who did arrive for the eventual collapse that would see them miss out on the play-offs in that Covid-interrupted season. But it did feel fitting that one of them, the striker Nuno da Costa, scored an own goal in the 4-1 home defeat to Stoke on the final day, which drove a stake through the already pretty dead heart of Forest’s promotion hopes.

    Nick Miller


    Worst window: January 2018

    Six words from January 2018 that are enough to bring back nightmares: Southampton sign Guido Carrillo for £19million.

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    A few years on from the dreamy days of beating Inter Milan in the Europa League and Southampton’s infamous black box seemed to be faltering. Locked in a relegation battle under Mauricio Pellegrino — remember him? (Sorry for the reminder, these were desperate times.)

    Needless to say, striker Carrillo, the only arrival in that window despite the sale of Virgil van Dijk, was not the answer. He scored zero goals at a cost of £1.9million per appearance.

    Nancy Froston


    Tottenham

    Worst window: Summer 2013

    Supporters had to deal with the pain of waving goodbye to Gareth Bale in 2013 and, to make matters worse, Tottenham wasted the £85million they received from Real Madrid. Roberto Soldado scored 24 times for Valencia in La Liga during the 2012-13 season, which is more than he managed (16) across 76 appearances for Spurs in all competitions.

    Erik Lamela is a cult hero but never truly fulfilled his potential following a £30million move from Roma. Paulinho lasted two years before he moved to China after barely making an impact. Nacer Chadli was a useful option from the bench but Etienne Capoue and Vlad Chiriches struggled.

    Apart from Lamela, the only other signing who qualified as a success was Christian Eriksen. He spent seven distinguished years with Spurs and was part of the team that came close to winning the Champions League in 2019.

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    Jay Harris


    Worst window: Summer 2022

    In the summer of 2022, West Ham spent £165million on Gianluca Scamacca, Lucas Paqueta, Emerson Palmieri, Thilo Kehrer, Maxwel Cornet, Flynn Downes, Alphonse Areola and Nayef Aguerd — the most they had spent in a window.

    But integrating eight players into the team proved difficult for manager David Moyes, which led to West Ham losing five of their first seven league games.

    Scamacca and Kehrer have since joined Atalanta and Monaco respectively, Cornet has been an underwhelming signing, while West Ham are open to offers for Aguerd and Downes could rejoin Southampton having returned from his season-long loan. Only Paqueta, Palmieri and Areola have improved the side.

    Roshane Thomas


    Worst window: Summer 2011

    It may seem difficult to beat the summer of 2022, when Wolves spent a combined £80million on Matheus Nunes, Goncalo Guedes and Nathan Collins. But at least that side avoided relegation.

    Eleven years earlier came a window just as poor but with worse consequences as Wolves broke up the limited but spirited squad Mick McCarthy had built and signed the higher-profile duo of Roger Johnson and Jamie O’Hara.

    It was supposed to take the club to the next level — but the next level was down. Two relegations in two seasons were the result of disturbing the dressing-room dynamic.

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    Steve Madeley

    (Top photos: Getty Images)

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    The New York Times

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  • BetMGM Extends Newcastle United Partnership Deal

    BetMGM Extends Newcastle United Partnership Deal

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    Newcastle United, a professional soccer club in Newcastle, has extended its partnership with LeoVegas Group and its BetMGM betting brand. Originally formed last year, the deal will build on the successful relationship between the popular Premier League team and the leading betting operator.

    Cementing BetMGM as Newcastle United’s official betting partner, the extended deal will deepen the two parties relationship and introduce new fan-oriented initiatives.

    As before, the club will continue to promote its partner’s brand, allowing it to reach millions of soccer fans all over the world. As per the original deal, the gambling company’s brand will feature across St. James’ Park’s LED boards, screens and advertising spaces.

    Additionally, BetMGM has secured the rights to create exclusive content featuring the Magpies and their beloved players. Such activations will allow BetMGM to tap into the club’s fanbase while engaging Newcastle United aficionados with memorable content and experiences.

    BetMGM UK has firmly cemented itself as one of Britain’s leading wagering companies. In addition to other perks, the company offers some of the largest jackpots in the UK gambling sector, with one of the biggest ones currently totaling £15.4 million.

    The Deal Will Drive Brand Awareness and Fan Engagement

    Newcastle United’s chief commercial officer, Peter Silverstone, was excited about the opportunity to deepen the club’s relationship with BetMGM. In an official statement, he said that the two parties have already enjoyed an exceptional first year together and are looking forward to continuing the partnership.

    Silverstone noted that the Magpies have helped BetMGM to “drive brand awareness and engagement in key markets,” while underpinning its ambition to provide exceptional iGaming experiences.

    This new agreement is testament to how effective the club’s profile and support have been to BetMGM, and we are delighted to enhance our support of one another on the next step of our exciting journeys.

    Peter Silverstone, CCO, Newcastle United

    Sam Behar, UK director at BetMGM, was similarly pleased about the partnership, expressing his delight about the opportunity to build on this “fruitful collaboration.”

    The club is incredibly ambitious, and their drive perfectly aligns with our Group’s core values. I can’t wait to get this season started and see Newcastle United continue on their journey.

    Sam Behar, UK director, BetMGM

    Speaking of BetMGM and the Euro 2024, a British bettor was inches away from hitting a $2.5 million prize with BetMGM UK. Unfortunately, Portugal failed to score the extra goal needed to make it a winning bet.

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    Angel Hristov

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  • Premier League salary cap mailbag: Why? Who wins and loses? How would it work?

    Premier League salary cap mailbag: Why? Who wins and loses? How would it work?

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    Premier League clubs this week opted to push on with plans for a hard spending limit — a de facto salary cap tied to the income of the lowest earning side in the top flight.

    OK, we hear you say, but what on earth does it all really mean?

    Who better to answer your questions than Matt Slater, who broke the original story? If you prefer, you can listen to Matt for free on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and the usual listening places on The Athletic FC Podcast.

    Let’s dive in…


    What are the real motivations for such a rule? — Adam M 

    Do I detect a note of suspicion, Adam?

    For some, such as Crystal Palace chairman Steve Parish, who has been talking about this idea longer than most, there are sincere concerns about the competitive balance of the league.

    They worry that the revenues of the ‘Big Six’ — which already feels like a ‘Big Seven’ and might be a ‘Big Eight’ before long — are growing faster than the revenues of the Premier League’s middle and lower classes, and that is before you factor in the increased sums they will receive from playing more Champions League games and occasional appearances in the FIFA’s revamped Club World Cup. Financial fair play regimes that tie your ability to spend to your own revenues play into the big clubs’ advantage, which compounds with each passing year.

    So, “anchoring” is an attempt to slow the big clubs down. It’s a backstop to the squad cost rule that UEFA has already introduced and the Premier League is moving towards. The two are meant to be complementary, with anchoring being the backstop — a hard cap that even the richest/most successful/most ambitious club cannot go beyond.

    Follow the Champions League on The Athletic


    What is the role of the Professional Footballers’ Association (PFA)?  — Peyton B 

    Is there any chance the PFA will agree to a hard spending limit of 5x? And, if yes, what concessions would they require from the owners? — Dave D

    The PFA calls itself the players’ trade union and it is, officially, the world’s oldest players’ union. But it has spent most of its history acting more like a lobby group, with a large charitable arm and growing education and healthcare sections. Unlike the North American players’ unions, it has not engaged in big disputes about profit-sharing with the clubs, the players’ employers, and it has not signed formal collective bargaining agreements with them.

    Instead, there is almost a gentleman’s agreement between the leagues, on behalf of the clubs, and the PFA that the former will fund the union’s work in looking after former professionals who need new hips, providing counselling for those who need it, funding grants for second careers and backing research into conditions such as dementia.

    The PFA, unsurprisingly, hates the idea of salary caps. Would you like it if a third party said your employer was not allowed to pay you over a certain level, even if that employer wanted to and could afford it?


    Erling Haaland with the 2022-23 PFA Player of the Year award (PFA)

    This is why European football’s governing body UEFA and everyone else have always had to step carefully when introducing cost controls. To avoid breaking European Union and national laws on restraint of trade, governing bodies have neeed to prove that what they are doing is justified by a legitimate aim — the sustainability of a culturally significant industry — and the proposed measure is fair, proportionate and transparent. In other words, they cannot push it too far.

    So, rules that tie a club’s ability to spend to its ability to earn have, until now, been OK with lawmakers, as there is a clear link to sustainability. But linking a club’s ability to spend to someone else’s earnings? Hmmm. Debatable.

    And it is almost certainly a debate the PFA will enter. As things stand, it is aware of the Premier League’s anchoring proposal and some preliminary conversations have taken place, but it is adamant that a proper consultation on the matter, at the relevant body, has not started.

    The body in question is the ‘Professional Football Negotiating and Consultative Committee’, which is comprised of members from the PFA, the English Football League, the English Football Association and the Premier League. It is where all matters relating to employment in the game are discussed. If its members cannot agree, the dispute goes to independent arbitration. And there has been a lot of that in football of late.


    Which clubs will benefit the most and the least from this? The clubs that objected to this seem very different, so it’s hard to tell — Andrew R

    Good question!

    Crystal Palace chairman Parish clearly believes it will help his team continue to compete in the Premier League. Anything, even something as loose as the proposed 5x anchoring cap, will help Palace put out a competitive team every week in the Premier League.

    And every other team in Palace’s tax bracket seems to agree. For them, letting Manchester City and the rest spend 70 per cent of their ever-growing total revenues on their squads will destroy what is left of the jeopardy when City meets a team from the league’s lower half.

    But the other big potential beneficiaries of anchoring are those clubs directly competing with Manchester City right now, and worried about the rising threat of Newcastle United. They want to tie their rivals to a more transparent cost-control mechanism. So, this would explain the support from Arsenal, Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur.

    Manchester United would ordinarily be in that gang but their new increasingly de-facto owner INEOS is concerned about anchoring slowing down its ability to perform the radical surgery United’s squad requires. So, their opposition is more tactical than strategic.

    Manchester United


    Sir Jim Ratcliffe, part-owner of Manchester United (right), with Sir Dave Brailsford (Robin Jones/Getty Images)

    Aston Villa’s opposition to the idea is interesting as it reveals just how ambitious their billionaire owners Wes Edens and Nassef Sawiris are for the club. In the past, Villa would have been in favour of something that constrains the league’s elite. Now, they see themselves as potential aristocrats.

    And Chelsea, well, they abstained probably because they realised a vote against the idea was not going to stop it from proceeding to the next stage in the consultation and legal process, so there was no point voting against it. But, equally, they could hardly back a rule that they are probably the only club to be in immediate danger of breaching. So, they did neither and abstained.


    Will the players not just go to a league without a cap? — Darragh N

    All of them, Darragh? And where? Which league pays average salaries anywhere near as high as the Premier League?

    I understand the concern, and it will be voiced as a reason not to do this by those who hate the idea. I just do not think it is very likely.

    According to the most recent data from UEFA, 10 of the top 20 wage bills in European football are in the Premier League. No other league has more than three representatives.

    The two biggest wage bills in Europe, and therefore global football, are at Barcelona and Paris Saint-Germain, but they can only field 11 players at a time, and both are trying to trim their wage bills, with Barca badly needing to stop their slide towards bankruptcy and PSG moving towards a more sustainable model.

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    GO DEEPER

    Who is the best-paid player at every Premier League club?

    Nothing lasts forever, of course, but there is no evidence of any short- or medium-term threat to the Premier League’s status as the richest domestic league in global football.

    Could the Saudi Pro League be the threat? It might, one day, but I would argue there is just as much chance of the SPL going the same way as the Chinese Super League in a decade as there is of it becoming a genuine challenger to the Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga and other major leagues.

    If I were in charge of the Premier League, I would be more worried about Major League Soccer but, as we know, North American sports owners love cost controls, so I cannot imagine them getting into an arms race for players with the Premier League, particularly as half of those owners are likely to own Premier League teams, too.

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    It’s a controversial topic, but does taking a Premier League game to the U.S. make sense?


    How punitive are these rules on the richer clubs? A circa £500m limit on spending is hardly forcing teams to scratch around the bargain bin — Tom N

    I think you have answered your own question, Tom. And the answer is… not very! Not yet, anyway.

    We have estimated each club’s squad cost calculation for the 2022-23 season. The numbers that go into that calculation are the wages for your first-team squad players and coaching staff, your annual amortisation bill (the cost of your transfers spread across the length of their contracts) and any agents’ payments you make.

    Premier League

    Now, some of those numbers are publicly available but we have had to make educated guesses on the biggest one, the wage bill, as clubs only publish their total wage bills — for all their staff — and not what they pay their players. However, most clubs spend about 70 per cent of their total wage bill on their players, so that is the amount that we have used.

    The result is that only Chelsea spent more than five times what the Premier League’s bottom club, Southampton, received from the league in central payments. The Saints’ share of the league’s broadcast and sponsorship cash was £103.6million, which would have set a 5x cap at £518million. Chelsea’s estimated squad cost that season was £539million.

    So, no, you’re right, if the only club to possibly breach the proposed anchor was Chelsea, after their wild shopping spree, this would not appear to be particularly restrictive.


    Curious how it will work, timing-wise. Will they confirm the amounts available to spend the next season, once the season is over? — Courtney A

    You are not the only one to be curious about the details of this, Courtney, and you ask a good question.

    Whether the Premier League bases the cap on the multiple of the previous season’s bottom club’s central income or an estimate of the new season’s bottom club’s number is not clear yet. But I do not see how they can set the cap retrospectively. Clubs must know where they stand, so the cap will have to be set in advance.

    I wonder if the cap should be linked to rolling three-year domestic TV rights deals.

    The actual calculation is not that difficult, as most of the numbers are easy to predict. Every club receives a basic award of about £90million, with each place in the table worth a £3.1million merit payment, so the bottom club gets 1 x £3.1million and the top club 20 x £3.1m.

    The only real variable is the facility fee, as that is the payment clubs receive each time they appear on live television in the UK, and it is not often the case that the team that finishes 20th is the least-picked team.

    The facility fee is just over £1million a game and every team is guaranteed a minimum number of televised games. The range for facility fees in 2022-23 was £25.3million (Manchester City) to Bournemouth (£10.2m).

    So, there is some variability in the exact amount your bottom club will earn but not much. The facility fees make up 25 per cent of amount clubs make from the domestic deal, which is about half of the total income. As previously mentioned, Southampton received £103.6million last season and that seems like a good benchmark for a bottom-placed team in the current broadcast rights cycle.


    How will this new rule tie in with UEFA’s rules? Could you have a situation where a team spends more than £500million and wins the Premier League fairly but is not allowed to play in Europe? — Ben H

    This proposal will work in tandem with UEFA’s squad cost rules and the Premier League’s version of the same concept. Think of anchoring as a backstop or a relatively distant line in the sand that nobody can cross.

    Your second question is an intriguing hypothetical but does not seem very likely to me.

    Even if we ignore the numbers and just pretend that there is a way for a club to emerge from the pack and win the league, while breaching UEFA’s 70 per cent threshold, do not forget that winning the league will bring a big TV merit payment, increased commercial income and the promise of at least £45million of Champions League prize money.

    So, they might bust the 70 per cent limit in the year they win the Premier League, but they are unlikely to do so the following season. We have a very recent example of such a club: Leicester City. They made a record profit the year after they won the Premier League.

    Finally, even if your champion still, somehow, manages to breach UEFA’s threshold, the European governing body does not like banning champions from its competitions. It has a long track record of dishing out fines, which they collect by withholding some of the prize money, and squad restrictions.

    This approach is actually baked into the new squad cost rules, as UEFA has published a penalty schedule that links the size of the fine to the scale of the breach.

     (Top photo: Michael Regan/Getty Images)

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  • The football stadiums that never were

    The football stadiums that never were

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    Peter Storrie can remember visiting the London studio of Herzog & de Meuron, the renowned Swiss architects, and being shown a striking vision of Portsmouth’s future.

    “It was something else,” he tells The Athletic. “They put it up on the screen for us and it certainly had the wow factor.”

    This was 2007 and the ambitious plans were for a new 36,000-capacity stadium on the city’s docks. Storrie, then chief executive, had accepted that Portsmouth would need to leave Fratton Park, the club’s home since 1899, and a proposed relocation could hardly have been more impressive.

    Located in between the Spinnaker Tower and the historic naval base, a £600million waterfront project that would include apartments and restaurants promised a transformational impact.

    “This will be the most spectacular stadium, set against the backdrop of the harbour and the English Channel befitting the club’s history,“ said Storrie back in 2007, when Portsmouth were a top-half Premier League club.

    They would win the FA Cup a year later when beating Cardiff City, too, but by that time plans for a new stadium had been all but scrapped. Opposition had come from local councillors and the British Royal Navy, who had “operational and security concerns” after choosing to base two super aircraft carriers nearby.

    Portsmouth pivoted from the dockyards to another waterfront site nearby at Horsea Island, again designed by Herzog & de Meuron with little expense spared. Again it collapsed, this time against the backdrop of the global financial crisis of 2008. As such, Fratton Park, boisterous but limited, remains the club’s home.


    Portsmouth’s plans at Horsea Island (Herzog & de Meuron)

    “The stadium on the docks was a fantastic design, really stunning,” Storrie says. “It would’ve been perfect. It was there on the waterfront. It would’ve been an iconic venue. One of the great stadiums if it had been built.

    “Would it ever have got through planning? Probably not — but who knows? It was one of the great designs that never happened.”

    And it is a crowded field. For every impressive stadium built by English clubs in the last 30 years, there has been another that failed to get beyond the architects’ drawings or the fantasies of an owner.

    Like Chelsea’s vision for Battersea Power Station and the Gothic re-imagining of Stamford Bridge. Or Liverpool’s proposed move to a futuristic new home in Stanley Park. Everton lived out three different projects at Kings Dock, Kirkby and Walton Hall Park before finally planting a spade in the ground at Bramley-Moore Dock, site of their long-awaited new home from the 2025-26 season.

    Tottenham Hotspur had their own plans to knock down and rebuild the Olympic Stadium before West Ham United became tenants in 2016, while once upon a time Birmingham City had plans for a 55,000-seater stadium that would form part of the Birmingham Sports Village. Karren Brady, Birmingham’s managing director back in 2006, called it “a once-in-a-lifetime regeneration project.” Or, as it turned out, not-in-this-lifetime.

    That is typical of the well-versed big sell, especially when supporters are being asked to leave a historic home. Project what the future might look like in all its animated glory and hope it marks the first step on the journey.

    Actions do not always accompany the words. Whether through funding problems or supporter opposition, sometimes both, English football has a long list of projects that have gone to the great drawing board in the sky.


    Leeds United were riding the crest of a wave back in the spring of 2001. A run to the Champions League semi-finals, where they were beaten 3-0 by Valencia, had emboldened the belief that Leeds could establish themselves among English football’s elite and part of the grand plan was a move away from Elland Road.

    A wasteland site was picked near junction 45 of the A1(M) at Skelton and a new £40million, 50,000-capacity ground was proposed. Elland Road, meanwhile, would be sold to the local council for an estimated £20million to help fund it.

    Peter Ridsdale, Leeds’ chairman, had a blunt message as they attempted to keep pace with those at the top of the Premier League. “Doing nothing is not an option,” he warned in a letter to fans.

    All supporters were asked if they would back a renovation of Elland Road or a move to a new stadium during a consultation process. “On the one hand there is the history and the memories that we all share, and on the other hand is the need to ensure that we offer future generations a world-class team and a world-class stadium,” said Ridsdale.

    Three months later it was announced that 87.6 per cent of the votes cast had been in favour of leaving Elland Road. “An overwhelming endorsement,” concluded Ridsdale, who outlined plans to find sponsorship for the club’s new home.


    Elland Road has been largely untouched for years (Serena Taylor/Newcastle United via Getty Images)

    The push to move was not as universally popular as Ridsdale had claimed after less than half of ballot papers were returned but those in opposition, the traditionalists keen to stay at Elland Road, need not have worried.

    Leeds’ outlay of £77million on players inside the previous three lavish years caught up with them and within three years of Ridsdale championing a move, it was a Championship club once more. Skelton was quietly brushed under the carpet and two decades later, with no meaningful restoration work completed, Elland Road and its limitations remain a headache for others to inherit.

    Funding — or a lack of it — typically becomes the insurmountable obstacle in these grand stadium designs.

    Constructing a new home from scratch or rebuilding an existing ground is the biggest possible expenditure any club can face and, as such, is reliant on huge borrowings. The biggest and best are now £1billion projects.

    Liverpool did not have to find that much back in 2007 but even the touted £400million needed to build a 60,000-seater stadium in Stanley Park proved beyond former owners Tom Hicks and George Gillett.

    Leaving Anfield behind had been a key thread to the promises of the U.S. businessmen, with Gillett pledging at his opening press conference that “the shovel needs to be in the ground in the next 60 days.”

    The previous five years, before the arrival of Hicks and Gillett, had seen a range of plans put forward, with outline planning permission approved for a Stanley Park stadium as far back as 2003.

    Original plans were redesigned by Hicks and Gillett and revised again after a target to begin work in the summer of 2007 was missed, before any tangible hope of a new stadium began to recede in 2008.

    Like Portsmouth, the credit crunch and owners with limited resources brought the project to a standstill.

    “Our commitment to building a new world-class Liverpool Football Club stadium is undiminished,” said Liverpool in a statement. “Like many other major development projects in the UK and overseas we are affected by global market conditions. We will use this period productively and revisit the plans for the stadium to increase its capacity to 73,000 seats.”

    The vision failed to materialise, though. Year after year there was no meaningful progress until Hicks and Gillett were replaced by Fenway Sports Group, who confirmed their intention to instead redevelop Anfield in 2012.

    “It could have been brilliant but we have probably set ourselves back several years,” former chief executive Ian Ayre said in 2011. Liverpool will finally get the 60,000-capacity stadium they have spent 20 years waiting for when the new Anfield Road Stand is fully opened by the end of January.

    Those years of uncertainty at the start of this century would regularly see a contentious plan proposed. With Everton accepting the need to leave Goodison Park for two decades or more, a ground share between the two Merseyside clubs was touted on more than one occasion.

    As much as £30million was promised from public funds in 2003 for a new super-stadium in the city. The North West Development Agency proposed that Liverpool and Everton should share in a bid to regenerate the wider Anfield area and six years later, as England gathered together its push to host the 2018 World Cup. Meetings were even held with the then sports minister Richard Caborn.


    Goodison and Anfield is separated by Stanley Park – plans to build one stadium to house them both did not go down well (Simon Stacpoole/Offside/Offside via Getty Images)

    The plans, though, were consistently met with opposition from the two rivals, both in the boardroom and among fan groups. Everton described it as “utter nonsense” the clubs should groundshare in 2009.

    That was because they had other ideas. Big ones. Unperturbed by the failed attempt to build a new 50,000-seater stadium on the King’s Dock, now site of the Liverpool Echo Arena, by 2007 they were pushing ahead with a move to a site in Kirkby, eight miles out of the city centre on Liverpool’s northern edge.

    It would form part of an enormous retail park headed up by Tesco and the capacity increases were forecast to generate £6million more per season. Selling the naming rights for the stadium would earn the same amount again.

    Not that it ever went to plan. An opposition group, the Keep Everton In Our City Campaign, was formed, while Liverpool City Council, who felt Everton should not leave their boundaries, were strongly against the move. Leader Warren Bradley called the proposed stadium in Kirkby “a cow shed in a small town”. They got their wish by 2009, a period of economic stress that hurt the construction industry, when the UK government blocked the proposed £400million joint development.

    Good things are coming to those who have waited, though. After all the false dawns and stadium designs that never were across 20 years, Everton will relocate to Bramley Moore-Dock in 18 months, a wonderful new stadium that will be one of 10 hosts for Euro 2028.


    If Everton will soon join Liverpool in having the bigger home they always wanted, others are not so fortunate. Chelsea supporters continue to wait on proposals that would see Stamford Bridge redeveloped or a long association with their home ground ended by a move. The capacity of 40,000 ceased to be sufficient long ago.

    History tells us that. Chelsea’s previous owner, Roman Abramovich, was eager to increase matchday revenues as far back as 2012 when the club submitted a formal offer to buy Battersea Power Station on the south bank of the Thames. The site alone was valued at £500million and given the Grade II listed status of the former electricity station, plans were unveiled that would see its four iconic chimneys incorporated into a design.


    Chelsea wanted to redevelop Battersea Power Station (Vittorio Zunino Celotto/Getty Images)

    Designs were made public after Chelsea had been outbid by Malaysian property developers SP Setia and Sime Darby Property, regarded at the time as a means of applying diplomatic pressure.

    “We firmly believe our proposals could address the unique challenges presented by the site,” said Chelsea in a statement. “The design would integrate the stadium with the power station in a sensitive, unique and powerful way, with all significant historical aspects of the Power Station to be retained.”

    Not that it made much difference. The impressive restored site is now home to apartments, shops, bars and restaurants.

    Chelsea did not stand still and, three years after their failed attempt to buy Battersea Power Station, had revealed stunning designs for a new Stamford Bridge. Like Portsmouth’s docklands plans, Herzog & de Meuron were behind the drawings that would see Chelsea rehoused in a 60,000-capacity stadium by 2020. The striking images were said to be “inspired by the design of Westminster Abbey” and quoted, at the time, as costing anywhere between £500million and £1billion. Cathedrals, as it was likened to, did not come cheap in a heavily populated area of the capital.

    There were objections but broad support for the project. Inside a year, though, Abramovich had called a halt to it all. The crux of the problem? A visa.

    chelsea planned stadium


    This was a design for Chelsea’s new home to be opened in 2023 (Herzog & de Meuron)

    Abramovich, back in the summer of 2018, encountered delays over a UK visa after seeing his previous one expire and a statement released by Chelsea said it was the “current unfavourable investment climate” that had been the trigger to postponing a Stamford Bridge redevelopment that would never be revived. The rest is an inglorious history for Abramovich, who was forced to sell Chelsea in 2021 when sanctioned by the UK government following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

    The dream of a new home has not died for Chelsea as new owner Todd Boehly prepares to share new plans in 2024 but there will be regrets that a stadium build did not come sooner. Chelsea must make do with a stadium that houses 20,000 fewer supporters than the homes of London rivals, Tottenham, Arsenal and West Ham. Matchday revenues have flatlined at Stamford Bridge and, as of last season, meant Tottenham had a £37million annual advantage through the turnstiles.

    Another club with sudden regrets are Newcastle United, who are going through their own consultation process on where to go next. St James’ Park, capped at 52,000, has been sold out every week since the takeover led by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund was completed in 2021.

    Oh for something bigger, like the plans hatched in 1997. A planning application for a £90 million, 55,000-seater stadium on Castle Leazes, half a mile from St James’ Park, was submitted. They included a retractable roof and the option for capacity to be increased to 70,000.


    A young fan checks out the new stadium plans in 1997 (Tim McGuinness/Mirrorpix/Getty Images)

    “St James’ Park simply wasn’t big enough to cope with demand and the site itself had severe limitations,” says Sir John Hall, the former owner of Newcastle. “We needed a world-class stadium to offer us the best chance of sustained success.”

    The plans, put on public display, were dubbed the “San Siro of the North” in a nod to the shared home of AC Milan and Inter Milan, and included a plan to convert St James’ Park into an indoor arena.

    Fans backed the idea but others did not. A petition included 36,000 names opposed building on the Town Moor and a public inquiry causing lengthy delays became unavoidable once English Heritage took an interest in Newcastle’s plans. By November 1997, the focus had instead been turned to extending the capacity of St James’ Park from 36,000 to its 52,000, as it is today.

    Fifteen or so miles to the south, rivals Sunderland had been through their collapsed bid by that point. They had proposed building a “Wembley of the North” close to the Nissan car manufacturing plant in 1992 and even incorporated twin towers in the designs included in a postal referendum. “That was intentional on my part; I wanted it to look like Wembley,” said former chairman Bob Murray.

    The complex was due to cost £75million and include a 40,000-capacity stadium, 12,000-seater indoor arena and retail park. Such was their confidence, Sunderland even submitted a bid for it to be one of eight venues for Euro ’96. Then bang… EU funding they had lobbied for in Brussels had been pulled.

    “Just before the Euro ’96 venues were announced, I received a phone call, out of the blue, to inform me that Nissan had suddenly turned hostile towards the new stadium,” wrote Murray in his autobiography I’d Do it All Again. “A call was made to 10 Downing Street and everything changed. Suddenly it was made abundantly clear it wasn’t going to happen.”

    Sunderland instead went with the Stadium of Light as their next home after Roker Park, moving in 1997. Others have not been so fortunate.

    Like Luton Town, who hope to be seeing out their final years at Kenilworth Road. It is almost 30 years since former owner David Kohler shared his wacky plans for a 20,000 indoor arena dubbed the Kohlerdome. Alas, he found neither the funding nor the site, which tends to be a problem.

    There are countless others, too. Bristol Rovers have spent 20 years searching for a modern new home, as have Queens Park Rangers, who have hoped to build a new stadium at nearby Wormwood Scrubs. Blackpool (Whyndyke Farm), Carlisle United (Kingmoor Park), Southend United (Fossetts Farm) and Grimsby Town (Peaks Parkway) are among the countless other clubs who have devised ambitious plans yet still have not moved.

    Just like Portsmouth. “It was very difficult to convert Fratton Park into a state-of-the-art stadium and that’s something the club needed to progress,” says Storrie, the former chief executive. “We had the fans pretty much onside but sadly it just didn’t happen.”

    It was not the first stadium project to remain an architect’s vision and will not be the last.

    Top image: Portsmouth’s plans for a new stadium on the waterfront were unveiled in 2007 (Herzog & de Meuron)

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  • Why are football stadiums so expensive to build?

    Why are football stadiums so expensive to build?

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    Manchester United and Chelsea share a problem they cannot hope to run away from. Old Trafford and Stamford Bridge might be able to narrate storied chapters of the Premier League’s history, but neither can project a compelling future.

    At least not in their current states. The famous homes of Manchester United and Chelsea have become weights that threaten to hold back their owners. They are not fit for an elite long-term purpose.

    The day the first bulldozers come rumbling over the horizon might not be imminent, but it has become inevitable. There is an acceptance of that reality, even from those with the onerous task of funding it all.

    The Premier League’s landscape will soon be modernising elsewhere, too.

    Plans are afoot for Aston Villa, Nottingham Forest, Crystal Palace and Manchester City to increase capacities with new or extended stands in the next five years, a road that Liverpool and Fulham are already walking.

    Everton are in the final 12 months of a build that will soon see them call Bramley-Moore Dock their 53,000-capacity home and upsizing is also on the mind of Luton Town and Bournemouth. Newcastle United, too, are considering all options for the future of St James’ Park.

    Stadium improvements are becoming more a necessity than a choice as clubs keep pace with the moves of competitors, but these grand plans are increasingly reliant on huge financial commitments.

    Neither Manchester United nor Chelsea can realistically hope to transform Old Trafford or Stamford Bridge and have change left from £1billion ($1.26b), a figure that is in line with what it cost Tottenham Hotspur to deliver their new home in 2019 and also what was needed to complete a rebuild of Real Madrid’s 85,000-capacity Santiago Bernabeu stadium this year.

    Everton’s stadium should come in well short of that mark, with their project forecast to cost anywhere between £550million and £760million, but that is equal to at least twice the club’s annual turnover.


    Construction work at the Santiago Bernabeu (Thomas Coex/AFP via Getty Images)

    Not an investment for the faint of heart, nor are any of those being undertaken by Premier League rivals. Fulham’s rebuilt Riverside Stand, housing 8,650 fans when eventually complete, has already cost more than £120million, while Crystal Palace’s new 13,500-capacity Main Stand has been forecast to cost £150million.

    Much has changed from the stadium construction boom around the turn of the century when teams such as Sunderland, Southampton, Leicester City and Derby County could build sizable new homes from scratch for less than £35million. Old Trafford’s North Stand, subsequently renamed after Sir Alex Ferguson, was said to have cost less than £19million when knocked up in the 1990s.

    Even Arsenal’s Emirates Stadium, completed in 2006 to great acclaim, cost roughly 40 per cent of what north London rivals Tottenham needed to fund their stadium 13 years later. Brighton & Hove Albion’s slick home, meanwhile, cost less to build in 2011 than they made when selling Moises Caicedo to Chelsea for £100million this summer.

    So why are these modern construction projects so much more expensive?

    Inflation can account for plenty, including the sharp rises in the cost of raw materials and labour, but it is a change in expectation that sees football’s newest structures demanding huge investment.

    “It’s increasingly about how much it’s going to cost and also how much revenue it can make,” says Christopher Lee, a managing director at Populous, the architecture firm with 40 years of experience in designing sports stadiums and arenas across the world, including Wembley and the Lusail Stadium, host of the 2022 World Cup final in Qatar.

    “Historically, it would have been: ‘A club has £100milion, let’s go for it’. Now it’s very much about a return on the investment. If I spend X, how can I return Y?

    “They are huge investments in time and money and there’s the idea now that it should be an amazing experience for supporters. It’s not just about ground capacity or how many bodies you can squeeze in. Now clubs are asking how they can genuinely compete with the high street.”

    The changes driving the rising costs are clear.

    “It’s the level of quality, the level of expectation,” adds Lee. “There’s inflation and, at the moment, there’s a huge peak in construction costs. But the level of aspiration and the level of finish are so different.

    “The level of expectation from a general admission concourse has changed so much. Look at a build like Bolton Wanderers (finished in 1997). It’s concrete floors, breeze block walls, roller shutters from an industrial site and a couple of beer taps. Then you look at Spurs and it’s like any bar you’d find in London.

    “A lot of it is aspiration and also what clubs can create. Spurs want it to be a seven-day-a-week stadium, multi-sport, multi-event where the investment is worth it.”

    No longer are stadiums and stands designed as basic, empty shells just for Saturday afternoons. Now a football club’s home needs to be a driving force for revenue.

    Tottenham, a club without a major trophy in 15 years, are now breathing down the necks of Manchester United as the English club with the greatest matchday turnover thanks, primarily, to the design of their 62,000-capacity stadium. As well as hosting NFL matches and major concerts by using a retractable pitch, the vast stands give fans a reason to arrive for games early and leave late.

    Money made through the turnstiles has more than doubled since Spurs left White Hart Lane in 2017, with the annual gate receipts climbing from £48million to £108million. An off-field advantage given to Liverpool, Arsenal, Manchester City and Chelsea has now been taken back.

    A new stadium, perhaps the Premier League’s best, has been as transformative for Spurs as Arsenal’s move was for them in 2006. Matchday revenue jumped from £44million in the club’s last season at Highbury to £90.6m when making a new home at the Emirates. A big outlay — reported to be just under £400million in total — but handsome dividends.

    go-deeper

    Chelsea do not hide away from the fact their turn is coming, either at a rebuilt Stamford Bridge or a site nearby. And though Old Trafford’s 74,000 capacity might still give Manchester United a head-start on rivals, the stadium’s diminishing reputation, tight seating and an infamous leaking roof ensure a rebuild must come sooner rather than later.

    Populous’ architects, who were behind both the Emirates and the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, were appointed as master planners for the redevelopment of Old Trafford alongside Legends International last year. The plans drawn up are “on hold” as billionaire businessman Sir Jim Ratcliffe finalises a deal that will see him take a 25 per cent stake in Manchester United.

    “We’ve done the work with Legends to look at all the feasibility options, multiple different versions of renovations of Old Trafford and also what a new build could potentially look like,” adds Lee. “All of it focused on how we can create an amazing fan experience. Manchester United are very focused on that.”

    As are every club at the drawing board. For all the criticisms it has drawn for its £3,000 season tickets, Fulham’s Riverside Stand will be finished off with a hotel, health club and rooftop pool included to maximise opportunities. Palace’s rebuilt Main Stand, proposed to open in time for the 2026-27 season, is also set to include a museum, as well as an additional 8,000 seats.


    Fulham’s Riverside Stand (Catherine Ivill/Getty Images)

    “You can make money on player transfers or commercial deals, but everything else is relatively fixed,” explains Lee. “The one big variable is how much you can make from your stadium. That’s what differentiates you as a business, to be able to go buy better players.

    “The figure we always quote is at the old White Hart Lane where the spend per head was about £1.75. In the new stadium, it’s about £16. So multiply that by 50,000 general admissions and they’re pulling several million a game. It makes a big difference.”


    As Manchester United, Chelsea and Newcastle United are demonstrating, these can never be considered short-term projects. Feasibility studies can take 12 months and, typically, it will take between two and three years before the design and approval process ends with a major contractor appointed. Only then can the construction begin.

    Costs from that point can be shaped by all sorts of factors, including inflation, the scope of groundwork and location. Flexibility is a must, but any club embarking on a major capital project will have loosely considered the eventual price of every seat.

    “There used to be a reasonable assessment on what you could build a stadium for,” says Nick Marshall, co-owner and director at KSS, the London-based architecture firm whose designs include Brighton’s Amex Stadium, Liverpool’s redeveloped Main Stand at Anfield and proposed expansions for Leicester City and Crystal Palace.

    “Around 10 to 15 years ago, the aspirations of the most discerning customer were slightly lower.

    “A watershed moment would probably be Arsenal’s Emirates Stadium when the expectations of the typical stadium visitor or spectator started to increase. It set a new benchmark.

    “At the time, without taking inflation into account, it would cost between £2,500 and £4,000 per seat and everybody thought that was a good benchmark.

    “That’s clearly not the case now. Anybody who’s aspiring to Tottenham levels of corporate hospitality in matchday usage and aspiring to be the best stadium in the world is looking at a cost of at least £10,000 a seat.”

    Tottenham Hotspur Stadium hospitality


    The finishes at Tottenham’s stadium are different to those seen 20 years ago (Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

    And the higher you build, the greater the cost. The roof spans on the biggest builds can stretch up to 40 metres. Severfield, the Yorkshire-based steel company, has supplied 12,200 tonnes of structural steelwork that now forms the bones of Everton’s new stadium. Trusses used in the north and south stands measure 170 meters alone.

    The cost of steel and concrete, in particular, has fluctuated dramatically in recent times. Steel is roughly 50 per cent more expensive than it was 10 years ago and another factor in the climbing costs.

    go-deeper

    “Certain materials have disproportionately risen because of availability and market pressures,” explains Marshall. “Historically, big countries were buying up steel and concrete and most of the concrete we pour has a big proportion of steel in it. So if steel goes up, the cost of concrete goes up because you’re producing reinforced slabs.

    “The things you use most in the stadium are concrete and steel — if those go up in price, the cost of a stadium is increasing.

    “Some of those costs have stabilised recently. There was limited availability of things like glass and aluminium, which are still a little bit on the expensive side. Typically, material costs have caused the price rises but that has been across the board.

    “They disproportionately affect a stadium because of the amount that some of them use. Imagine trying to buy 600 or 700 tonnes of steel for a big roof. A small increase in the cost of a tonne of steel is spread very rapidly over a very large area. They can be affected by fluctuations in the market quite dramatically.”

    A quarter of the budget will typically be spent on structural engineering work, but it is what can be found within that sets the modern stadiums apart.

    There is an expectation on the level of finish, from hospitality lounges down to concourses. The technology and mechanical and electrical (M&E) systems can account for as much as a third of building costs. Piping, wiring, lighting, ventilation… all the things that were given minimal consideration a generation ago. There are also industry-driven upgrades to toilets, kiosks, turnstile software and disabled facilities.

    “Services are quite high and there are big kitchens doing very large matchday preparation and they usually work for the week preceding the match,” adds Marshall.

    “There is demand on the stadium pre-game from all the M&E kit. That is probably slightly disproportionate to what it would be in any other type of building other than, for example, hospitals or laboratories.

    “The structures, M&E and foundations and all of the live safety systems are quite onerous in stadiums. Put all of that together and it’s about 60 to 70 per cent of it tied up in the things standing up and working before you put glazing on the front like the facade.”

    A financial director will likely be sweating by this point. And that is before consideration is given to borrowing the money to make it all possible. A newly built stand or stadium will cost one figure, but the interest paid on debts to fund it can cause the expenditure to spiral upward.

    The days when Tottenham could refinance its £637million stadium debt at 2.6 per cent are unlikely to return any time soon. Not when the Bank of England’s rate stands unmoved at 5.25 per cent, its highest mark since the 2008 financial crisis. There have certainly been better times to fund a major capital project.


    Construction cranes above Liverpool’s Anfield Road End (Clive Brunskill/Getty Images)

    The precise numbers behind these projects will never be known, but there is no denying where the most expensive stadium builds are still consistently found. Bigger has been better in the United States, with costs regularly soaring beyond the $1billion mark.

    None have been more ambitious — or expensive — than the SoFi Stadium, home of the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers NFL teams. That reportedly cost $5.5billion when completed in 2020 and, with a 70,000 capacity, hosted the Super Bowl in 2022.


    SoFi Stadium in LA (Brian Rothmuller/Icon Sportswire via Getty Images)

    Then there is the Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas, the MetLife Stadium, which houses the New York Jets and the New York Giants, and the Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta. All were enormous investments north of $1billion — but with an embedded commercial strategy.

    “The U.S. has had a huge impact,” explains Lee of Populous, which includes Yankee Stadium in New York among its portfolio of projects.

    “There’s sniffiness, but thinking about your fans as customers when you’re designing and operating a stadium is probably the biggest change.

    “We’ve been very guilty of thinking fans will be there for life coming through the turnstiles and drinking the same crap beer.

    go-deeper

    “In America, it’s a different dynamic because professional sport offers more choice. A franchise can up and move from one side of the country to another, so there’s a level of fickleness and a need to attract a customer. A stadium has to respond to that. They’ve been driven down a route of creating the best possible experience for people coming to the stadium.

    “Tottenham could never turn Arsenal fans, but their competition is now the high street. That’s what they’re up against.”

    And that ultimately leads Manchester United and Chelsea back to the projects they will eventually have to sanction before their homes become handicaps.

    go-deeper

    Stadiums remain the focal point of any club, the places that will bring thousands to its doors in all weathers. But they now need to be more, a platform for growth and expansion. Real Madrid, Barcelona, Bayern Munich and Juventus have all grasped the nettle, no matter the outlays needed.

    “It’s not just about creating some bowl that’s cladded in something shiny anymore,” says Lee. “Those mid-1990s stadiums, a lot of them could be anywhere in the world. You’d have no idea.

    “That’s an evolution of these buildings. They’ve gone from an industrial, civic approach to a cultural one.

    “They’re buildings that have genuine relevance to their communities. Stadiums are like town halls, the hearts of communities. A club wants to create amazing experiences but revenue is increasingly important in the modern game.”

    Additional reporting: Matt Woosnam

    (Top photos: Getty Images)

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  • Moment brawl erupts between Newcastle & PSG fans before Champions League clash

    Moment brawl erupts between Newcastle & PSG fans before Champions League clash

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    A HUGE brawl between Newcastle and PSG fans erupted in Paris last night less than 24 hours before their crucial Champions League clash.

    Newcastle fans claimed PSG ultras stormed into a restaurant and threw chairs, smashed glasses and let off flares in front of terrified families and kids.

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    Newcastle fans have claimed they were attacked by PSG hooligans outside a restaurantCredit: Twitter
    Chairs were seen being thrown and glasses smashed as red flares were let off in front of terrified families and kids

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    Chairs were seen being thrown and glasses smashed as red flares were let off in front of terrified families and kidsCredit: Twitter

    Footage on X, formerly known as Twitter, shows a group of people – thought to be Newcastle fans – stuck inside a pub as chairs and drinks are thrown at the restaurant’s front entrance by both groups.

    Bright red flares just outside the front doors can also be seen plaguing the area making it hard to see through the smoke.

    According to @GeordieJord who posted the video, the Newcastle fans in the 30 second clip were sat outside a bar having a drink moments before the video started.

    It’s also believed there were children, women and families having a drink at the same place when the situation badly escalated.

    read more in fans clashes

    Many of the people seen throwing chairs at the glass windows have hidden their identities by wearing hoods and face masks.

    Throughout the chaos a voice can be heard pleading for the fighting to end.

    A man says: “Stop it, Stop, Stop it.”

    The clash happened less than 24 hours before their crucial Champions League group stage match that Newcastle need to win to have a chance to qualify for the knockout round.

    The teams are both still battling it out to qualify from Group F as all four teams can still go through.

    The clip has already got over 440,000 views and has several comments noting that similar issues occured in the return fixture when Parisians came to Newcastle.

    Back in October, Newcastle breezed past PSG, battering them 4-1 in their only win in Europe this year but before the game fans clashed and videos showed both sets of fans being aggressive and having to be quickly separated.

    Videos show bottles and flares being thrown back and forth between both sets of fans.

    Many of those filmed have their hoods up.

    Chants of “Who are ya?” could be heard as Newcastle supporters taunted the travelling Parisians on their way to the stadium.

    While police officers lined the streets and acted as a barrier between PSG’s away following and the Toon Army.

    When Newcastle played Borussia Dortmund in October nine people were reportedly arrested.

    There was a heavy police presence on the streets approaching the ground pre match and cops have now revealed eight men and a woman have been detained.

    Dortmund supporters were heard chanting in both German and English as fights reportedly broke out between rival fans, with cops attempting to keep them apart.

    The moment a chair was thrown at a glass window

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    The moment a chair was thrown at a glass windowCredit: Twitter
    The flares made it hard to see through the smoke as the brawl worsened ahead of tomorrow nights Champions League game

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    The flares made it hard to see through the smoke as the brawl worsened ahead of tomorrow nights Champions League gameCredit: Twitter

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    Georgie English

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  • An addictive personality can facilitate sporting greatness – but what are the consequences?

    An addictive personality can facilitate sporting greatness – but what are the consequences?

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    The British gymnast Nile Wilson steps on stage and introduces himself.

    In a broad Leeds accent, the 27-year-old describes himself as an Olympic medallist, the owner of several successful businesses, and the face of a YouTube channel with more than 1.5million subscribers.

    Then he pauses — and, as if he’s slipped off the pommel horse, he begins again.

    “I’m self-destructive,” he says. “Competing at the highest level of sport, I spent four to five nights a week at the casino alone. Once I drink alcohol, I struggle to stop for days or even weeks at a time.

    “I believe both introductions are true for the same reason. What can be our strength quickly turns into our weaknesses.”

    This is the dichotomy of sporting excellence.


    By starting young, athletes are malleable.

    Like gymnastics, football asks its participants to adopt an elite performance mindset from an early age. In general, those who turn professional in both sports have generally begun to participate before they are six years old, and are in systematic coaching before they turn 11. And at the end of that, there is no guarantee of a pro career.

    There are consequences to this model.

    Increasingly, this type of coaching means children are pushed into developing an “addictive personality”; a single-minded focus in which nothing is done in moderation.

    Wilson describes this reality, flitting from the sporting (endless hours of training) to the innocent (watching The Lion King movie every night as a small child) to the more sinister (trying to drink more than his friends when out socialising).

    “Elite athletes, often driven by the rush of competition and desire to win, certainly display behaviours resembling addiction,” explain sport psychologist Marc Sagal and addiction expert Ned DeWitt. “Their focus, discipline, and pursuit of excellence can border on obsession. These qualities can contribute meaningfully to success — but can also create problems like life imbalance or relationship challenges.”

    “I brought the same intensity to a night out as I did to gymnastics,” Wilson said. “It was a competition, I wanted to win.”

    In this context, Tottenham Hotspur and England footballer James Maddison’s eye-raising comment that he “likes to be the main man at a roast dinner” begins to make sense.

    But as Wilson foreshadows, this mentality can have serious and even traumatic consequences.

    “I’m obsessive, I’m competitive, I’m a risk-taker, and I’m a show-off,” Wilson summarises. “You can see where I’m going with this. It sounds like a pretty good concoction to create a champion — and maybe an addict.”


    When it comes to football’s relationship with addiction, the crumbs are peeking out from under the carpet.

    Brentford’s Ivan Toney and Newcastle United’s Sandro Tonali are both serving lengthy suspensions for betting (eight and 10 months respectively) — with the legal process revealing that both players were gambling addicts.

    “The biggest game has started against an illness,” Tonali’s agent, Beppe Riso, said after the news broke. “Sandro is used to big games and usually he wins them. Sandro’s experience will save the lives of other kids.”

    Nottingham Forest’s Harry Toffolo was also handed a suspended five-month ban in September, with the FA Commission stating the bets “were the result, at least in large part, of significant mental health challenges”.


    Harry Toffolo was given a suspended five-month ban in September (Eddie Keogh/Getty Images)

    Their experiences are not unique in football — players including Michael Owen, Wayne Rooney, Paul Merson, Peter Shilton, Andros Townsend and Dietmar Hamann have all spoken about struggles with gambling.

    Other addictions are prevalent across the game. This month, The Athletic reported on the scale of tramadol use within the sport, a strong, prescription only painkiller which former Liverpool and England goalkeeper Chris Kirkland said left him suicidal. Earlier in November, Rooney spoke about his reliance on alcohol during his early twenties, while Dele Alli’s emotional interview with Gary Neville in July saw the pair discuss Alli’s dependence on sleeping pills. Gambling, however, is seen as particularly dangerous because it has no direct physiological impact on performance.

    “Besides the horrific guilt, the next day I could perform to the best of my ability,” Wilson explained.

    “The game has changed,” adds Michael Bennett, head of player welfare at the Professional Footballers’ Association (PFA) — players’ trade union in England. “It’s very much more data-driven. Gone are the days when you could go out drinking at the weekend, then play on a Tuesday. All the data is checked, from training and in matches. So it’s very difficult to do what you used to, back in the day. That leads itself to the possibility of other vices.”

    Football is at the sharp end of wider problems. Research released this month by Ipsos and GambeAware shows that, amongst the general population, nearly two-thirds of problem gamblers (64 per cent), had never spoken to anyone about their issues. Though the overall number of gamblers between 18 and 24 has fallen, those remaining are far more likely to bet more than they can afford (42 per cent).

    The Sporting Chance clinic, set up by former Arsenal and England captain Tony Adams in 2000 to support players with various mental, emotional and addiction issues, had more than 35 players require residential rehabilitation last season, with over 50 per cent related to gambling.

    In 2014, research from the Professional Players Federation, an organisation of athletes’ associations across UK sport, stated footballers and cricketers were three times more likely to become problem gamblers than other men in their age group. Eight years on, EPIC, a consultancy group specialising in problem gambling, said professional athletes were now four times more likely than others to develop issues.

    “The modern footballer has no shortage of stress, pressure to perform, access to certain substances, and a culture that sometimes normalises risky behaviours, all of which might contribute to addiction and other mental health problems,” say Sagal and DeWitt.

    These numbers are startling — and beg the question of why.

    There is an increasing belief that the increasing pervasiveness of addictive personalities is a contributing factor.


    When Kobe Bryant, one of the most influential athletes in history, wrote an article for The Players’ Tribune, he titled it “Obsession is natural”.

    For Los Angeles Lakers basketball star Bryant, and his legendary work ethic, maybe. Later on in that piece, he expanded on that intensity: “I swore to approach every matchup as a matter of life and death.” The mindset he coined as “mamba mentality” is not so different at all from an obsessive personality.


    Kobe Bryant playing for the LA Lakers in 2016 (Harry How/Getty Images)

    Three years after his untimely death, Bryant’s legacy continues.

    Newcastle winger Anthony Gordon, then at Everton, paid tribute to the 41-year-old when he died in a helicopter crash, posting on Twitter: “RIP to the greatest competitor the sports world has seen. A true definition of hard work and dedication. A Kobe video or quote has gotten me through some tough times during my career. Thank you for inspiring me CHAMP.”

    Gordon, in turn, has displayed elements of that mentality. Speaking to the Newcastle matchday programme last month, he revealed: “I get really obsessed with things. Whatever is on my mind for those couple of weeks, I’ll buy all the gear, research every detail of it; it’s just my personality.

    “I think that’s a good thing because I don’t settle for just being average at something — I want to be the best at everything I do. It’s a good mindset to have, but I think it stresses the people around me out.”

    While the latter part of that statement hints at some minor repercussions of an obsessive personality, this is not to pick out Gordon, or even to say he is at risk — but to highlight how widespread this attitude is within sport. The England Under-21 international is not an extreme example.

    During the 2017 Women’s European Championship, Sarina Wiegman, then coaching her native Netherlands’ national team, found herself so consumed by the job that she left a planned family day halfway through the tournament, telling her loved ones: “I’m sorry, I can’t relax. I can’t do this.”

    In other sports, legendary England rugby union international Jonny Wilkinson was famous for his obsessive preparation — something that he revealed post-retirement had left him with acute anxiety.

    Wilkinson, who refused to leave training sessions until he had completed six consecutive successful kicks from the touchline, maintained a stratospheric success rate of 95.7 per cent during the final five years of his career at French club Toulon. He also taught himself how to kick drop goals with both feet — then unprecedented — in case of such an opportunity as that which arose for him in the last minute of England’s 2003 World Cup final win.

    “I spent my career surviving the pressure I put on myself,” Wilkinson recounted.


    Wilkinson after his drop goal won the 2003 Rugby World Cup (Tom Jenkins/Getty Images)

    With football getting faster, more intense, and with more games in the schedule than ever, players are forced to wring themselves dry with increasingly less rest. To reach the top — and to stay there — players almost have to be addicted to the fitness, training, and development part of the process.

    NFL player Maxx Crosby is a recovering alcoholic. The Las Vegas Raiders defensive end has openly spoken about how he has an addictive personality, but sees the positives of it, in that it allowed him to refocus on his American football career once he went sober in 2020.

    “Yeah, I’m an addict,” Crosby told ESPN this year. “I went through what I went through, but this is way bigger than that. For me, it helps that I have that addictive personality, but I’ve always loved football.”

    In an interview this month, Nile Ranger, another footballer to reveal a gambling addiction, told The Athletic: “I’m an addictive personality. I got addicted to it, that feeling of winning would be outrageous, that adrenaline was crazy.” It was a major contribution to the unravelling of his career.

    go-deeper

    GO DEEPER

    Nile Ranger: ‘I’m Haaland if I’d eaten and behaved better. I didn’t. I thought I knew it all’

    In research carried out in 2017 by the University of Bradford, several footballers who had spent time at the Sporting Chance clinic were anonymously interviewed.

    One of those, given the pseudonym of ‘Tony’, had made more than 300 professional appearances and played in the Premier League. He now suffered from depression and alcohol misuse — and outlined the connection with the obsession he developed during his playing career.

    The report states: “After being rejected as a player at 18, he had worked on a building site and then at 21 was signed to a team; he was determined that he would not be rejected a second time. He described himself as having been very focused on his game, training exceptionally hard. It meant everything to him: ‘I lived and breathed it, I even ate it…’”

    As his level of play gradually dropped with age, Tony described it as a “slippery slope” in terms of self-worth. He developed an alcohol dependency, and made attempts to take his own life.

    Of course, players can have an obsessive personality — and be intensely driven — without it leading to addiction in other areas of their lives.

    “I was addicted, I know I was; I was addicted to football and addicted to scoring goals and addicted to trying to be the best,” says former Newcastle and England striker Alan Shearer, now a colleague at The Athletic. “Those things pushed me.

    “Goals were the biggest rush I’ve ever experienced. You score one and you crave another. But all I can do here is talk about myself and that obsession never really filtered into other areas of my life. I liked going out and having a drink and a laugh with the lads, for example, but it never became more than that.

    “Everything else was in moderation. I loved winning and still do, but not to the point where it took over my life. My obsession, if that’s what it was, was very channelled.

    “What I do understand is how difficult it can be for footballers and other elite athletes to cope with losing that addiction, that focus. When you’ve had those incredible adrenaline spikes, when you’ve enjoyed adulation, you can see why people might look for compensation elsewhere. I was very lucky; I went from one dressing room to another with my television work. I know I’ll never have that feeling of scoring again, but at least I’ve got something else.”

    But when talking about psychology, it is more useful to think of risk factors rather than causal effect. This is a field which operates through predisposition rather than guarantees.

    “Addiction is a compelling urge to act or use a substance despite negative consequences,” explain Sagal and DeWitt. “It’s driven by the brain’s reward system and operates on a continuum with varying degrees of severity.”

    This begins to explain why an addictive personality can lead to off-pitch difficulties — the brain’s reward system has been conditioned throughout a career.

    For a long time, sporting development was based on the ‘10,000 hours’ theory — now considered to hold flimsy relevance as the original study was based specifically on violin students — which encouraged early specialisation and constant pushing.

    With players being picked up by academies at earlier ages, and the dedication required to make it at an elite level ever higher, the brain is encouraged to become even more obsessive. When that obsession becomes focused on off-field issues, the risk of addiction grows ever greater — with other implicit parts of football accentuating that danger.


    Footballers face extended periods of boredom and elevated levels of pressure. There is also the potential of isolation — with players, often on short-term contracts, competing with team-mates for places. This is the nature of the profession — hours of travelling for matches and sitting in hotels, before the burst of activity for 90 minutes in front of thousands of passionate people.

    “Footballers have a lot of time on their hands and are earning a lot of money,” explains former Stoke City and Crystal Palace manager Tony Pulis, who has been involved in professional football for just under 50 years as a player and then coach. “The game is a real drug and a real high. Sometimes players need to fill it if they’re not getting that high, and look for other things. Gambling is an avenue to get that.”


    Pulis, left, has managed more than 300 Premier League games (David Rogers/Getty Images)

    ‘Frank’, another player in the University of Bradford’s research, spoke about the difficulties he had adapting to all the free time. He called the hours after training finished for the day “a lonely place to be” and described an “aimlessness” that led to depression and gambling.

    “You need to rest as a footballer,” says Charlie Daniels, who made more than 450 professional appearances, and played in the Premier League for Bournemouth. He currently works as manager of Championship club Watford’s under-18s side. “And so that means you’re sitting down a lot, and need some sort of stimulus. It might start as a social thing — but it gets the better of some people, and they become addicted. Maybe it’s a release.”

    A release from the pressure — with large sums of money, long stretches of down-time, and with the same obsessive personality that has driven their sporting success.

    “As a professional athlete, you might well have thoughts about persevering and ‘pushing through’ — a determination to never stop seeking that victory, even though it’s difficult,” sports psychiatrist Dr Tim Rogers told The Athletic in February 2021.

    “Those are great attributes if you’re 1-0 down in the 87th minute of a football match, but not great if you’ve already lost £500 and you’ve only got £100 left.”

    Ex-Arsenal midfielder Paul Merson, who presented the documentary Football, Gambling and Me about his own addiction, spoke of a similar mentality.

    “Maybe you were a sensation seeker, maybe you tried to do unusual things,” an academic put to him, after testing revealed his betting tactics were far less conservative than an average gambler. 

    “I tried to play football like that, yeah,” Merson replied. “My teammates at Arsenal would always say, ‘Stop hitting the glory ball, the killer ball.’ But that’s what made me the player I was. Other people would play safe football. But I didn’t play like that, it was all or nothing.

    “Looking back at it now, thinking about it, that’s exactly the same as my gambling. That impulsivity which made me so effective on the pitch almost killed me off it.”

    Research has implied that sportspeople are also more likely to display traits of psychopathy, with several of those characteristics — such as a desperation to win, being committed, and a lack of empathy — suggestive of a negative link with problem gambling.

    Jeremy Snape is a sports psychologist and former international cricketer who has worked with clients including Crystal Palace, the England rugby union team, and the South African cricket side. The Athletic asked him about the difficulties of his job — whether he felt the need to find a balance between creating an elite performance mindset versus a healthy mindset for everyday life.

    “The path to mastery is steep, alluring and slippery,” Snape said. “For elite performers, the same obsessive drive for continual improvement and gratification can spill over. What does success and failure really mean? It needs a more broad and balanced appraisal across our sport, mental health, relationships and life.

    “While medals and records are great achievements, winning at all costs may be too high a price to pay for some.”

    His answer gets to the heart of the dual-purpose role psychologists play. On one hand, they were hired to produce the winning machines of elite-level competition. On the other, they are often the employee responsible for looking after players’ mental health — even if that intervention comes with a sporting cost.

    The older members of football’s current generation of players did not necessarily have that support. In 2011, England’s Football Association produced a 117-page document on academy restructuring as part of its Elite Player Performance Plan (EPPP). Just half a page — and seven bullet points — was devoted to player welfare.

    Within that half-page, there was little guidance or structure on how that welfare should be administered — just that clubs should do something. As a comparison, the sections frameworking performance analysis — how many games should be filmed, how many analysts should be employed et cetera — were extensively detailed over several pages.

    As of two years ago, one Premier League club had just one player care officer across the entirety of the academy age groups on the boys’ side. That is not thought to be atypical, with clubs employing more analysts than player-care staff. The responsibility of that job is to create close relationships with players — but the workload is spread far too thinly.

    “Clubs can educate players from a young age about addiction risks and promote a culture of openness,” say DeWitt and Sagal. “(This can mean) Encouraging early help-seeking and providing psychological support can act as a strong defence against addiction. Normalising talk in and around mental health and wellness is important, while finding ways for pros who have experienced and overcome addiction to connect with and relay their experiences to academy players is another smart approach.” When physical testing is already done on under-nines players, following up with the mental side seems a no-brainer to implement.

    Strides are being made at the older ages.

    Completing a wellness assessment on a tablet device each morning is now typical practice, as well as the rise of wearable trackers such as sleep bands. However, these do not pick up every issue — while players do not always have the incentive to self-report when they want to start games every week.

    To Pulis, it’s about seeking distraction over obsession. “Youngsters coming into the game who haven’t been indoctrinated fully need to find another avenue, perhaps a dual-career, which they can enjoy as well as their football,” he says. “There should be a real force of direction that pushes clubs to guide players into something that can take the strain away, to address the free time.”

    Finding solutions is difficult. Football’s encouragement of addictive personalities is not done out of vindictiveness or apathy. But it is a by-product of the pursuit of elite performance — and an industry that is only just starting to recognise the strength of the mind as well as the body. As mentality is weaponised from ever-younger ages, those traits can spill out in unforeseen and extreme directions.

    Football’s relationship with addiction is extensive — the money, the escapism, the rampant gambling advertising. Dozens of tales lie in its wake — and not all will end as happily as Toney and Tonali, who are anticipated to return to playing next year after serving their bans.

    But before all those risk factors comes the brain. And without further player care, existing pathways are predisposing athletes to vulnerability too.

    (Top image: Sam Richardson for The Athletic, images: Getty Images)

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    The New York Times

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  • Every Premier League club’s stadium plans – from new stands to ground moves

    Every Premier League club’s stadium plans – from new stands to ground moves

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    As the Premier League gets bigger and bigger, so – it seems – do the stadiums that play host to it.

    The vast majority of clubs in the top flight have either drawn up plans to expand their grounds to service the overwhelming demand or are poised to open gleaming new stands – or, in some cases, open new stadiums altogether.

    Here, our experts guide you through what each club has done to their home ground and what could come next, plus how we rated each stadium in our rankings published last month.


    Arsenal: Emirates Stadium

    Current capacity: 60,704

    What The Athletic said: “The Emirates has its critics, but it now delivers the atmosphere, facilities, accessibility and product any sports fan would expect from the Premier League.”

    The Athletic ranking: 4th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Arsenal have not redeveloped Emirates Stadium in regards to size since moving from Highbury in 2006.

    The most recent work done was the revamped artwork around the outside of the stadium in January 2023. The decision to redecorate was made a year earlier and was brought to life by consulting with fans before artists and specialists, such as Reuben Dangoor, Jeremy Deller and David Rudnick, were commissioned to make the artwork.

    Eight panels were created in total to display the club’s international, local and historic impact across men’s, women’s and academy football.

    What comes next? As things stand, no redevelopment work is planned. Alongside the new stadium artwork rolled out earlier this year, Arsenal unveiled a statue of former manager Arsene Wenger outside the Emirates.

    The Frenchman, who managed the club for 22 years and won three league titles, visited the stadium ahead of the new season to see the work.

    The Emirates has the fifth largest capacity in the Premier League, with three of the four larger stadiums (Tottenham Hotspur Stadium, London Stadium and Anfield) either built or redeveloped after that date.

    Current capacity: 42,530

    What The Athletic said: “A packed-out Villa Park is a special place to be. When it gets going, there is no place quite like it.”

    The Athletic ranking: 7th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Villa Park last underwent major redevelopment in the 2000-01 campaign, building a bigger Trinity Road Stand, which was built from scratch. There has been an appetite for further expansion since, with the club now closer to the desired redevelopment than they have been in over two decades.

    What comes next? So this is the tricky part. The intention is to increase the capacity by 8,000, expanding Villa Park to 50,000 by 2027, the season before Euro 2028, for which it is a host stadium. This involves knocking down the North Stand completely before wrapping it into the connecting Trinity Road Stand.


    Villa Park could be expanded for Euro 2028 (Michael Regan/Getty Images)

    However, progress has been slow and new, revised plans are expected to be released before the end of the year. Inflation has taken hold since initial plans were drawn up and other problems, such as the lack of transport and on-site parking around Villa Park, require further feasibility studies, as do changes to the proposed work outside of Villa Park, such as a ‘Box Park’-type area named ‘Villa Live’.

    A stadium rebuild is likely to need an agreement with Birmingham City Council and Mayor Andy Street over talks about the redevelopment of the local train station, Witton. It will cost the council around £30million and is critical in easing the footfall around the stadium and meeting UEFA guidelines of having between 60-80 per cent of supporters attending the European Championship arriving on public transport.

    There has been no agreement yet and, under time constraints at risk of not adhering to UEFA guidelines, there is a pressing need for plans to be finalised. But there are question marks as to whether the council will spend the money on the station when its budget is already stretched. 

    Jacob Tanswell

    Current capacity: 11,307

    What The Athletic said: “There’s little discernible character. The support is welcoming, but everything feels a bit temporary.”

    The Athletic ranking: 20th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Despite cosmetic touches to the stadium since Bill Foley’s arrival as owner, Bournemouth’s previous redevelopment was done in 2013, two years before the club were promoted to the Premier League for the first time, with the Ted MacDougall Stand being unveiled by the man himself. Incredibly, Real Madrid took part in an exhibition match to mark the occasion.

    What comes next? With Foley keen to increase revenue streams and drive the commercial value of the club, Bournemouth are assessing whether to redevelop the Vitality Stadium or build a new ground. Presently, they are looking at plans, using data, ticketing information and feasibility studies, to scope the right side for a stadium which would increase the capacity. Previously, Foley has outlined his desire for a 20,000-seater stadium.

    The immediate priority is building a new training ground at Canford Magna, moving away from the temporary training pavilion adjacent to Vitality Stadium. A 3G pitch has been installed and once the complex is in operation, players will move there, with the pavilion to be used for office staff, possibly freeing up space inside the stadium for hospitality renovation. In that period, Bournemouth could look to press ahead with plans on what next to do with the current stadium.

    Jacob Tanswell

    Brentford: Gtech Community Stadium

    Current capacity: 17,250

    What The Athletic said: “It is one of the smallest grounds in the top two divisions, but none of that detracts from its charm.”

    The Athletic ranking: 8th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Brentford only moved from Griffin Park to their new ground in September 2020. There have been a few minor cosmetic changes, with a new poster installed on the side, but the biggest work has been to install safe standing.

    Barriers were installed on 1,700 seats in the West Stand and were tested at matches during the Women’s European Championship last year before being fully rolled out for the 2022-23 season.

    What comes next? The Gtech Community Stadium is built on a tight triangular piece of land, which is sandwiched between multiple railway lines and blocks of flats. Even if Brentford wanted to increase the capacity in the future, the tight restrictions make it impossible. For now, they are more than happy in their shiny new home, which chief executive Jon Varney calls “small but perfectly formed”.

    Jay Harris


    The Gtech Community Stadium is tightly hemmed in (Ryan Pierse/Getty Images)

    Brighton & Hove Albion: Amex Stadium

    Current capacity: 31,876

    What The Athletic said: “Neat, well-equipped and fit for purpose, it symbolises the spirit of the club and its supporters.”

    The Athletic ranking: 16th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? A tunnel club opened at the start of the season, joining similar facilities at Manchester City and Tottenham.

    For a total cost of just under £30,000 for a minimum of three years, members see the players in the tunnel through one-way glass in a fine dining restaurant before watching matches in luxury heated seats above the tunnel in the three-tier west stand.

    What comes next? There are no plans for further major works inside the Amex, which opened in 2011. The capacity increased from 22,500 to close to the current figure a year later, with the addition of the upper tier to the two-tier east stand.

    A major facelift is in the pipeline on the walkway surrounding the stadium, with plans submitted to Brighton & Hove Council for a covered fan zone, which will be available on non-match days for sports screenings, music gigs and other leisure events. The project is expected to open next season.

    Meanwhile, Brighton are pressing ahead with plans to build a second stadium in the city, designed specifically for women’s football.

    Andy Naylor

    Burnley: Turf Moor

    Current capacity: 21,744

    What The Athletic said: “Burnley is a proper football town and it feels like it. But while all places get cold, it can feel particularly chilly.”

    The Athletic ranking: 17th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? The last addition to the stadium was the two corner stands, either side of the Jimmy McIlroy Stand, built to improve disability facilities and stadium accessibility. They were opened in 2019.

    Since ALK Capital’s arrival, improving the experience at Turf Moor has been a key priority. They have added LED electronic signs inside and around the ground and revamped and upgraded the club’s hospitality areas around the ground.

    What comes next? There appear to be no imminent plans for any radical changes at Turf Moor. The ground’s position, so close to a road and neighbouring Burnley Cricket Club’s ground, makes any extension a challenge and is arguably not required anyway.

    The ownership group remains committed to continuing to make minor improvements and upgrades to the stadium as and when required, as what they inherited needed modernising.

    The club did recently commit to implementing safe standing in an area of the ground, as they aim to find ways to improve Turf Moor’s atmosphere. Those plans are still in the early stages.

    Andy Jones

    Chelsea: Stamford Bridge

    Current capacity: 40,173

    What The Athletic said: “As each year goes by, the ground shows more signs of age, but there is no other place Chelsea fans would rather be.”

    The Athletic ranking: 9th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? The last significant change made was the building of a new West Stand, which opened in 2001. It seats 13,500 and is also where VIP boxes, function halls and suites are housed.

    Since Chelsea were bought by the Todd Boehly-Clearlake consortium in 2022, some minor changes, mainly decorative, have been made to try to improve the fan experience.

    What comes next? This is a question still to be answered. The Athletic cover the current situation in a lot more depth here and it is certainly complex.

    Chelsea’s ground now ranks as only the 10th biggest club venue in England. From the moment the takeover was completed, figuring out whether to rebuild or move elsewhere has been a priority.

    They spent in the region of £70m-£80m to purchase 1.2 acres of land next to Stamford Bridge from Sir Oswald Stoll Mansions, but have yet to commit to building a new ground on site.

    Redeveloping Stamford Bridge will mean playing at another venue for up to five years while work is carried out. Building somewhere else is an option and going to where the former Earls Court Exhibition Centre used to be is being considered.

    But last week, the company in charge of overseeing the redevelopment of the 40-acre site – Earls Court Development Company – denied that a new ground was part of their plans.

    Simon Johnson

    Crystal Palace: Selhurst Park

    Current capacity: 25,486

    What The Athletic said: “The ground’s soul is among the best in the country. There is a community warmth that can be hard to find at other London clubs.”

    The Athletic ranking: 18th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Selhurst Park has not undergone major work for decades. Minor improvements have been undertaken since promotion to the Premier League in 2013 and the Main Stand had an internal refit, but there have been no substantial changes since the Holmesdale Road End was converted from terracing in 1994, while a TV gantry required upon promotion has significantly obstructed the view from the back of the Arthur Wait stand, a point not lost on visiting fans.

    What comes next? The start of building work on a new 13,500-capacity Main Stand stand and improving other areas of the ground that celebrates its 100th anniversary next year has moved significantly closer after the relocation of nearby residents was completed.

    The expectation is that work will commence at the end of the season and potentially open in time for the start of the 2026-27 season, but costs have already ballooned to around £150million. It is expected to be funded through a capital call of the club’s shareholders.

    Matt Woosnam


    The original vision of a redeveloped Selhurst Park (Crystal Palace FC)

    Everton: Goodison Park

    Current capacity: 39,414

    What The Athletic said: “The Old Lady may be a pensioner, but it is a venerable old dear, bursting with history.”

    The Athletic ranking: 14th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Improvements are made to Goodison on a fairly regular basis, although the last stand to undergo a major redevelopment was the Park End in 1994. The main focus for Everton has been developing the new site at Bramley-Moore Dock.

    What comes next? Everton maintain that the new stadium project is both on time and on budget, with work scheduled to be completed by the end of 2024.

    A move-in date for the stadium – which has been selected as one of the host venues for Euro 2028 – has yet to be finalised, but the club is liaising with supporters on various options, including a potential opening at the start of the 2025-26 season.

    Fans are still waiting to hear how the remainder of the project, which is expected to cost around £760million including ancillary works, will be funded, although Miami-based 777 Partners has committed to ensuring its completion as part of their takeover agreement with Farhad Moshiri. Last week’s Premier League points deduction for breaking profit and sustainability rules is not expected to affect the stadium plans.

    Patrick Boyland

    Fulham: Craven Cottage

    Current capacity: 24,500

    What The Athletic said: “The walk to Craven Cottage sets it apart. There is no football stadium like it.”

    The Athletic ranking: 15th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? The last major work undertaken at Craven Cottage was in the early 2000s when the ground was transformed into an all-seater arena in the aftermath of their top-flight promotion in 2001. Since then, there have been cosmetic changes around the ground, with small capacity increases. The most recent saw the dressing rooms expanded inside the Cottage in 2022 to accommodate the extra substitutes required in the Premier League.

    What comes next? The redevelopment of the Riverside Stand has been years in the making. It was first mooted before Mohamed Al Fayed sold the club in 2013, but it has now been realised under Shahid Khan. The aim is to bring year-round revenue streams into Fulham through a four-star hotel, a members club, a health club and restaurants, bars and other amenities.

    Work began in 2019 and it was originally expected to open in 2021. However, due to a range of issues, including the Covid-19 pandemic and the complexity of building on the river itself, the full re-opening has been pushed back three times. As it stands, the project is in the fit-out stage, with only 4,968 spectator seats available. Hospitality areas will open next year, with additional seating ahead of the 2024-25 season. The hotel and private members club may not open until 2025.

    Once completed, the new stand will increase Craven Cottage’s capacity to 29,600. It has proven expensive for Khan, with costs over £130million. It is hoped the facilities will ensure Fulham can be run sustainably at the highest level, as well as providing a new walkway along the River Thames. In the long term, Fulham also intend to build a pier on the river. However, this remains in the pre-planning stages.

    Peter Rutzler


    Fulham’s Riverside Stand (Alex Davidson/Getty Images)

    Current capacity: 54,074

    What The Athletic said: “You’ll Never Walk Alone before kick-off is one of football’s special experiences. Anfield can take you on a wild ride you may not want to end.”

    The Athletic ranking: 5th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? The last major development at Anfield was the redevelopment of the Main Stand, which was completed in 2016. The £100million project added a further 8,500 seats to Anfield, increasing the capacity to 54,000.

    What comes next? Liverpool are in the process of completing the £80million redevelopment of the Anfield Road stand, which has been hit by delays since work began in September 2021 and will not be fully open until 2024.

    The new stand will add 7,000 seats to Anfield and increase the capacity to 61,000. Initial plans were to have the stand ready for the start of the 2023-24 season, but the club announced in July that only the lower tier would be open for the first home game of the season against Bournemouth as work continued on the upper tier.

    The aim was to have the upper tier open following the September international break. However, Buckingham Group, who were chosen to oversee the construction, entered administration in early September. Work on the stand stopped for a period. It caused Liverpool to delay the timeframe again from October 2023 to an unspecified date in 2024.

    With tickets already sold for the upper tier, the club had to ask fans with tickets elsewhere in the ground to return them to the club if they were not planning on attending.

    The process to find a new contractor was extensive, with Preston-based Rayner Rowen installed and the site is now fully functional again. The next steps are ongoing as work towards completion continues, although the stand is not set to be fully open until well into 2024, according to multiple people contacted by The Athletic. It is a significant financial blow, with Liverpool missing out on extra revenue of approximately £750,000 per match with capacity down 11,000.

    Andy Jones

    Luton Town: Kenilworth Road

    Current capacity: 11,050

    What The Athletic said: “You won’t hear an atmosphere like it. The walk into the away end through neighbouring terraced housing really is fun, too.”

    The Athletic ranking: 19th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Luton Town spent around £10million to upgrade Kenilworth Road ahead of the 2023-23 season to bring it up to Premier League standards and requirements. The upgrades increased the stadium’s capacity from 10,356 – which would have made it the lowest-ever capacity in the Premier League.

    The main body of renovations centred on renewing the Bobbers Stand, which houses a television gantry as well as seats for fans. The first Premier League home game against Burnley had to be postponed as works were completed.

    What comes next? Power Court Stadium. Luton are saying goodbye to their home since 1905 and are hoping to commence works on a new site in the city centre next to Luton railway station, which will have an initial capacity of 19,500. A second phase of development could see 4,000 seats added.

    “The next phase now is an engagement with Luton Council and key stakeholders, such as the Environment Agency and Historic England, as we take them all through our detailed design process,” chief operating officer Michael Moran said in May 2023. “We are also engaging with contractors as we finalise certain construction features, but our target for completion is 2026, regardless of the club’s league position.”

    Manchester City: Etihad Stadium

    Current capacity: 53,400

    What The Athletic said: “It is akin to visiting a football theme park, but it may never have that final piece of intangible soul that Maine Road had.”

    The Athletic ranking: 11th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? City unveiled their new-look South Stand in a game against Chelsea in August 2015, an occasion also remembered for Eliaquim Mangala’s fine debut. The expansion added 6,250 seats to a new third tier, another 1,500 seats around the pitch and extra hospitality areas.

    What comes next? An even more ambitious expansion that will add 5,000 seats to the North Stand is now full steam ahead. According to the club’s website, the plans include a “larger, single upper tier above the existing lower tier”, which will increase the Etihad’s capacity to over 60,000.

    There will also be a covered fan area with capacity for 3,000 people as well as a new club shop, museum, office spaces and a 400-bed hotel. The hotel, which is scheduled to open in 2026, will also serve the new 23,500-capacity Co-op Live music arena, which opens close to the stadium in May.

    Building on the north stand is scheduled for completion in August 2025.

    Sam Lee


    Manchester City’s Etihad Stadium is set to expand (Michael Regan/Getty Images)

    Current capacity: 74,031

    What The Athletic said: “Parts look out of date and the roof is leaking, but the scale of the place is mighty and it comes with a special atmosphere.”

    The Athletic ranking: 3rd

    When was the last redevelopment work done? United have invested millions of pounds in small improvements in recent years, mainly on hospitality areas, disabled facilities and adding safe-standing areas. A paint job was completed in 2022 and quickly gave it a much smarter appearance. At Erik ten Hag’s request, the club built a new lounge for the club’s manager and his players to use before matches at Old Trafford from the beginning of this season, replacing a hospitality area in the Sir Bobby Charlton stand.

    What comes next? United announced in April last year that they had appointed architects Populous and management firm Legends International as master planners and consultants for a revamp of Old Trafford. Several different options were assessed, including increasing Old Trafford’s capacity, building a completely new stadium next to the current one, and development centred around a new main stand.

    These were presented at a fans’ advisory board meeting. Major redevelopment work, however, has remained at a standstill during United’s strategic review, which started last November. Sir Jim Ratcliffe, the British billionaire and owner of petrochemicals company INEOS, is set to purchase a 25 per cent stake in United from the Glazer family.

    The Athletic detailed how Ratcliffe is prepared to commit $300million (£245m) of his personal wealth for infrastructure upgrades at Manchester United.

    Dan Sheldon

    Current capacity: 52,257

    What The Athletic said: “It’s slap-bang in the middle of the city, looming over it, setting the mood and drawing people towards it.”

    The Athletic ranking: 2nd

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Aside from changes to corporate boxes, the last proper redevelopment was in 2005. Shearer’s Bar was added to the Gallowgate End, which was itself upgraded as part of an expansion throughout the 1990s, raising capacity to present levels. The Milburn Stand and Leazes End were expanded after the Gallowgate, while corporate boxes were moved from the East Stand elsewhere.

    What comes next? The next phase of redevelopment will not alter the stadium itself, rather the area on Strawberry Place behind the Gallowgate. Mike Ashley sold the lease on that land, but the current owners bought it back and a fan zone, featuring bars, restaurants and big screens, is being built and is due to open within months.


    An artist’s impression of Newcastle’s fan zone (Courtesy of Newcastle United)

    Planning permission has been granted for three years on that site but, beyond, Newcastle are exploring how to raise the capacity to 60,000-65,000. That would likely involve expansion of the Gallowgate End and East Stand, but road and Metro infrastructure, as well as listed buildings on Leazes Terrace behind the latter, make increasing capacity difficult and expensive. It will cost tens of millions and is very much a long-term aspiration rather than a confirmed plan.

    However, the owners insist they want to remain at Newcastle’s historic St James’ home rather than move to a ground outside the heart of the city centre.

    Nottingham Forest: City Ground

    Current capacity: 30,404

    What The Athletic said: “It’s in a beautiful spot at the heart of Nottingham and the home atmosphere has been rejuvenated in recent seasons.”

    The Athletic ranking: 12th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? The club undertook a cosmetic revamp of many areas of the City Ground over the summer.

    That included a refurbishment of the dressing rooms and tunnel area and the construction of an entirely new media suite, in the area where Brian Clough’s office used to be.

    What comes next? In the short term, there is a desire among the Forest hierarchy to get the capacity further above the 30,000 mark and there are early plans to use shipping containers to add roughly 500 extra seats.

    The idea is inspired by one of the venues used during the Qatar World Cup, Stadium 974, which was built entirely out of shipping containers.

    There are also plans in place to further improve the fan experience around the stadium.

    In the longer term, Forest announced plans in February 2019 to knock down the Peter Taylor Stand and rebuild it with Champions League-standard facilities, which would take the capacity up to 35,000.

    The club hope that the appointment of Tom Cartledge, a lifelong Forest fan, as chairman will help accelerate the progress of those plans. Cartledge is chief executive of Handley House Group, which includes Benoy, the firm of architects who designed the proposed development.

    Paul Taylor

    Current capacity: 32,050

    What The Athletic said: “There can be few more intimidating atmospheres in English football. The noise lingers and swells as if stuck under the roof.”

    The Athletic ranking: 13th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? A general brush-up took place last summer, including a new lick of paint to smarten up the back of the South Stand. But the last tangible upgrade came in 2009 when the gap between the South Stand and the Bramall Lane Stand (where away fans are situated) was finally filled in via a new corner stand that included a hotel.

    What comes next? There has been previous talk by the current owners of improving the Kop stand by removing the pillars that currently restrict the view from hundreds of seats. But United’s struggle to compete financially with the rest of the Premier League, even with the riches that accompany promotion, suggests these plans will be firmly on the back-burner until a change of ownership.

    Richard Sutcliffe

    Tottenham Hotspur: Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

    Current capacity: 62,850

    What The Athletic said: “Sit inside the stadium and you soon realise its draw: an experience comparable to any live sport stadium across the world.”

    The Athletic ranking: 1st

    When was the last redevelopment work done? There have been no major development works since the stadium opened four years ago. There have been ongoing small improvements and the player’s lounge was refurbished at a not-inconsiderable cost in the summer of 2019.

    What comes next? Spurs are always looking to improve the stadium, but it’s so young and remains the best in class in the Premier League, so there are no big plans in place for redevelopment work.

    Charlie Eccleshare


    The Tottenham Hotspur Stadium has become a regular NFL venue (Justin Setterfield/Getty Images)

    Current capacity: 62,500

    What The Athletic said: “It has the feel of a big, international venue, but the pitch feels distant and so does everyone else in the stadium.”

    The Athletic ranking: 10th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? Ahead of the 2022-23 season, capacity at the London Stadium increased from 60,000 to 62,500 following redevelopment work in the West Stand. In April 2019, the club installed a claret carpet to surround the outside of the playing field.

    What comes next? As it stands, there are no plans for redevelopment work at the London Stadium.

    Roshane Thomas

    Current capacity: 31,750

    What The Athletic said: “A perfect balance of modern facilities and an authentic atmosphere to rival anywhere in the country.”

    The Athletic ranking: 6th

    When was the last redevelopment work done? The modern two-tier Stan Cullis Stand (still known locally as the North Bank) was opened in 2012, taking Molineux to its current capacity. That was the first significant rebuild since 1993, when the Jack Harris Stand (now the Sir Jack Hayward Stand) was opened, replacing the final section of old Molineux terracing.


    How Wolves’ redeveloped stadium could look (Courtesy of Wolverhampton Wanderers)

    What comes next? Wolves have an idea of what comes next, but there is currently no clear picture of when. In 2019, Wolves owners Fosun announced their intention to increase capacity to 50,000 by replacing the Steve Bull and Sir Jack Hayward Stands in the image of the Stand Cullis Stand and filling in the ground’s open corners.

    But Covid-19 and other factors meant the plans were put on hold, where they remain. Wolves have researched a range of options, but there remains no clear timescale.

    Steve Madeley

    (Top photos: Clive Brunskill/Naomi Baker/Catherine Ivill/Getty Images; design: Samuel Richardson)

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  • The Briefing: Arsenal’s ‘embarrassing’ VAR episode, Hayes’ USWNT switch and ugly chants

    The Briefing: Arsenal’s ‘embarrassing’ VAR episode, Hayes’ USWNT switch and ugly chants

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    Welcome to The Briefing, where every Monday during this season The Athletic discusses three of the biggest questions to arise from the weekend’s football.

    This was the weekend when Arsenal stuttered, Manchester United staved off a crisis for another week, Sheffield United got their first win of the season and Luis Diaz displayed astonishing levels of resolve to score Liverpool’s equaliser at Luton Town.

    Here we will consider Mikel Arteta and Arsenal’s response to Newcastle’s winner, just how big a deal it is that Emma Hayes is taking the USWNT job and why ‘Always the victim…’ is not harmless terrace banter…


    What is the real embarrassment: the refereeing or Arsenal endorsing Arteta’s complaints?

    Maybe managers shouldn’t give interviews straight after games.

    Frustration is high, emotions heightened, the chance that they might say something unwise goes through the roof.

    From that perspective, and in isolation, you can understand (if not agree with) Mikel Arteta’s comments about the refereeing in Arsenal’s 1-0 defeat against Newcastle on Saturday. Anthony Gordon’s winner might have been disallowed on three counts, but there wasn’t conclusive evidence that the ball had gone out, Gordon wasn’t offside and the question of whether Joelinton pushed Gabriel could have gone either way.

    GO DEEPER

    Explained: ‘A disgrace’ – Gordon’s controversial winner for Newcastle vs Arsenal

    The irritation was understandable. While, in an ideal world, every manager would be absolutely even-handed and calm about every decision that goes against them, it’s unrealistic to expect that all the time.

    But anyone who saw Arteta’s comments before watching the incident in question may have been confused when they eventually did see it, expecting a much greater injustice. “I feel embarrassed,” said Arteta, “but I have to be the one now coming here to try to defend the club and please ask for help, because it’s an absolute disgrace that this goal is allowed, an absolute disgrace.”

    This was merely a debatable call, not a crushing moment of incompetence that should cause great introspection and resignations at PGMOL, the body which oversees referees in English football. It might have been a mistake, it might not: if nothing else, enough pundits and other neutrals seem to think the officials were correct to suggest it wasn’t a calamitous error. Oddly, Arteta’s reaction may have felt slightly more proportionate if it was about the decision not to send Bruno Guimaraes off for forearming Jorginho in the head, but his ire was focused specifically on the goal.

    This is where we are now, though. We have reached the point, with the constant and unending focus on refereeing decisions which has been exacerbated by VAR and its loose promise of perfection, where a manager feels justified in declaring a decision like this as embarrassing and a disgrace. Debatable officiating is now no longer viewed as just that but as part of a wider narrative and sense of collective injustice.

    Arteta’s reaction was disproportionate, he probably should know better — particularly after saying only a couple of weeks ago that “we have to understand that mistakes happen” from referees — but again, you can understand it.

    There it might have stayed… until Arsenal released an official statement on Sunday afternoon which said:

    “Arsenal Football Club wholeheartedly supports Mikel Arteta’s post-match comments after yet more unacceptable refereeing and VAR errors on Saturday evening.”

    [VAR debate: Has it made football better or worse? How could it be improved? Have your say in our subscriber survey here]

    Presumably, they won’t care about what anyone else thinks, on the basis they have backed their manager and reflected the feelings of many fans. But for a football club to release an ‘official statement’, once upon a time the sort of thing reserved for managerial dismissals and so forth, about a marginal refereeing decision they disagree with, is extraordinary.

    You would hope a football club would be more sensible and constructive if, as is referenced later in their statement, their aim is to improve refereeing standards in the league. You would hope that even if we accept that it was a mistake and Gordon’s goal should have been disallowed, that some decisions go against you and everyone should be mature enough to accept that. But they didn’t, and instead officially endorsed their manager’s frustrated outburst.

    That’s the embarrassing bit.

    go-deeper

    GO DEEPER

    Is it time for an evolution in Saka’s role with teams stymying Arsenal’s creativity?


    How big a deal is Hayes’s impending appointment as USWNT coach?

    English football is going to feel pretty strange without Emma Hayes.

    She joined Chelsea in 2012, when the Women’s Super League (WSL) was in just its second season. The WSL, along with the success of the England national team, have been the main drivers in the rise in popularity and recognition for the women’s game in the UK, and Hayes has been a huge part of that.

    She has won six WSL titles, including the past four in a row. She has won five FA Cups and the League Cup twice, and in 2020-21 won all three titles in a single season, making that Chelsea team just the second to win a domestic treble. Chelsea were Champions League runners-up that season too, only the second English side and the first since 2007 to reach the final.

    Two of the key members of England’s Euro 2022-winning team, Millie Bright and Fran Kirby, have flourished under Hayes at Chelsea. Another two, Jess Carter and Lauren James, helped take Sarina Wiegman’s side to the Women’s World Cup final.

    She has also played a role in shaping how the wider public thinks about the game too, with her punditry. She’s frequently one of the most insightful and considered TV analysts and co-commentators, on both the men’s and women’s game.


    Hayes’ punditry work has been commended (Robin Jones/Getty Images)

    In short, it’s tough to think of a single more influential English figure currently working in the game.

    go-deeper

    GO DEEPER

    The USWNT are hiring a serial winner in Emma Hayes – a coach with unfinished business in the U.S.

    This is a colossal deal for the U.S. Women’s National Team if, as is very much expected, Hayes is confirmed as their new head coach in the coming days. This is a crucial time of rebuilding after the World Cup, and they have got the best candidate they could have attracted to oversee this new era.

    It was probably the only job Hayes would have left Chelsea for. Anyone else in England would have been a step down. Another European club, such as Lyon or Barcelona, might have been worthy of her talents, but the latter in particular wouldn’t suit Hayes’s sense of pragmatism. None of the U.S. domestic sides have the requisite cache. The England job is probably the only other one she could have taken, but Wiegman isn’t going anywhere until 2025 at the earliest.

    English football will miss her. The U.S. shouldn’t underestimate what a significant coup her appointment is.


    It’s not banter: why ‘Always the victim’ should never be sung at Liverpool fans

    The rise of Luton from the non-League to the Premier League has been one of the more heartwarming tales of the past few years. The team have a style which is unpleasant to play against but often exciting to watch and, in Rob Edwards, they have a terrific manager. Kenilworth Road is a charming anachronism among a set of plush, shiny stadiums in the top flight.

    In short, their promotion last season was much more interesting than a Norwich City or a West Bromwich Albion or a Watford yo-yo-ing back into the Premier League.

    And yet, with the charm and the novelty have come some deeply unpleasant elements in their support. In their first home game, against West Ham United, some of their fans directed an abysmal misogynist chant towards Jarrod Bowen — and another deeply objectionable example appeared in their 1-1 draw with Liverpool on Sunday.

    Maybe it was only a vocal minority, but the chant of ‘Always the victim, it’s never your fault’ was clear to hear from the home fans in the second half, followed by a different chant referencing English clubs’ suspension from European football in the 1980s, brought in because of the Heysel tragedy in 1985.

    Mercifully, there has been less of this sort of thing of late. The chant was heard at Chelsea on the opening weekend, and a few times towards the back end of last term but, as a general rule, ‘Always the victim…’ hasn’t been quite as frequent as in previous years.

    This is in part because fans have become educated about the chant’s connotations, and the Liverpool supporters’ group Spirit Of Shankly has done valuable work in this area.

    There will still be some who insist it is merely terrace banter and has no relevance to the Hillsborough disaster and the 97 Liverpool fans who lost their lives as a result of what happened in 1989. But anyone with half a brain or appreciation of modern football history and culture will understand that, whether the person singing consciously intends it this way or not, it is a direct reference to Hillsborough, the most prominent example of when Liverpool fans were victims but were repeatedly told the disaster was their fault.

    go-deeper

    GO DEEPER

    Hillsborough – the 97 remembered: An Athletic special project

    You wonder if the people singing it know about its true connotations, that they are just repeating something they have heard in the name of standard rivalry between opposing fans, that they think it is just the same as any other chant. They may well just be ignorant or naive kids who weren’t alive in 1989, much less aware of the context.

    But that is even more reason to call out the chant as unacceptable when it happens, as Jamie Carragher did so well while commentating for Sky Sports.

    Rivalry, antipathy, even verbal aggression between different sets of fans should be encouraged. Some of the best atmospheres you will ever experience will be informed by an element of spite, that it’s not just ‘us’ winning but ‘them’ losing too. It’s part of what makes football enjoyable.

    But those who join in with this chant should be aware that, in doing so, they are contributing to the continued demonisation of Liverpool fans and belittling a 34-year struggle which continues to this day.


    Coming up

    • Arguably the biggest game of this Premier League weekend comes on Monday, as Ange Postecoglou’s Tottenham take the only remaining unbeaten record in the Premier League to face Chelsea. They will go back to the top with a win, while three points for Chelsea could just about sneak them into the top half of the table.
    • Then it’s the Champions League, with these fixtures the reverse of the round of games we saw last week: Newcastle take their depleted contingent to face Borussia Dortmund, who beat them in Newcastle but have since been taken to the cleaners by Harry Kane, while Manchester City should theoretically make short work of Young Boys.
    • On Wednesday, Arsenal and their burning sense of injustice host Sevilla, while Manchester United continue their (often unsuccessful) quest not to embarrass their supporters too much, as they travel to face FC Copenhagen.
    • Thursday sees the Europa League return to our collective consciousness and Brighton take a trip to Amsterdam, where they will face an Ajax side who have actually managed to win a couple of games since they last faced each other, while West Ham are at home to Olympiacos and Liverpool travel to Toulouse. In the Conference League, Aston Villa host AZ Alkmaar.
    • Thursday also sees Gareth Southgate announce his latest England squad, for the Euro 2024 qualifiers against Malta and North Macedonia. Will Anthony Gordon get the nod? Will James Ward-Prowse continue to be ignored? Are people just going to bore on about Harry Maguire, Kalvin Phillips and Jordan Henderson being called up again?

    (Top photo: Getty Images)

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    The New York Times

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  • Bad language, worse jokes and riot police: What really happens in the tunnel

    Bad language, worse jokes and riot police: What really happens in the tunnel

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    “I’ll see you in the tunnel.”

    There was a time when that was more than a throwaway line on the pitch, even if some players found a way to make sure that they never showed up.

    “One of my standard challenges was to (jump and) head the ball and put my studs down someone’s back — which you’d get sent off for now,” Liam Ridgewell, the former Aston Villa, Birmingham City, West Bromwich Albion and Portland Timbers defender, tells The Athletic. “I did it to the late, great Papa Bouba Diop at Fulham.”

    Ridgewell, now a coach with MLS side Portland, pauses as he thinks back to what happened next.

    “You know that GIF when Jim Carrey wipes his mouth and changes his demeanour? Well, Bouba Diop turned around, rubbed his back and went: ‘What. Did. You. Just. Do?’ And I thought: ‘S—.’

    “He said: ‘I’ll see you in the tunnel.’ I was like: ‘No you f—ing won’t!’ After the game, I stayed out there (on the pitch) so long, even clapping the home fans, so that I didn’t have to go back down the tunnel!”

    Tunnels in football, like most things in life, aren’t what they used to be. For a start, the more spacious layouts of modern stadiums mean that players are rarely rubbing shoulders with one another when they line up in them beforehand, taking away a lot of the tension.

    The fixtures and fittings have changed in the area between the dressing rooms and the pitch too – glass has replaced concrete blocks at Manchester City so the VIPs in the ‘Tunnel Club’ can rubber-neck – and so has the behaviour of the players.

    “Gary Neville and Roy Keane wouldn’t even look at their opponents – Gary didn’t even look at his brother,” says one current player, who has asked to remain anonymous to protect relationships, as he recalls the scene at Goodison Park when Gary was captain of United, with Phil wearing the armband for home side Everton.

    “It was about the bravado of ‘We’re going to war!’ But – and I’m saying this as someone who is old-school — football isn’t about going to war any more. You can barely make a tackle these days. So it’s a lot more friendly in the tunnel now.”

    In other words, it’s more a case of Jamie Vardy being the court jester, rocking back on his heels and mocking Kasper Schmeichel with his “Ooh, Danish friends!” joke based on a scene in UK sitcom The Inbetweeners as his Leicester team-mate palled around with then-Southampton midfielder Pierre-Emile Hojbjerg, rather than Keane going nose to nose with Patrick Vieira, the “Crazy Gang” snorting Deep Heat or a couple of Nottingham Forest midfielders barking like dogs.

    “Exactly,” replies the same player. “When I was younger, if the cameras were there, people didn’t even want to be seen saying hello to opposition players. But everyone is hugging and laughing now, high-fiving mascots – it’s a lot more relaxed.”

    Ridgewell nods.

    “I saw the Goodison tunnel on TV the other day and thought: ‘That looks nice.’ There were pictures on the wall. But when I used to walk down there it was pure Goodison — dirty and dingy. It set the stage for what you were going into — it was like a dungeon walk.

    “But now you’ve got people asking for shirts before games, and asking how the wife and kids are doing. I wouldn’t have asked one of our players that!”

    It feels like a sign of the times that a minor incident just outside the tunnel involving Manchester City’s Kyle Walker and one of the Arsenal backroom staff, after the Premier League game between the two clubs at the latter’s Emirates Stadium last month, caused such a stir.

    Walker refused to shake hands with Nicolas Jover after the 1-0 defeat on the basis that Arsenal’s set-piece coach, who formerly held that job at City, refused to do the same when Pep Guardiola’s side beat them last season. A storm in a tea cup if ever there was one.

    Indeed, post-match feuds in the tunnel are rare now.

    In the February of last season, Leeds United thought it was disrespectful that Nottingham Forest had their dressing room door open and music blaring out after defeating them 1-0. In a classic case of tit for tat, Leeds did the same to Forest when they won the return fixture at Elland Road two months later. Forest head coach Steve Cooper wasn’t happy and a security guard ended up intervening in the tunnel.

    All of that feels rather tame, though, especially compared to the days when John Fashanu’s Wimbledon debut coincided with a 22-man brawl in the tunnel of their away game at Portsmouth or, from personal experience, when you looked across and saw the opposition striker being throttled before a ball had been kicked.

    “Don’t f—ing ruin our big day,” Jason Perry, the former Wales international defender, strongly advised Brett Ormerod, who was Blackpool’s star player and two weeks away from a move to the Premier League with Southampton when we lined up with Newport County, then in the seventh tier of the English game, away at Bloomfield Road for an FA Cup first round tie in November 2001. Perry had his hands around Ormerod’s throat at the time.

    It would be stretching it to say that managers and players thought games could be won or lost in the tunnel back then, but there was certainly a school of thought that a bit of intimidation could help.

    Aidy Boothroyd even put on an exercise before a play-off semi-final a decade ago where he divided his Northampton Town squad into two groups and the players had to practise leaving the dressing rooms and lining up in the tunnel.

    “It didn’t do us any favours, by the way. We got pumped (3-0 by Bradford City) in the final,” Clive Platt, who was playing for Northampton at the time and now works as a football agent, says. “I actually did that before with another manager as well — Martin Allen, when I was with MK Dons. Again, it was to gain that advantage before the game kicks off.


    Aidy Boothroyd wanted Northampton to use the tunnel as a weapon (Pete Norton/Getty Images)

    “Aidy did it slightly differently. Keeping you waiting was a tactic of some teams. But he (Boothroyd) used to make us go out early, especially in those play-off matches, and stand in the middle of the tunnel.

    “He was like: ‘Go and stand in the middle, pretty much on your tip-toes, jumping up and down, looking as big as possible, and also taking up as much room as possible,’ to kind of show that it’s our tunnel, not theirs.”


    Occasionally, the tunnel can be more intimidating than the opposition.

    Galatasaray, back in the 1990s, was a case in point.

    Chelsea travelled to Istanbul for a Champions League game in October 1999.

    A window on their team coach was smashed on the way to the stadium and that set the tone for what was to follow. Welcome to Hell, as Galatasaray liked to say at the time.

    go-deeper

    GO DEEPER

    Attacked, detained, deported: Inside Man United’s ‘Welcome to Hell’ game, 30 years on

    “I was in the tunnel a bit further back and you could hear the noise, which sounded like there was a massive hailstorm outside as you came up the steps,” Graeme Le Saux tells The Athletic. “I was thinking: ‘It (the weather) wasn’t meant to be like that.’ But then as you come out, there’s this roof of riot shields, like an extended tunnel, and people are launching all sorts of things at the riot police.”

    It was an extraordinary scene, which is captured in the picture below, and is seared into Le Saux’s mind.


    Riot police ‘protect’ Chelsea at Galatasaray in 1999 (Ben Radford/Allsport)

    “If the shields hadn’t been there, I don’t think they’d have thrown stuff at us. It’s all part of this build-up and I presume the riot police are in on it! Because as soon as you come out, they don’t carry on throwing things. It’s like the ultimate distraction and intimidation.

    “But once the game starts, you’re almost in an exclusion zone, you’re looking in rather than out. There was so much nervous tension in us going out but we channelled it into a performance and we took them apart.”

    Chelsea, inspired by Tore Andre Flo, won 5-0 and turned a cauldron into a cakewalk.

    Red Star Belgrade’s Rajko Mitic Stadium is another of those places where minds can easily wander in the tunnel — and not in a good way.

    With the changing rooms outside the stadium itself, it is a 240m walk from there to the playing surface — more than two football pitches end to end, by far the longest in Europe. The tunnel itself is not for the faint-hearted: anyone taller than 6ft (182cm) needs to stoop in places, just 15cm of concrete separates the ceiling from the ultras in the stand above it, and the riot police presence along the route is unnerving rather than reassuring.

    Gavin McCann played and won there with Bolton Wanderers in the UEFA Cup (today’s Europa League) in 2007.

    “There’s a good picture of Gary Speed leading us out,” the former Aston Villa and Sunderland midfielder says of the photo below. “It is a proper tunnel — long and dark — and then you’ve got the athletics track to cross as well when you get out of it. There were riot police at the top and they were also lined up in the tunnel.

    “They try to intimidate you, it’s as simple as that. But we went there and turned them over.”


    Gary Speed leads Bolton out through Red Star’s tunnel in 2007 (Michael Steele/Getty Images)

    The psychological side before a game is fascinating, especially as kick-off nears. Nerves and anxiety can easily take over, so much so that it’s not uncommon for players to vomit just before lining up in the tunnel — Per Mertesacker would often do that in his days with Arsenal.

    “As a player, you’re constantly overcoming the demons,” Le Saux adds. “The worst bit for me throughout my whole career was the journey to any stadium. It’s no man’s land. You can’t do any more preparation and you can’t get into the zone of being ready to play because there’s too long a gap.”

    In the tunnel, it’s different — it’s game time.

    “Then, it’s a fine line between focus, that bit of bravado and posturing, but there’s also that internal dialogue of getting ready to play,” Le Saux says. “Tunnels, for me, are sacred places — the Anfield sign at Liverpool is one of them. They’re waiting rooms where you come out onto the pitch, when you’re crossing that Rubicon and passing the point of no return.”


    Anfield’s tunnel, complete with its famous sign, in 2007, before redevelopment (Clive Brunskill/Getty Images)

    It’s almost a game before the game.

    For example, at Goodison, where the tunnel is narrow and goes down some steps and then back up again to the pitch, Le Saux would try to stand on one of the higher steps, especially if 6ft 4in (193cm) Everton striker Duncan Ferguson was around.

    “I was still shorter than him but at least I could look into his eyes as opposed to into his nostrils,” he says, smiling. “Even if you are nervous, you’ve got to put on a front.

    “Playing against Wimbledon, (John) Fashanu, the stuff they would say, the jumping up and down, the music, the shirts off, snorting Deep Heat and Vicks VapoRub – I wouldn’t be surprised if they were rubbing it in their eyes.

    “I remember we played Poland with England and they had what felt like the world’s longest tunnel. Their centre-back, who was 6ft 4in and a bruiser, jumped up and headed an iron girder on purpose – and then looked at us.”

    Le Saux can laugh about it all now, including the way that some players had no interest in engaging with the children serving as mascots after emerging from a dressing room that was full of adrenaline and testosterone.

    Some players overthink the game during those final moments and end up inhibited on the pitch. Others zone out and perform.

    “Ultimately, that’s what will define you in some ways,” Le Saux adds. “Coming back to Galatasaray and the build-up in the tunnel before the game, it would have been so easy to have felt my hamstring that day. But I think top-level players know that the outcome… that’s what we play for.”


    The referee always rings twice.

    Players are expected to be out and into the tunnel sharpish after the official sounds a bell for a second time. There is a 30-second period of grace before each half, and clubs will be fined if their players arrive any later.

    Amid all the tension and the thousand-yard stares back in the day, mascots occasionally lightened the mood.

    In 2006, Jake Nickless, who was a Chelsea fan and five years old at the time, put a thumb to his nose when Steven Gerrard went to shake his hand in the tunnel at Stamford Bridge. Nickless claimed years later that his father had put him up to the stunt and promised him some PlayStation games in return.

    As for Gerrard, he was thrown totally off-guard. “The only time I smiled in the tunnel was when the Chelsea mascot played a trick on me,” he wrote in his autobiography. “I went to shake his hand and he pulled a face at me. If it was an adult I would have wanted to wring their neck!’”

    Players can be childish too, though.

    “One of our first games of the season with Forest was against Arsenal away,” Andy Johnson says, recalling a match at Highbury in 1998. “We were lining up against Patrick Vieira and Emmanuel Petit, and Geoff Thomas said to me: ‘When we get in the tunnel, look at them and start barking and growling at them like a dog.’ So the two of us were doing that — barking like dogs — at two World Cup winners (with France, little more than a month before), who were looking at us like we’d gone mad.”

    For the game’s gym addicts, it’s the perfect time to flex.

    Danny Shittu had a reputation for emerging from the changing room with his shirt off – “19 stones (266lb; 120kg) of prime beef, letting out monosyllabic and neanderthal grunts and screams, beating his chest all the while,” is how Clarke Carlisle once described his former Queens Park Rangers team-mate.

    Others can get carried away with their own voice.

    “I think in the tunnel I was too excited — that was down to just childishness,” goalkeeper Joe Hart reflected after his England side’s dismal showing at the 2016 European Championship, where he was filmed before the group game against neighbours and long-time rivals Wales shouting expletives outside the dressing rooms. “I thought it was the right thing to do. I just let my emotions get the better of me.”

    The notorious Keane-Vieira episode at Highbury in 2005 was unusual in the sense that tunnel altercations — and that one was a proper bust-up — generally happen after matches, not before them.

    Indeed, Manchester United and Arsenal have plenty of history in that department.

    “The Battle of the Buffet” at Old Trafford in that 2004-05 season’s reverse fixture the previous October goes straight in at number 1 here.

    Fuelled by a sense of injustice after United were awarded a controversial second-half penalty for the first of their two goals, and angry that Arsenal’s 49-match unbeaten Premier League run had come to an end, Cesc Fabregas hurled a slice of pizza (believed to be Margherita but the topping was never confirmed) that hit United manager Sir Alex Ferguson, of all people.

    Seventeen years later, Fabregas finally came clean.

    The Spaniard told UK broadcaster ITV Sport that he was both hungry and frustrated when he got to the dressing room after the game, and explained that he “took a slice of pizza” and then “started hearing noises” in the tunnel.

    “You started seeing (Arsenal manager) Arsene Wenger and players everywhere,” Fabregas said. “The first thing that occurred to me was to throw the pizza, because I didn’t have the power, or the courage maybe, to go into that fight. They were monsters in there.”

    The row that followed between Wenger and Ferguson, both in the tunnel and publicly, was box office.

    “In the tunnel, he (Wenger) was publicly criticising my players, calling them cheats,” Ferguson said three months later. “I was told about this when they came into the dressing room, so I went out into the tunnel and said to him: ‘You get in there (the away dressing room) and behave yourself, leave my players alone.’ He came sprinting towards me with his hands raised saying: ‘What do you want to do about it?’ He was standing right there.”

    Managers and coaches are every bit as likely as players to cause problems in the tunnel. Haranguing referees at half-time, as well as full-time, was commonplace in the past, but happens a lot less frequently now.

    Jose Mourinho had form for that, and more.

    Ridgewell hasn’t forgotten a fracas involving Mourinho at Stamford Bridge in 2013, when Chelsea were awarded a dubious late penalty that allowed them to avoid defeat against his West Brom side in the Premier League. In the melee that followed in the tunnel, West Brom defender Jonas Olsson claimed home manager Mourinho called him “a Mickey Mouse player”.

    “It still sticks in my brain now,” Ridgewell says, a decade later. “We were winning 2-1 and they got a naughty penalty. It all kicked off over that, and as we were going down the tunnel, you’ve got Jose Mourinho standing at the top of the stairs, leaning over one of their players, and Jonas Olsson was at the bottom trying to get to him.

    “I recall Mourinho saying: ‘You lot are just a Mickey Mouse club.’ If he said: ‘Micky Mouse player’, that would explain why he set Jonas off.

    “I love Jose Mourinho, but that left a sour taste, because we battered them that day. But it was a classic tunnel moment.”

    (Additional material: Phil Hay)

    (Top photos: PA Images via Getty Images & iStock; design: Samuel Richardson)

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  • We ranked every Premier League stadium so you could shout at us

    We ranked every Premier League stadium so you could shout at us

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    Welcome to The Athletic’s Premier League stadium rankings, an exercise in entertainment, creating arguments nobody can win and questionable mathematics.

    Before we start, we should beg for forgiveness. This is an almost impossible task and however we choose categories, weight categories and then mark the teams is going to annoy you. It’s a subjective topic and there isn’t a right answer.

    All we ask is that you know we have put far too many hours into all this, tried to make it as fair as possible, and are not deliberately trying to upset anyone.

    So take a seat — or stand, if you prefer — maybe get one of those squeezy stress balls and enjoy. Hey, you might even agree with some of it.


    Coming to this order has been a long, methodical process involving a working group that broke the scoring into four categories:

    • Matchday experience — including seat views, community feel, accessibility and amenities inside and near the stadium (40 per cent of the final total)
    • Match atmosphere — with consideration for home and away supporters (25 per cent)
    • Transport and location — how easy it is to get to and from the stadium (20 per cent)
    • Aesthetics — such as design, character, surroundings, history and other intangibles (15 per cent)

    The panel was asked to submit marks out of 10 for each stadium in each category, which were then averaged and weighted as above — giving an objective final ranking.

    There are complexities to each category. A ground’s atmosphere can depend on the form of a team, the status of the opposition and whether the floodlights are on.

    Equally, your matchday experience can be influenced by how safe you feel or how swiftly stewards deal with an abusive or racist supporter nearby.

    As for the aesthetics, stadium architectural historian Simon Inglis said most grounds “are simply an agglomeration of decisions made by different directors over different eras in different circumstances. I hold my hand up to extolling a shambles over a masterplan and prefer asymmetry and quirky angles to a uniform bowl, but I also appreciate that a uniform bowl will almost always be functionally superior”.

    Our working panel and consultation included Inglis, our own writers, which includes a broad cross-section of match-going supporters, and guidance from the Football Supporters’ Association.


    20. Vitality Stadium

    Team: Bournemouth

    Capacity: 11,307

    First used: 1910

    The main stand at what was originally named Dean Court carries the Bournemouth crest and below it, a slogan: “Together, anything is possible”. Few things could be more apt. Completely rebuilt in 2001, the stadium finally got its fourth stand in 2013 after the club survived administration. Since then, it has become a regular Premier League feature.

    Best bits: There is a neatness and conformity to the Vitality Stadium. The compact stands are close to the action and provide uninterrupted views and the whole ground does not try to be something it isn’t. Instead it is humble, which may explain its presence at the bottom of this list, but some will also view that as its charm.

    Where it falls short: There’s little discernible character. The support is welcoming but everything feels a bit temporary, like the real ground will be built at some point in the future. The images of past glories on the side of each stand are a nice feature but struggle to inspire.

    What I love about the place: It is a cobbled-together ground and wouldn’t look out of place in the lower rungs of the EFL, with the club’s training complex adjacent to the Ted MacDougall Stand. That part of the ground remains a temporary building, put up quickly when Bournemouth were promoted to the Championship. The stadium is situated in a leafy part of Dorset and near a dog-walking route that cuts between the ground and Bournemouth’s compact training facility. The charm of the ground has contributed to them punching above their weight.” – Jacob Tanswell, football writer

    Verdict: If you are in the area and a game is on (with tickets available), then you should catch it, but no one is going to shame you if there are other grounds higher on your list.

    19. Kenilworth Road

    Team: Luton Town

    Capacity: 11,050

    First used: 1905

    Luton’s home for more than 100 years was one of the stories of the summer following the club’s promotion. Kenilworth Road, which last hosted the top flight in 1992, is like a football museum. A working example of how football grounds first established themselves with mostly wooden, low-roofed, shallow terraces that have since seen seats installed. Those stands sit alongside a new, temporary Bobbers Stand that enables the ground to fulfil its Premier League obligations. The Oak Stand entrance through nearby houses is now known globally. The ground’s days are numbered, with Luton set to build a new purpose-built stadium across town.

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    Best bits: There is nothing like the cauldron of noise that can be generated in a ground like Kenilworth Road. Everything feels so close. The sound consumes. It may be well short of the stature enjoyed by most Premier League venues, yet you won’t hear an atmosphere like it. The walk into the away end through neighbouring terraced housing really is fun, too.

    Where it falls short: There is limited legroom, posts galore and a roof that is likely to obscure your view. Accessibility was also considered poor, although improvements have since been introduced as part of the recent redevelopment.

    What I love about the place: “All its peculiarities and rough edges embody the Luton story and how far we have come. Each stand has a unique character. Draped flags lionise club greats and protest past wrongs inflicted on the club by over-zealous authorities. The re-jigged Bobbers Stand is just the latest example of the club being dragged kicking and screaming into the next phase of modern football.

    “But the individual stories and who you go with (parents, grandparents, partners, children) are what make it so personal. Your first game (Preston North End). Your worst game (Kettering Town). Your best game (Sunderland). They are the memories. Eventually, we will move into a nice-looking new stadium, which will bring financial security and less mockery from opposition fans. It will probably look lovely on TV, but it won’t be home. Not for a long time.” – Alex Brodie, content editor (and Luton fan)

    Verdict: Get there and soak up a rare atmosphere while you still can. Just don’t expect comfortable surroundings.

    18. Selhurst Park

    Team: Crystal Palace

    Capacity: 25,486

    First used: 1924

    One of the venues for the 1948 Summer Olympics, Selhurst Park is a traditional ground that has preserved its character while picking up enough updates. The newest part of the ground is the striking Holmesdale Road Stand, completed in 1994. You may well recognise the stadium as Nelson Road, the fictional home of AFC Richmond in Ted Lasso. Plans for a £150million ($185m) redevelopment of Selhurst Park are in place, with most of the formal barriers now cleared.

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    Best bits: Palace take pride in their home atmosphere. The Holmesdale Fanatics lead by example with flags and chants throughout the 90 minutes. The soul at Selhurst Park is viewed among the best in the country and there is a community warmth around the place that can be hard to find at other clubs in London.

    Where it falls short: Parking is a struggle. There will also be obstructions to your view — especially in the away end — and accessibility is poor in places.

    What I love about the place: “Selhurst Park is not the most glamorous stadium, but it has character and history. Next year will mark its centenary, just as work to replace the Main Stand is hoped to start. Combine that with an atmosphere often hailed as the envy of other Premier League clubs and there is something special about it. Just don’t try to drive there.” — Matt Woosnam, Crystal Palace correspondent

    Verdict: Selhurst Park is definitely a matchday atmosphere to savour and a classic ground to take in, whether you want to see Roy Hodgson or imagine Ted Lasso watching on from the dugout.

    17. Turf Moor

    Team: Burnley

    Capacity: 21,744

    First used: 1883

    Home to Burnley for 140 years and counting, Turf Moor is one of the world’s oldest football stadiums. Only Preston’s Deepdale has enjoyed longer unbroken service than Turf Moor and recent investment has raised the standards of the facilities after a few too many years of neglect.

    Best bits: Burnley is a proper football town and it feels like it. The stadium regularly averages crowds over 20,000 in a town with a population of little more than 90,000, making it one of the best-supported clubs per capita in England. There’s the tidier look, new video screens, painted wooden seats and a lovely backdrop of rolling hills. You may even get to catch some action at the neighbouring Burnley Cricket Club, which backs onto one of the stands.

    Where it falls short: All places get cold, but Turf Moor can feel particularly chilly. You may or may not get a good view of the pitch and two of the stands could do with the same renovation treatment as their opposite ends.

    What I love about the place: There is a charm to Turf Moor that gives it an authentic old-school football feel. It has character, history, tradition, compact concourses and now digital advertising boards. The one feature that marks it out is the view. Sit in the press box at the top of the North Stand and admire the old mill town and surrounding area. A thing of beauty you never tire of and when the visiting team’s correspondent arrives, you can guarantee they will point it out. Combine that with ‘Kompanyball’ at its best and the atmosphere it can generate… quality.” – Andy Jones, Burnley correspondent

    Oliver Kay says: I cannot understand how it’s so low. A functional stadium rather than an attractive one, but it has an old-world charm, slightly more rugged than Craven Cottage. I suspect a north-south divide here. That view from the top of the Bob Lord Stand of the chimneys and hills beyond is something to savour. And there aren’t many better away ends.

    Verdict: Take a coat and enjoy one of English football’s oldest venues that still carries plenty of charm.

    16. The American Express Stadium

    Team: Brighton & Hove Albion

    Capacity: 31,876

    First used: 2011

    Situated in Falmer on the outskirts of Brighton, the Amex is not so much the home of a club as the sign of its rebirth. Brighton had been homeless for 16 years after the board of directors voted to sell the club’s previous Goldstone Ground home to developers without arranging a replacement. The club fought through the peril and earned Premier League football within six years of moving to its impressive, £93million home.

    Best bits: Your matchday ticket also acts as a voucher for free travel. The facilities for supporters include padded seats and ample legroom. The design is appealing and there is even the charm of depicting white seagulls among the sea of blue seats. The stadium’s accessibility has been awarded the gold standard centre of excellence by charity and stadium auditors Level Playing Field.

    Where it falls short: It just doesn’t feel or look right to have such small seating areas behind each goal. This is where supporters suck the ball into the net, don’t they know? Although transport is free, the remote location of the ground means there are no real alternatives when it fails. There are also limited refreshment options beyond the club facilities, which tend to be more expensive and don’t provide shelter from the weather.

    What I love about the place: The Amex is neat, well-equipped and fit for purpose. A near-32,000-seater stadium set in a bowl on the eastern outskirts of the city. Above all, it symbolises the spirit of the club and its supporters. Together they fought back from two years of ground sharing with Gillingham 75 miles away and 12 years at Withdean, a converted athletics track that was supposed to be a temporary home back in the city before a drawn-out saga for permission to build the Amex. A facelift after 12 years has given the stadium a fresh feel for the club’s first season in Europe.” – Andy Naylor, Brighton correspondent

    Verdict: Brighton are on to a good thing; their stadium sums up perfectly where they have come from and who they now aspire to be.

    15. Craven Cottage

    Team: Fulham

    Capacity: 24,500

    First used: 1896

    Craven Cottage’s history of hosting Fulham dates back more than 125 years and it represents one of the more idiosyncratic stadiums in England. It is named after a cottage built by William Craven in 1780, which still stands in one corner of the ground. The ornate frontage of the historic Johnny Haynes Stand — the oldest remaining stand in English professional football — runs along the length of the ground. Now standing opposite it is the redeveloped Riverside Stand.

    Best bits: There is a lot to like and experience when visiting Craven Cottage. The walk from Putney Bridge along the bank of the River Thames is one of the most enjoyable journeys to an English ground.

    Where it falls short: Tickets are not cheap. Fulham supporters already feel like they have been asked to bear the brunt of the cost of that new Riverside Stand through higher ticket prices.

    go-deeper

    What I love about the place: “The walk to Craven Cottage sets it apart. A rite of passage. Across the bridge, through Bishops Park, along the rows of terraced houses and then, somehow, a football ground hidden behind a listed brick facade attached to the cottage itself, tucked away in the corner. There is no football stadium like it, especially now it combines the modernity of the new Riverside Stand with the tradition and history of the wooden seats opposite. But it’s the stroll on a sunny day that makes it unique. It’s why travelling supporters enjoy it and why Fulham fans have fought so hard to make sure developers could never touch it.” — Peter Rutzler, Fulham correspondent

    Verdict: There will be bigger, louder and more intense places to visit, but few are as warm and picturesque as Craven Cottage.

    14. Goodison Park

    Team: Everton

    Capacity: 39,414

    First used: 1892

    Goodison is iconic. No stadium has hosted more games of English top-flight football. It was the first purpose-built stadium in England when it opened and the first to introduce dugouts for managers. Everton were also the first club to have a church attached to its stadium: the cosy St Luke’s serves tea, toast and memorabilia to match-goers before games. A new stadium on Bramley-Moore Dock is set to replace Goodison during next season, with the old stadium redeveloped for homes and commercial use.

    Best bits: Goodison Park is football vintage. It holds in noise to guttural levels and provides an experience far closer and more stirring than others. Designed by Archibald Leitch, also look out for the criss-cross balustrades that underpin its architectural design and underline the ground’s enduring charm.

    Where it falls short: There is no avoiding the pillars obstructing your view. It is the Premier League stadium with the highest percentage of restricted-view seats. There is little room for supporter facilities other grounds can offer, or much legroom.

    What I love about the place: “If absence makes the heart grow fonder, then Everton’s imminent farewell to Goodison Park is already intensifying emotions among supporters. The Old Lady may be a pensioner among the top flight’s other modern super stadia, but it is a venerable old dear, bursting with history, tradition and memories to go with the fraying paint and obstructed views. Wedged into terraced streets on three sides, those matchday smells of chippies, beer and police horse muck are — like the ground itself — lingering reminders of a bygone age.” — Greg O’Keeffe, football writer

    Oliver Kay says: By goodness, it has seen better days. It’s a relic now, a symbol of a club that has regrettably been left behind in the Premier League and its days are numbered. Everything about the place — the noise and smells as you walk down Goodison Road, the peeling paint in the concourses and stairwells, the appalling lack of legroom — feels like stepping back in time. And in the age of homogenised, identikit new stadiums, it is all the more appealing for that. Everton have to move on, but it will be a sad, sad day when they leave.”

    Verdict: The beloved ground will not be around for much longer and is worth a visit for that reason alone. It will be missed once it’s gone.

    13. Bramall Lane

    Team: Sheffield United

    Capacity: 32,050

    First used: 1855

    Bramall Lane is the oldest football stadium in the world still hosting matches. The four stands cling to the sides of the pitch and loom over the action — and that is despite being originally built to host cricket. It sits near the city centre, yet is a significant distance from the Hillsborough home of rivals Sheffield Wednesday. Steeped in history and character, it has its quirks but also comes across as pretty well-kept. The South Stand’s wooden seats were only removed in 2005.

    Best bits: There can be few more intimidating atmospheres in English football than the one generated inside Bramall Lane. The noise lingers and swells as if stuck under the roof and the authenticity of the place means it feels like little has substantially changed through the years. It is the stadium that defines what a “difficult place to go” looks like and being on the right side of that is always more fun.

    Where it falls short: Being on the opposite side of that atmosphere is not as enjoyable and the home support can make things intimidating for away supporters when the mood turns. Views can be interrupted by pillars and there is little to get excited about around the stadium itself. Accessibility across the stadium is limited and there is also the depressing sight of the stadium’s hotel, which has stood unused since 2020.

    What I love about the place: “In many ways, Bramall Lane is a throwback to the days before dozens of new stadiums came along looking exactly like the one before — other than the colour of the seats. And that’s a good thing. On a night, the atmosphere positively fizzes. The lack of fans in 2020-21 due to the Covid-19 pandemic goes a long way to explaining why Chris Wilder’s United tanked so horribly in their second Premier League season.” — Richard Sutcliffe, football writer

    Verdict: The sort of place the Premier League misses when it’s not there, a piece of history that continues to stand the test of time and home to one of the most vociferous atmospheres across English football.

    12. The City Ground

    Team: Nottingham Forest

    Capacity: 30,404

    First used: 1898

    All but the first 14 years of Forest’s existence have been at The City Ground. The stadium sits on the bank of the River Trent and there have been plans since 2019 to redevelop the Peter Taylor Stand. They were granted planning permission last year, although the stadium’s proximity to the river may complicate matters.

    Best bits: The stadium is in a beautiful spot at the heart of Nottingham, with the river a welcome neighbour. Trent Bridge crosses the river and is a hive of activity on a matchday. Then, inside the ground, the belting anthem of Mull of Kintyre sung just before kick-off is an iconic sound in English football, taking the entire ground right back to their English title and European successes of the late 1970s. The home atmosphere has been rejuvenated in recent seasons.

    Where it falls short: The City Ground has character but little comfort. The PA system volume can be erratic and there is a chance you will have a post obstructing your view. It has also ranked as one of the more limited Premier League grounds for accessibility.

    What I love about the place: “The City Ground has always been special, but it is the people, as much as the place, that has made it Forest’s biggest asset in recent years. Steve Cooper’s fist pumps, the spectacular Forza Garibaldi banners, Brennan Johnson, Ryan Yates and Joe Worrall helping fire their club to success. The deafening, almost physical wall of noise helped drive Forest into the Premier League and helped keep them there. For so long, it was a museum, a place of history. Now there is excitement for the future.” — Paul Taylor, Forest correspondent

    Verdict: There is little new and shiny about the place, just a powerful atmosphere and a deeply ingrained history.

    11. Etihad Stadium

    Team: Manchester City

    Capacity: 53,400

    First used: 2003

    Originally built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, the City of Manchester Stadium was converted into a purpose-built football stadium at a cost of £40million. That conversion means it feels much more like a football venue than the London Stadium. In 2003, Manchester City moved in and, following the club’s takeover by the Abu Dhabi United Group in 2008, the stadium sits in one of the most impressive football sites in Europe, with the Etihad Campus just across the road. The stadium design maximises sunlight and ventilation for the playing surface, which is regarded as one of the best in England. Expansion of the South Stand was completed in 2015 and there are plans for further redevelopment of the stadium over the coming three years.

    Best bits: It is akin to visiting a football theme park, with restaurants, stages for bands and activities for supporters spread around the site. Inside, the stadium carries an aura given City have set about winning every trophy going. With Jack Grealish, Erling Haaland and Kevin De Bruyne on the pitch, you know a seat guarantees the very best in action, alongside all the facilities and connectivity of a state-of-the-art stadium, which was lso awarded Level Playing Field’s centre of excellence award for accessibility.

    Where it falls short: It is hard not to visit the Etihad and think about Maine Road. The club’s spiritual home saw a constant rollercoaster and delivered one of the great atmospheres in English football. The Etihad is many things but may never have that final piece of intangible soul that sits in the old stands. Away supporters being housed over three tiers does little to help the atmosphere.

    What I love about the place: You’d have to say the Etihad is one of the toughest grounds to go to in top-level European football these days. Pep Guardiola’s team is a large reason for that, but the fans can generate an atmosphere for the biggest games that seems to give the players an extra push. Just ask Real Madrid. As for the physical building, it’s one that’s always evolving. The curious mixture of sky blue and concrete grey will look very modern once the North Stand redevelopment is concluded and the new live music venue next door is up and running.” — Sam Lee, Manchester City correspondent

    Verdict: Unfairly nicknamed ‘Emptyhad’ by rivals, the Etihad gets a harder rap than it deserves. Given the team’s trophy haul and the high-quality fan experience, we all know who is having the last laugh.

    10. London Stadium

    Team: West Ham United

    Capacity: 62,500

    First used: 2016

    London’s Olympic Stadium underwent a three-year, £274million renovation after controversially being handed to West Ham. The club was awarded a 99-year lease and pays an annual rent of £2.5million. The stadium is still used for other sports. UK Athletics has annual use and Major League Baseball games have also been hosted.

    Best bits: Set in the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, London Stadium has expansive surroundings and the genuine feel of a big, international venue. There is plenty of space, excellent facilities and a good atmosphere outside the stadium on a matchday.

    Where it falls short: The elephant in the room is the number of elephants you can fit into the stadium. The pitch feels distant and so does everyone else in the stadium. These are problems you will find in any football ground that also features an athletics track. Had Tottenham Hotspur’s bid to take over the site been successful, they would have knocked the stadium down and rebuilt it. Anyone who attended ‘Super Saturday’ in August 2012, when the British Olympic team won three gold medals inside the stadium, would vouch for the noise and atmosphere that can be created inside, but as hard as West Ham try, the experience of the London Stadium struggles to match the spectacle.

    What I love about the place: It will never truly feel home to West Ham supporters due to their strong connection to the Boleyn Ground, but the electric atmosphere on European nights at the London Stadium is special. There have been so many memorable moments, from Andriy Yarmolenko’s winner in the last-16 Europa League tie against Sevilla to Michail Antonio’s goal in the Europa Conference League semi-final first-leg victory over AZ Alkmaar. Those moments make the place come alive.” — Roshane Thomas, West Ham correspondent

    Verdict: There are issues — it can offer one of the least engaging atmospheres in England’s top flight – but the amenities, facilities and experience of visiting an impressive venue in part make up for that.

    9. Stamford Bridge

    Team: Chelsea

    Capacity: 40,173

    First used: 1877

    Chelsea are one of only a few clubs to play at the same stadium since they were formed, but there is something utterly unrecognisable from the ground Chelsea were playing at just 30 years ago. Redevelopment of the stands, the removal of the greyhound racing track and the building of all manner of hotels and restaurants means the stadium itself is almost hidden inside the hodgepodge of buildings that make up Chelsea Village. Expanding the stadium or moving away have proven equally problematic.

    Best bits: There are few stadiums of the size of Stamford Bridge that make everything feel so close to the pitch, probably because it would now be almost impossible to design it alongside the required space and amenities. Still, that closeness creates an authentic feel inside the stadium despite its exclusive west London setting and opulent exterior.

    Where it falls short: There really is little to get excited about as you approach the ground. No view. No teasing floodlights. It just looks like you’re visiting a hotel shopping complex. Quite frankly, a club with Chelsea’s aspirations needs a bigger stadium and a future away from Stamford Bridge has been discussed. This is another stadium in a prime location where transport links can buckle on a matchday.

    What I love about the place: “As each year goes by, Chelsea’s ground shows more signs of age and is overtaken in size and facilities by new, shinier versions built by rivals… but there is no other place Chelsea fans would rather be. Stamford Bridge is unique: the supporters, courtesy of Chelsea Pitch Owners, actually own the freehold to the ground. The club cannot move sites and keep the name Chelsea without getting enough votes from the CPO first.

    “A club mocked for a lack of history are still at their traditional home. The team’s deteriorating form has dampened the atmosphere, but a blast of One Step Beyond by Madness after a big win gets people dancing in the stands like nowhere else.” — Simon Johnson, Chelsea correspondent

    Verdict: Given Chelsea’s journey over the past 30 years, this may be one club that needs to move if it is to maximise its future, but Stamford Bridge remains an archetypal stop on any tour.

    8. Gtech Community Stadium

    Team: Brentford

    Capacity: 17,250

    First used: 2020

    Having enjoyed the compact home comforts of Griffin Park and a public house on each corner since 1904, Brentford’s switch to their £71million new home was quite the departure. Plans had been in the works for almost two decades, but the new stadium finally arrived in time for the remarkable rise to the Premier League.

    Best bits: The stadium is cleverly designed to fit into a triangle of land just off the M4. Space and comfort are all here and it is compact enough for the stands to feel attached to the action. Transport links are good and there is a community feel about the place.

    Where it falls short: The design is fun but unlikely to persuade you to visit. The transport links are good but you could be forgiven for using a map and compass to find your way there on foot or by car.

    What I love about the place: “It is one of the smallest grounds in the top two divisions but none of that detracts from its charm. Brentford’s home is close to the Thames and there is nothing better than stopping for a drink at one of the riverside pubs before watching Thomas Frank’s side take on one of the ‘Big Six’ on a roasting summer’s day. Just ask Manchester United fans.” — Jay Harris, Brentford correspondent

    Verdict: A proud home for Brentford, a mark of how far the club has come and a comfortable and enjoyable venue for football.

    7. Villa Park

    Team: Aston Villa

    Capacity: 42,530

    First used: 1897

    It is far from the biggest ground, yet there is something classically ornate and reliable about Villa Park. Villa’s home for well over a century, in the days before the new Wembley Stadium, Villa Park was used for more FA Cup semi-finals than any other ground. Significant redevelopment of the North Stand is on its way.

    Best bits: A proper ground full of tradition and character, the Holte End especially. It is as good to look at from the outside as it is to experience from the inside, especially on a good day. When Villa Park rocks, the whole of Birmingham shakes.

    Where it falls short: At times, Villa’s long and prestigious history has weighed heavy and when things are not going well, Villa Park can be quiet and unassuming. The ground comes with accessibility issues and has areas primed for redevelopment by its owners.

    What I love about the place: A packed-out Villa Park, when in full voice, is a special place to be. The Holte End towers over the pitch and creates a wonderful, unique atmosphere. When it gets going there is no place quite like it and it’s little surprise more than 30,000 people are on the waiting list for a season ticket. While there are issues around the ground with public transport and the North Stand looks a little dated, its traditional charm is still warming. When cup semi-finals were held here, visiting supporters loved it just as much as the locals.” — Gregg Evans, football writer

    Oliver Kay says: The tragedy of Villa Park is they demolished the old Trinity Road Stand, which was a thing of beauty. Of all the famous stands lost in the rush to modernise during the 1990s and 2000s, there were few more striking. Thank goodness they preserved the Holte End with its imposing red-brick exterior. Is there a more handsome stand in English football? And the upcoming redevelopment of the North Stand will enhance the old-meets-new feel of a stadium that is widely recognised among the best in the Premier League.”

    Verdict: Getting to Villa Park for a big game to watch an in-form Villa can be as good and authentic as it gets.

    6. Molineux

    Team: Wolverhampton Wanderers

    Capacity: 31,750

    First used: 1889

    Molineux has been home to Wolves for more than 130 years. It was the first stadium built for use by a Football League club and among the first to have floodlights installed and host European club games. Its name originates from Benjamin Molineux, who purchased the land during the 18th century. The modern stadium was built following Sir Jack Hayward’s takeover of the club in 1990 after serious financial issues. A new two-tier Stan Cullis Stand was opened in 2012.

    Best bits: Whatever Wolves’ issues with identity on the pitch, their Molineux home is truly distinctive, with warm, inviting architecture. It is a short walk from the city centre, the facilities are modern and the atmosphere is raucous. A quick walk around the ground is worth the effort, showing off how the stadium is cut into the land. Hopefully, you will also clock the statue of Wolves legend Billy Wright.

    Where it falls short: The home support can be intimidating and it may not be the best place to walk around on your own in your away shirt. It is another ground with limited parking nearby, too. There are a lot of pubs nearby but few allow away supporters inside.

    What I love about the place: “Let’s talk about the statues. The figures of Stan Cullis and Billy Wright, in particular, are among the best footballing tributes you will find anywhere. Let’s talk about the pre-match music. Hi Ho Silver Lining, obviously, but Kashmir is even better. When you have Robert Plant around, why not? Then there’s the location; a short stroll from the station and city-centre pubs, not stuck out of town on a retail park. It needs sprucing up in places but so do a few cathedrals, which is what Molineux is; a footballing cathedral at the centre of its community.” — Steve Madeley, Wolves correspondent

    Oliver Kay says: Molineux is a gem, but that wasn’t always the case. When I first went in 1982, it was a dump with an inexplicable 20-yard gap between the pitch and one of the stands. Even to my young eyes, it was a total eyesore. But I love it now. The design is slightly eccentric but it works, as does the old-gold colour scheme. Inside, particularly around the media suite and the executive boxes, the club’s proud history is rightly flaunted. And it’s a five-minute walk from the city centre. Seriously, what’s not to like?

    Verdict: Molineux has a perfect balance of modern facilities and an authentic atmosphere to rival anywhere in the country.

    5. Anfield

    Team: Liverpool

    Capacity: 61,276

    First used: 1884

    Apart from its first seven years when it was home to Everton, Anfield has served Liverpool from its perch on the edge of Stanley Park. It has continually evolved, adding tributes to legendary figures and more recently adding extra seats. That has seen off the need to move away from the club’s much-loved home. Now Anfield sits high above the trees and dominates the view as much as it does the lives of the city’s red-hearted residents.

    Best bits: There is a poignancy in finding a moment to reflect at the ground’s Hillsborough memorial, while watching and listening to the entire ground sing You’ll Never Walk Alone before kick-off is one of football’s special experiences. Anfield can take you on a wild ride you may not want to end.

    Where it falls short: The stadium has felt in a state of redevelopment for a few years and issues with the Buckingham Group, which was overseeing the rebuild of the Anfield Road end, have prolonged that perception. Once completed, Anfield will feel like it has been given another fresh lease of life. That is also likely to make matchday road congestion significantly worse.

    What I love about the place: I’ll never forget the first time I walked up those red steps and gazed out at the sheer beauty of Anfield. October 27, 1990. Liverpool 2 Chelsea 0. There was no place like it as a wide-eyed 12-year-old and it’s still unsurpassed more than three decades later. The towering Kop, the noise, the flags and that unique ability to inspire and intimidate players in equal measure. Nowhere is capable of producing miracles like Anfield. Don’t take my word for it, this is what Pep Guardiola thinks: “The motto ‘This is Anfield’ is no marketing spin.” — James Pearce, Liverpool correspondent

    Oliver Kay says: I get why people feel it is over-mythologised. The ‘famous European night’ cliche must sound pretty trite for opposition fans whose only experience of Anfield is a run-of-the-mill Premier League game on one of those Saturday afternoons when the Kop seems to be nursing a collective hangover. But I don’t think my ears have ever recovered from the semi-final second legs against Chelsea in 2005 and Barcelona in 2019. On nights like that, the place seems to take on a life of its own. One of the best things Fenway Sports Group did was scrap the previous owners’ plans for a new stadium.

    “From certain vantage points, it is almost unrecognisable, but when the Anfield atmosphere is at its most raucous, it is unmistakable — possibly unrivalled.

    Verdict: A bucket-list item for any Liverpool fan and probably any fan of football.

    4. Emirates Stadium

    Team: Arsenal

    Capacity: 60,704

    First used: 2006

    Replacing the iconic surrounds of Highbury, the Emirates is now in its 18th season as Arsenal’s home. It cost £390million to build, which was funded solely by the club. Arsenal are yet to win a league title since it was opened — but are closer than ever.

    Best bits: Supporter facilities are excellent. Arsenal’s on-pitch performances have improved the atmosphere, too. One thing you do sense walking up to the Emirates is its ‘Arsenalisation’. Since 2009, supporters have helped bring club history and soul with murals and imagery. The stadium’s accessibility has also been awarded the gold standard centre of excellence by Level Playing Field.

    Where it falls short: At times under Arsene Wenger, it felt like the Emirates hampered Arsenal’s ability to improve on the pitch. Maybe that was unfair, but it made for an often unhappy stadium to visit. That feeling has eased in recent seasons, unlike the cost of refreshments. There are London Underground stations nearby but that proximity can also cause major congestion outside.

    What I love about the place: “Arsenal’s relationship with the Emirates is a funny one. It will always be held up against Highbury and for its first 15 years, it paled in comparison. Recently, however, the supporters have made it feel more like home. The atmosphere has improved since the return of crowds in 2021 and everybody seems to be benefiting. Memories are being created and additions outside the stadium, including Wenger’s statue and new artwork, have also solidified the connection between the club and its people.” – Art de Roche, Arsenal correspondent

    Verdict: The Emirates has its critics but it now delivers the atmosphere, facilities, accessibility and product any sports fan would expect from the Premier League.

    3. Old Trafford

    Team: Manchester United

    Capacity: 74,031

    First used: 1910

    The embodiment of Manchester United’s original Premier League success. The stadium ballooned to its current size — the third largest in the United Kingdom and 14th in Europe — due in part to their domination of the division. Redevelopments ceased in 2006 and Old Trafford is in need of renovation simply to return to its previous standards.

    Best bits: The scale of the place is mighty and it comes with a special atmosphere. Most views inside the stadium are excellent and outside, United’s rich history is embraced by statues of Sir Matt Busby, three of their 1968 European Cup winners (Sir Bobby Charlton, George Best and Denis Law), and a clock and plaque to remember the victims of the Munich air disaster.

    Where it falls short: There are clear issues — parts look out of date, roofs leak following heavy rain and a lack of commercial areas is hitting revenue. Not all of that is a supporters’ concern, but it will form United’s opinion on whether to renovate or relocate. Surprisingly, there are some areas of restricted view and most of the stadium provides legroom that even those below average height might find a squeeze.

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    What I love about the place: “Redeveloping Old Trafford is essential. The last major upgrades were signed off before the Glazers took control. Despite this, the stadium itself remains one of huge character and history. Appearing on the Manchester horizon, its structure is distinctive and striking. Once inside, the proximity of the seats to each other and the pitch generates a crackling atmosphere.” — Laurie Whitwell, Manchester United correspondent

    Oliver Kay says: People were always a bit grudging about Old Trafford when it was in its pomp in the 2000s. A bit too shiny and perfect for traditional tastes. Stereotypes about daytrippers and corporate fans in executive boxes eating “their prawn sandwiches”, as Roy Keane famously put it. It was always a brilliant stadium though and it still is. It was so extensively modernised in the 1990s that it didn’t look, feel or smell as historic as Anfield, Goodison Park or Highbury. But it feels historic now. That’s one upside of neglect. The upside of a difficult decade on the pitch is a more raw, visceral atmosphere than commonly portrayed.”

    Verdict: Old Trafford is a temple of English football and for as long as it is standing, it will be worth a visit.

    2. St James’ Park

    Team: Newcastle United

    Capacity: 52,257

    First used: 1892

    The long-term home of Newcastle United, St James’ Park sits on a hill at the centre of the city. It is as if everything is drawn to the beacon that protrudes the skyline. The ground is lopsided given the vast redevelopment of two stands in 1998 and it can look architecturally cold and clinical, but it provides an atmosphere as authentic as any in the Premier League.

    Best bits: That big-game aura and the fact you can see the ground from so many points in the city establishes its sense of importance. The stadium is equally impressive inside. It is one of the more respectful welcomes travelling supporters will receive, especially if you return the respect. You can do that by visiting three of the statues outside the stadium that mark the legendary contributions of Alan Shearer, Bobby Robson and Jackie Milburn.

    Where it falls short: Away fans are put in a top tier as far away as possible from the action, which is unfair to those who make the trip and in conflict with rules that suggest away fans should be pitchside.

    What I love about the place: “I can’t believe there’s a better atmosphere anywhere than St James’ Park right now: paint-peeling noise, the sensory overload of Wor Flags and, after so much division, everybody in it together. What makes the stadium so special is its location, slap-bang in the middle of the city, looming over it, setting the mood and once again drawing people towards it.” – George Caulkin, senior writer (based in Newcastle)

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    Verdict: The pride in Newcastle runs deep. Hence some of our north-east contingent questioning why St James’ Park isn’t top. It is one of the country’s proper football cathedrals and a fantastic place to watch a game.

    1. Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

    Team: Tottenham Hotspur

    Capacity: 62,850

    First used: 2019

    The basics: London’s biggest club stadium was built on the spot of Spurs’ previous home for 118 years, White Hart Lane. A £1billion project to redevelop the north London site replaced one traditional football venue with a stunning, modern sibling. It was also built to become a London home for the NFL and includes a retractable gridiron.

    Best bits: The little details that point out the geographical relevance to White Hart Lane, such as a white circle on the floor that marks the previous centre spot. Then there is the 17,500-capacity South Stand. Despite being a bowl, the raking, double-tier stand draws attention, creates atmosphere and provides the perfect canvas for a supporter mosaic.

    Where it falls short: Modern can mean clinical and, at times, walking through the concourses you would be forgiven for thinking you were in an airport. Expensive stadiums often lead to expensive experiences and most Spurs supporters would lead their gripes with the cost of their matchday. Transport links on matchday can get clogged.

    What I love about the place: “Spurs’ on-pitch performances may not have been the envy of Europe over recent years, but nobody could fail to be impressed by their stadium. It increased the capacity from 36,000, gave fans more spacious concourses, incredible pitch views from every position and, famously, pints that magically fill from the bottom. It hasn’t been an entirely positive transition — there has been little improvement to transport infrastructure and ticket prices are ludicrous – but there can be little doubt Spurs’ new home is the best in the Premier League.” – James Maw, editor and regular on The View from the Lane podcast

    Verdict: Perhaps this is a victory for modern, commercialised football over the more organic qualities of its past. Still, sit inside the stadium and you soon realise its draw: an experience comparable to any live stadium sport across the world.

    Full stadium scoring and rankings

    Ranking Stadium Atmosphere score Atmosphere ranking Experience score Experience ranking Transport/location score Transport/location ranking Design/aesthetics score Design/aesthetics ranking

    1

    Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

    7

    9

    8.4

    1

    6.6

    11

    8.7

    1

    2

    St James’ Park

    7.4

    4

    7.6

    2

    8.1

    1

    7.9

    3

    3

    Old Trafford

    7.3

    5

    7.3

    3

    7.1

    3

    7.4

    6

    4

    Emirates Stadium

    6.7

    12

    7.3

    3

    7.7

    2

    7.6

    5

    5

    Anfield

    7.7

    1

    7.1

    5

    5.7

    13

    8.1

    2

    6

    Molineux

    7

    9

    7

    6

    7.1

    3

    7.4

    6

    7

    Villa Park

    7.2

    6

    6.5

    10

    5.7

    15

    7.2

    8

    8

    Gtech Community Stadium

    5.9

    15

    7

    6

    6.7

    9

    6.3

    13

    9

    Stamford Bridge

    6.1

    13

    6.4

    12

    7.1

    3

    6.6

    10

    10

    London Stadium

    5.8

    16

    6.5

    10

    7

    6

    6.5

    11

    11

    Etihad

    6

    14

    6.6

    8

    6.7

    9

    6.3

    13

    12

    City Ground

    6.8

    11

    5.8

    14

    6.8

    8

    5.8

    17

    13

    Bramall Lane

    7.2

    6

    5.7

    15

    6.3

    12

    6.2

    15

    14

    Goodison Park

    7.7

    1

    5

    18

    5.7

    13

    6.9

    9

    15

    Craven Cottage

    4.7

    18

    5.9

    13

    7

    6

    7.9

    3

    16

    Amex Stadium

    4.6

    19

    6.6

    8

    5.1

    19

    6.4

    12

    17

    Turf Moor

    5.8

    16

    5.7

    15

    5.5

    17

    6.2

    15

    18

    Selhurst Park

    7.5

    3

    4.3

    19

    5

    20

    4.3

    19

    19

    Kenilworth Road

    7.1

    8

    3.8

    20

    5.7

    15

    5

    18

    20

    Vitality Stadium

    4

    20

    5.3

    17

    5.3

    18

    4.3

    19

    (Top photo: Getty Images; design: Sam Richardson)

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    The New York Times

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  • Property, prosperity, power – Saudi influence in Newcastle stretches far beyond football

    Property, prosperity, power – Saudi influence in Newcastle stretches far beyond football

    [ad_1]

    Newcastle is changing.

    It is happening on the pitch — from rock bottom to the Champions League, matches at the San Siro and Parc des Princes, meting out 4-1 thrashings to European heavyweights.

    It is happening at St James’ Park — exploratory conversations to expand the stadium, Strawberry Place back in club hands with planning permission granted for a fan zone, optimism paved into the walk up the Gallowgate.

    And change is happening in the city too. Not just in hearts and minds, but in steel, cement and stonework. Buildings are sprouting along Pilgrim Street, £1.5billion ($1.8bn) of investments has been promised by the city council. While, across the Tyne, the regeneration of the Gateshead quays continues apace.

    On Saturday, it will be two years since a takeover led by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF) purchased 80 per cent of Newcastle United, with the remaining stakes split between Amanda Staveley and the Reuben family.

    “It’s not sportswashing, it’s investment,” said Staveley upon the deal’s completion, addressing criticism of Saudi Arabia’s human rights abuses. In Newcastle, the new ownership arrived at a city in desperate need of just that.

    Just as Mike Ashley levied austerity onto the club, successive governments have done the same to the city, with disastrous results. Since 2010, the council have been forced to make £335million worth of cuts. The North East has the lowest life expectancy of any UK region. Both child poverty and unemployment are 50 per cent higher than the national average.

    In the aftermath of de-industrialisation, with the city’s traditional industries of coal, shipbuilding and steel washed away by the years, sections of the city have been left to decay. Until recent months, the only significant building work has been student housing.

    Further south west, Manchester stands as a precedent. In 2008, Manchester City was taken over by the Abu Dhabi United Group (ADUG), a private equity company with strong links to the UAE government. ADUG insists the two are separate.

    Their ownership structure was one reason why the Premier League approved Newcastle’s own takeover by PIF — but the parallels run deeper. Over the following years, ADUG invested heavily in impoverished parts of east Manchester, proclaiming an intention to build affordable houses and rid the city of its abandoned brownfield sites.

    Good has undoubtedly come from these projects. The area around the Etihad Stadium, once a post-industrial wasteland, is now one of the city’s economic centres. But praise for these developments has not been without its dissenting voices.

    Multiple newspaper reports and academic studies have investigated whether the city was exploited by the scheme — with the council receiving no rental income from what was launched as a joint venture with Abu Dhabi. One investigation, published by the Sunday Times in 2019, was headlined “Manchester, the city that sold out to Abu Dhabi”.

    Newcastle stands at a similar crossroads. With the city in desperate need of regeneration, the club’s ownership have stated their ongoing commitment to that cause — but Manchester demonstrates how pitfalls sit hand in hand with opportunity.

    Like Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia’s economic divestment is intractably linked to its human rights abuses. If Staveley’s assertion that “it’s not sportswashing, it’s investment” is to be accepted, that investment — in Newcastle the city, as well as Newcastle United the club — needs to be scrutinised.

    “The past we inherit, the future we build,” reads the motto of the National Union of Mineworkers, a phrase which still flutters on banners at the region’s iconic Durham Miners’ Gala each year. A symbol of the region’s lost industry, it has scarcely ever felt more prescient.

    This is the story of what is already happening in Newcastle, and what could be to come, from the Reuben family’s investments to Saudi Arabia’s long-term strategy. In so many ways, Newcastle is a city on the edge.


    1. The Reubens

    The Sports Direct signs are set to go. This time, however, it is not taking place on the facade of St James’ Park, one of the takeover’s iterative images, but in the shops of central Newcastle.

    The Reuben family purchased Monument Mall, just north of Grey’s Monument, back in 2021. As part of their plans to launch a rooftop bar on the site, overlooking the stadium, Mike Ashley’s brand was served its notice. Though Sports Direct is moving to nearby Northumberland Street, the symbolism is telling.

    Newcastle is no stranger to the Reubens, long predating the 10 per cent stake in the football club they bought in the takeover.

    Secretive brothers David and Simon, who still lead the family’s business interests (Jamie Reuben is David’s son), bought large sections of Pilgrim Street in 2011, including the old police station, art deco Carliol House, and numerous office spaces. Immediately north of the Tyne Bridge, and formerly part of the A1, the road is one of Newcastle’s key conduits, although one which has fallen into dilapidation over recent decades.

    The Reubens’ plan is a complete regeneration of that area, headlined by a huge new office for HMRC named Pilgrim’s Quarter. Alongside Monument Mall and the Central Arcade, bordering the city’s iconic Grey’s Monument, and Newcastle racecourse to the north of the city, the brothers own a large portion of Newcastle’s most important strategic locations, even setting aside their stake in St James’ Park.


    The Reubens own Central Arcade (Photo: Jacob Whitehead)

    The brothers have publicly stated their investment in the football club and city are linked. Post-takeover, Jamie Reuben said: “We will build a true community club, based upon our family’s knowledge of the city and in line with our plans that have been worked on closely with Newcastle City Council to deliver long-term sustainable growth for the area.”

    Land Registry records show that the Reuben brothers own at least 21 different properties in Newcastle’s city centre via companies registered in the British Virgin Islands — but, of course, the football club’s ownership has been involved in property development before.

    Sir John Hall became majority owner of Newcastle United in 1992. The property magnate had previously been behind the construction of the Gateshead MetroCentre in the 1980s, a major attempt to boost the city’s economy. Under his ownership, Kevin Keegan’s ‘Entertainers’ also helped boost the image of Newcastle as a tourism and partying hotspot.

    “The central fact in the recent history of the club and city is the aftermath of de-industrialisation,” says Alex Niven, an academic, Newcastle fan, and author of The North Will Rise Again, a study of the future facing northern cities. “The Sir John Hall attempt was one early effort at a response and regeneration; the MetroCentre rising out of the post-industrial swamp as a symbol of American consumerism.

    “But Hall is small fry in terms of global capitalism — he’s a multi-millionaire, but the new ownership, with the Saudis, is a completely different order. It’s the same thing: an attempt by ultracapitalists to regenerate the city after de-industrialisation, but it’s just much bigger.”

    Hall has been impressed with the new ownership since the takeover, sensing a similar feeling around the city to the one that existed during the renaissance of the 1990s. Like the Reubens, he owned both the football club and significant sites within the city — and knows how the two can work hand-in-hand.

    “The Reubens are very good developers,” Hall tells The Athletic. “They’re doing major development in the city centre, and Newcastle is a good place to invest. That scheme they’re doing is huge, building new offices for HMRC — and they’ve got a very successful record. When you’ve got people like that at the centre, it helps to change the face of the city.”


    Ongoing building work at a Reuben family property on Pilgrim Street (Photo: Jacob Whitehead)

    Praise for the Reubens has not been ubiquitous. Of course, any property developer wants to turn a profit from their investment, but it is understood there has been anger at the council over the slowness of some aspects of the development. Building work on Pilgrim Street only commenced in early 2022, following the takeover.

    The counter-argument is that these large construction projects need time — there were numerous planning objections to overcome — with Ged Bell, then the council’s cabinet member for employment and investment, calling the Pilgrim Street redevelopment “one of the most important city-centre regeneration opportunities in the north of England”.

    This timing, nevertheless, feels more than coincidental. Local business leaders — who, like others cited in this piece, spoke off-record to protect relationships — expect there to be an element of Saudi investment in the upcoming projects.

    As will become clear, in the North East, Newcastle United is not the only Saudi investment.


    2. From the Middle East to the North East

    Just after the takeover, representatives from PIF travelled to the North East to meet a number of club legends. A number of topics were discussed, amongst them ambassadorial roles.

    Also on the agenda, however, was advice: what could or should be their priority for investment in the city. Hotels? Shops? Housing?

    The message was clear. PIF was not just intending to put money into Newcastle United the club, but into Newcastle the city.

    “It’s an investment in the region full-stop,” says Simon Chadwick, professor of sport and geopolitical economy at SKEMA Business School. “Abu Dhabi has demonstrated that investing in a football club is not just about football alone; it’s about civic engagement and infrastructural development. What I think we’ll see is PIF serving as the conduit for other Saudi Arabian investments, not just in Newcastle but in the North East more generally.”

    That is already being borne out. After Newcastle’s 2-0 win over Arsenal in May 2022, then director Majed Al-Sorour posted a video to LinkedIn, showing the celebrations from the owners’ box. Sat next to him were Staveley, Mehrdad Ghodoussi and Jamie Reuben.

    Notes of congratulations filled the comments of that post. One reads: “Just shows what a bit of investment in the North East can achieve.”

    Al-Sorour replies: “Very soon we will turn to the city and the area together and make them all better.”

    Two other figures are visible in that video, sitting one row in front. Prince Khalid bin Bandar Al Saud is the Saudi ambassador to the UK, and can be seen waving a Newcastle flag. Next to him is his wife, Lucy Cuthbert — niece of the Duke of Northumberland, and a member of the region’s powerful Percy family.

    “A union of the House of Saud and the House of Percy, the genuine article in North East aristocracy,” says Kristian Ulrichsen, fellow for the Middle East at the Baker Institute for Public Policy.

    The Percy family own around eight per cent of Northumberland, as well as extensive properties across Tyneside and London — such as the palatial Syon House in west London. In the North East, their ancestral seat is Alnwick Castle, used by Newcastle United for board meetings, as well as becoming Hogwarts for the first two Harry Potter films.

    It is just one example of how Saudi Arabia is beginning to ingratiate itself with the region’s political elite.

    According to sources in meetings, speaking anonymously, Prince Khalid is well-attuned to the Geordie humour and deeply passionate about investment in the North East. Another added: “He wants something very tangible — he wants results.”

    George Percy, the son and heir of the Duke of Northumberland, studied Arabic at university before going on to work in the Middle East, where he focused on renewable energy — a key investment aim of the Saudi government, which the North East has the capability to provide.

    It is worth going back to the region’s relationship with the Middle East. In some ways, their rise and fall are reflections of each other. Back in the 1970s, as British manufacturing and coal mining collapsed, Saudi Arabia profited from that decade’s oil crisis — charging the hyperdevelopment of the modern kingdom, as well as Mohammed bin Salman’s rule years later.

    Bin Salman wants to divest Saudi Arabia’s economy, moving away from relying on oil and its volatilities. As well as domestic projects, this also comes with major international investments. London has experienced this in recent decades, with European leaders scrambling to secure their own deals.

    For example, Boris Johnson’s trip to Riyadh in March 2022 coincided with the news that one of Saudi Arabia’s largest conglomerates would be investing almost £1billion into sustainable aviation fuel production in Teesside, run by Saudi firm Alfanar. Only weeks earlier, Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), another petrochemical company on Teesside, had revealed plans to decarbonise operations with an £850m investment.

    As these examples demonstrate, renewable energy is a key part of this drive. This March, a delegation of Saudi business figures visited Newcastle to investigate “cleantech” opportunities, while Prince Khalid has said Saudi Arabia wants to generate half of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. Grant Shapps, during his brief stint as the UK’s energy secretary, stated that the Saudi “thirst for a greener future” matches Britain’s.

    In this context, scrambling for domestic investment and international favour, the British government’s influence on the Newcastle takeover process — in which they considered its possible failure to be an “immediate risk” to the United Kingdom’s relationship with Saudi Arabia — makes clear sense. The British government has always denied attempting to influence the takeover or having a role in it.

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    Newcastle’s Saudi takeover: The UK government’s emails revealed

    Last year, Newcastle and the government reached a £1.4billion devolution deal, lauded as creating 24,000 new jobs and leveraging £5bn of private sector investment. The opportunity is rife for further Saudi investment.

    “These are not random investments in random cities,” says Chadwick. “It’s much more considered and strategic. The big advantage for me in Newcastle, and going down the coast, is the rivers going out into the sea.

    “One of PIF’s major priorities is investing in alternative sources of energy. If the North East becomes an alternative energy capital or a sustainable energy capital of Britain, PIF through Newcastle United but also through Saudi Aramco and SABIC already has a presence in the region.”

    In April, the North East Economic Forum (NEEF), a non-profit business organisation, founded the Saudi-North East England Trade and Investment Dialogue, aiming to connect regional leaders with international investors.

    Prince Khalid spoke at its launch, alongside Berwick-upon-Tweed MP Anne-Marie Trevelyan, who has been involved in negotiations with the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council; a trade bloc including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE) at the Department for International Trade.

    Alan Donnelly is chairman of the project, and a former MEP for the North East. He believes that, due to the North East’s links with Saudi Arabia through the football club, they are well positioned to receive first-mover advantage from devolution and any deal with the GCC.

    “If you look at the Saudi economy: it’s booming,” he tells The Athletic. “Britain leaving the EU had an impact on the North East’s economy, so you have to look to other places to try to strengthen the commercial and business relationships.

    “If you look at the North East, we’ve always been outward looking as a coastal community, with trading links to the rest of the world. With football, with the ambassador, the investments on Teesside — the potential is significant.”

    The takeover has been a major spark in this, with business leaders in Saudi Arabia now much more aware of the region. In a trip to Riyadh in late September to discuss potential link-ups in the health economy, Donnelly reports meetings beginning with a discussion of Newcastle’s 8-0 win over Sheffield United, with much of the Saudi elite regarding them as “our club”. That, in turn, has a knock-on effect on investment.

    “I was in Saudi Arabia last week, and I was speaking to the investment ministry, and they’re really keen to build a relationship with the North East of England,” Donnelly adds. “Yesterday, Prince Khalid, the ambassador, just said to me: ‘I’m so excited about the opportunities for northern England with what’s happening in Saudi.’”

    There are already plans for direct flights between Newcastle International Airport and Saudi Arabia, while other opportunities being considered are investments in the health economy, automotive industry, wind energy, the deep-water docks, the digital sector, and Newcastle’s universities. Another potential project being explored is the construction of a small modular nuclear reactor (SMR) during the early 2030s.

    The Financial Times reported in January that SABIC had expressed interest in a proposed £3.8billion battery manufacturing plant in Blyth, which had been set to bring a transformational 3,000 jobs before the project collapsed, but had not made a formal bid.

    “Newcastle United’s ownership triumvirate is a marriage made in heaven,” says Chadwick. “The Saudis are looking to invest in long-term revenue-generating assets, the Reubens know the real estate market, and Amanda Staveley knows them both and has been able to bring them together.

    “I think that essentially, for the Saudi Arabians, (Staveley and the Reubens’) 10 per cent ownership is a commission fee for hunting out other opportunities on Tyneside or the North East more generally.”


    3. Manchester — model or moral?

    This is not the first time Staveley has been involved in this kind of deal. In 2008, she was closely involved in the takeover of Manchester City by ADUG.

    Over the next decade, as City’s on-pitch success grew, the ownership group ploughed money into Manchester, including through its huge property portfolio.

    In 2013, a 10-person team of officials, codenamed Project Falcon, had been collated by the UK government to convince the UAE to invest in the UK, with Freedom of Information requests made by The Guardian revealing ADUG were closely involved with these talks.

    This governmental intervention — capitalising on the links between a football club and foreign investment — is not dissimilar to the circumstances of Newcastle’s takeover.

    The result? Manchester now receives more foreign direct investment (FDI) than any other city in the UK, except for London. For some, their story stands as an example. For others, elements of this path serve as a warning.

    In 2014, ADUG and Manchester City Council set up Manchester Life as a joint venture — a developer equally owned by both parties. The proposed plan (worth some £1billion) seemed simple. The council would provide publicly owned brownfield sites for regeneration, with ADUG providing the finance behind affordable housing.

    “What the club gave Abu Dhabi was this commercial foothold in the city,” says Nick McGeehan, co-author of Easy Cities To Buy, a report by non-profit FairSquare into the investment. “They developed strong links with the political class. And then when the British government wanted this extra investment, Abu Dhabi was well placed to get this massive property deal.”

    As of last July, the development has delivered 1,468 housing units, but questions remain about the deal’s suitability.

    In The Sunday Times’ 2019 article “Manchester, the city that sold out to Abu Dhabi”, it is claimed the council had not received any financial benefit from the arrangement, despite sharing some of the project’s risks. At that time, the council also admitted the project had not met standard affordable housing requirements, with one developer describing it as a “sweetheart deal with Abu Dhabi”.

    Three years later, a report called “Manchester Offshored”, led by academics from the Urban Institute, built on this reporting. They claimed this land, comprising nine sites, was sold to ADUG at a price well under market value and on unusually long 999-year leases. The typical lease length is between 150 and 250 years.

    “Our assessment of the Manchester Life development is that Manchester City Council ‘sold the family silver too cheap’,” the report summarises. “It represents a transfer of public wealth to private hands that is difficult to justify as prudent.”

    Responding to the Urban Institute’s report, a Manchester City Council spokesperson claimed that the land was valued by independent experts, with the deal envisaged as a “longer-term arrangement” that would see the council receiving income in future years.

    When viewed as a timeline, the purchase of Manchester City appears a clear spark for this investment, especially given the land’s location around the Etihad Stadium — though not everyone agrees with that premise.


    Investment has transformed the area around the Etihad Stadium (Michael Regan/Getty Images)

    “I don’t think the UAE needed to buy Manchester City to put money into Ancoats and New Islington, but could have done it separately,” says Tom Forth, head of data at Open Innovations, which studies the economics of northern cities. “In Manchester, the answer to investment is almost always ‘yes’, no matter who you are.”

    Either way, parallels between the UAE’s investment in Manchester and potential Saudi Arabian investments in Newcastle are clear to see. It is understood that Newcastle City Council has seen Manchester’s redevelopment around the Etihad as a positive model.

    Between 2015 and 2020, FDI in the North East has increased from £16.2bn to £24.5bn — but is still only a fraction of the North West’s £73.9bn. Saudi investment represents an opportunity for the region. However, the Manchester Life scheme also shows the risks.

    Jonathan Silver, a senior research fellow at the University of Sheffield, was a co-author of Manchester Offshored.

    “One thing is the potential speed of this investment in Newcastle,” Silver explains. “If you’re already using Manchester as a model, things can be moved forward much quicker, because the blueprint is in place. If it was cobbled together in Manchester, it can be professionalised and accelerated here.”

    In just two years, these foundations have already been laid, with relationships formed between the relevant stakeholders. The government intervened in the takeover. The Saudi ambassador has a personal stake. Organisations have been created to foster Saudi-North East business relationships. Funds set free by devolution await.

    “Newcastle hasn’t had the kind of urban development you’ll find in Leeds, Liverpool, or Manchester,” adds Silver. “Maybe this might be their one shot — and when you’re desperate and you don’t have enough other options available, you’re more likely to give too much away on the financing, the reputational risks, and you do a bad deal.”


    4. Newcastle, the ‘what next?’ of the north

    There may be unease over the identity of the potential investors, but given the city’s disastrous child poverty and unemployment rates, it is clear why Newcastle’s councillors and business leaders are desperate for investment, regardless of its source. These issues are complex and vast, but also pressing and local.

    “This goes back to the failure to invest in cities in the 1980s, particularly with the immediate context of austerity, which just wiped out council budgets,” says Niven. “If someone walks along with a lot of money, they’re going to roll out the red carpet.”

    Newcastle United’s ownership are uniquely positioned to deliver this wider investment. They have the funds, they have the motive, they have the will, and they have the local knowledge.

    “Amanda Staveley is from North Yorkshire, not the North East, but she will be acutely aware of the region’s economic and social circumstances,” adds Chadwick. “You’ve got high rates of poverty, you’ve got high rates of unemployment, you’ve got low rates of business start-ups.


    Amanda Staveley will play an integral role in Newcastle’s future – on and off the pitch (Jacques Feeney/Offside/Offside via Getty Images)

    “This is fertile ground for investors from overseas to move in and serve as something of a saviour to the local population. There’s a view that the central government in London has failed the North East, and so it’s left to Japanese companies, like Nissan, and Gulf investors, like the PIF, to create jobs, create wealth, create the socio-cultural conditions in which people locally can prosper.”

    Local politicians are left in a unique position: they must both encourage investment while ensuring its conditions are the best possible deal for the city. The emotions connected with the football team in a one-club city — and the associated political expediency — is another complicating factor.

    “The importance of Newcastle as a club, as a community within the city, was cherished and nurtured because of its importance to people,” says one individual, speaking anonymously, who served on the council during the takeover. “We’d never have it any other way. There was a desire for the city council to be associated.”

    For example, when the Premier League blocked the first attempt at a takeover in August 2020, Pat Ritchie, the council’s then chief executive, wrote a letter asking to meet to reach a “compromise”. She said the takeover would be “transformational”, adding that “members of the consortium spearheading this deal have made a clear long-term commitment to the city to help drive growth and regeneration.”

    It was notable that when the takeover was completed, tweets from both Jamie Reuben and Ghodoussi thanked Chi Onwurah, Labour MP for Newcastle upon Tyne Central, with the former calling her one of the people “who made this day possible”.

    For her part, Onwurah said at the time she would “continue to talk about sportswashing”, saying before last month’s Saudi Arabia friendly at St James’ Park that “Saudi Arabia, whose sovereign wealth fund is the effective owner of Newcastle United, continues to have one of the most atrocious human rights records in the world… This does not reflect the values of our city.”

    Few political figures have been outwardly critical of Saudi investment — whether in the football club or in the North East more widely. One exception has been Jane Byrne, a councillor for Monument, a ward that includes St James’ Park. As well as opposing the Stack fan zone in Strawberry Place, Byrne also met with pressure group NUFC Fans Against Sportswashing and Saudi human rights activist Lina al-Hathloul. She was the only local politician to do so.

    For the most part, the prevailing political climate is that, given the existing Gulf investment in other UK cities, and Newcastle’s own desperate need for regeneration, the city should not be held to more stringent standards or asked to act any differently.

    After the example of Manchester, however, it is crucial this investment receives full scrutiny. In many ways, Newcastle is more vulnerable given its status as the largest one-club city in the country — especially taking the wider region into account.

    “From north-west County Durham up to the Scottish border, pretty much everyone supports the same team,” explains Niven. “That is almost unique: that identification of a place with a football club. It would be very politically difficult for any councillors or MPs to criticise the club and its current ownership.

    “There’s the beggars-can’t-be-choosers aspect: people feel as if finally someone’s investing in the region. It clearly doesn’t feel like the right kind of investment, given Saudi Arabia’s record. But for most people, you just think, ‘What is the alternative?’. Stay as the most socio-economically depressed part of the country for another 40 years?”

    Since the Saudi takeover, pride has been restored to the football club — achieved through shrewd decision-making, appointing the right people to the right places and significant investment.

    In this light, it is understandable why people may be tempted to hand over the keys to the city along with those to St James’ Park. The search for regeneration’s silver bullet has been decades in the making, with both the Reubens and Saudi ownership offering solutions. To do this without oversight, however, brings with it significant risks.


    The Saudi’s takeover has led to pride being restored to the club and city (Stu Forster/Getty Images)

    Sources at the council insist any potential deals will go through due process.

    There is one central question to all of this. To what extent is the purchase of Newcastle United an end in itself — or do Saudi Arabia’s leadership see it as unlocking the door to a region?

    Given the UAE’s deep links in Manchester, there are competitive, geopolitical reasons to do the same in the North East.

    “They’re certainly very aware of Abu Dhabi’s successful ventures, and there certainly has been a rivalry between the two over the past 25 to 30 years,” says David Butter, a political analyst and associate fellow at Chatham House. “Saudi Arabia wants to emulate and go further than what their Gulf rivals have achieved.”

    In that sense, it is worth thinking of Newcastle, alongside Manchester, as a node in an international network. Qatari interest in Manchester United, alongside their existing investments in London, is another connective string, as Gulf states battle for European outposts.

    “Newcastle is effectively now an actor on the world stage again,” says Silver. “It used to be a powerful economic hub in shaping imperial networks. Now, it plays a very different role in globalisation.”

    These are wider questions over what the future of the north is. Many have felt left behind by a centralised government, with the cancellation of the northern section of HS2 this week just the latest example. International investment — and the influence which comes with it — has been the natural replacement. Eddie Howe has spoken about defiance, about Newcastle being focused on themselves rather than external perceptions, or being considered anyone’s second-favourite team. Given the struggles the region has faced, it is clear why many feel the same way about the city.

    “It goes to the heart of what Britain is in the 21st century,” Silver adds. “It’s where we sit in the post-industrial era since the end of the Empire, how the country has become entangled with the Gulf around economic and defence interests, and how that plays out in people’s everyday lives. The takeover of Newcastle United, and then perhaps the city, is the stage for that wider reflection.”

    A final story. In the 1960s, Newcastle City Council leader T Dan Smith embarked on a radical programme to regenerate the city, razing slums, building the central motorway, and began to lay plans for the Metro system. His council was also at least partially responsible for building civic spaces such as the shopping centre Eldon Square, the Civic Centre, and the airport. In 1974, his reputation collapsed after he was imprisoned on corruption charges.

    But during that heyday, he coined one phrase encapsulating his lofty ideals, drawing on visions of a designed utopia. Newcastle: “Brasilia of the North”.

    A football club in the heart of the city holds the heart of the city’s future. In 20 years’ time, what will have taken Brasilia’s place in that nickname?

    (Top image: iStock; design: Sam Richardson)

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    The New York Times

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  • What Can Newcastle United Realistically Achieve In The Premier League This Season?

    What Can Newcastle United Realistically Achieve In The Premier League This Season?

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    The Premier
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    League has been braced for Newcastle United’s arrival as a formidable force ever since a Saudi Arabia-backed consortium completed a takeover over the club last year. However, few would have predicted the rapid rise of the St James’ Park outfit with Newcastle sitting third in the table heading into the World Cup break.

    Only Liverpool and Manchester City have picked up more Premier League points in 2022 than the Magpies. Their success under Eddie Howe has been sustained over a long period of time, giving weight to the belief that Newcastle United can make their place near the top of the English top flight stick.

    “We’re not looking to set out markers,” Howe said after the impressive 1-0 win over Chelsea. “We are just very pleased with how we have dealt with tonight, we executed our defensive game plan really well. We’ve put ourselves in a good position to hopefully kick on.

    “The break has probably come at a bad time for us. We’d like the games to continue. There is more to come from individuals within the team. There are exciting times ahead, but nothing is guaranteed in football and that is why the work we do in this period is important.”

    Newcastle have spent close to £200m on new players since last year’s takeover. However, that money hasn’t been splashed on big names. Instead, the club has largely targeted young players with the potential to grow and develop further – see the likes of Bruno Guimaraes and Sven Botman.

    Guimaraes in particular has set a precedent for Newcastle United in the transfer market. The Brazilian midfielder is destined for the elite level of soccer and is carrying the Magpies with him. It’s not beyond the realms of possibility that Guimaraes could be in the Champions League next season as a Newcastle player.

    And yet Howe has also got much more out of the players he inherited from his predecessor, Steve Bruce. Miguel Almiron was previously widely maligned for his wastefulness and lack of cutting edge in front of goal, but has now scored seven goals in his last eight appearances for the Magpies.

    Joelinton is another Newcastle United player who has flourished under Howe with the Brazilian now operating in central midfield after previously playing as a centre forward. Howe has a better grasp of what Joelinton can offer his team in the centre of the pitch and is making good use of the 26-year-old.

    Arsenal and Manchester City have been the best two teams in the Premier League so far this season, but the field behind them is wide open and Newcastle United have taken this opportunity to rise up the table. With Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester United and Tottenham Hotspur all struggling for consistent form, the Magpies could end up in the top four by default.

    Financial Fair Play (FFP) rules have stopped Newcastle United from spending as much money in the transfer market as they would have liked, but Howe has been their best signing of the new era so far. Champions League qualification would be a symbol of how far the Magpies have come in a very short space of time.

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    Graham Ruthven, Contributor

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  • Manchester City’s World Cup Call-Ups Could Give Arsenal Edge In Title Race

    Manchester City’s World Cup Call-Ups Could Give Arsenal Edge In Title Race

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    Arsenal are top of the Premier League at Christmas.

    Although the World Cup break means far fewer games would’ve been played by that point than in other seasons, being top at Christmas is often seen as a good omen for a team’s title chances.

    However, fourteen teams have failed to win the Premier League since 1992 after being top at Christmas, including Arsenal in 2002 and 2007.

    This season though, Arsenal go into the World Cup break with a five-point lead over Manchester City in second place.

    And while that break could hurt Arsenal’s momentum, the World Cup itself could hurt Manchester City.

    With most of the World Cup squads already announced, Manchester City have the most call-ups of any side in the Premier League.

    Sixteen players from Manchester City have been called up for the 2022 Qatar World Cup, compared to just ten from Arsenal.

    Predicting who will win the World Cup is no easy task, but City’s players generally play for countries that are likely to go far in the tournament.

    Based on OPTA’s odds of winning the World Cup, Manchester City have 15 players who play for countries with a more than 5% chance of winning the tournament, including five players from England and three from Portugal.

    All these call-ups might have already affected Manchester City, with some pundits suggesting that City’s players had their minds on Qatar during their loss to Brentford at the weekend.

    Arsenal on the other hand have just six players from teams with a more than 5% chance of winning the World Cup, including Gabriel Jesus and Gabriel Martinelli from favorites Brazil.

    They also have one player from a team with between 1% and 5% chance of winning (Switzerland’s Granit Xhaka), and three players from teams with a less than 1% chance of winning.

    This means Arsenal’s players are less likely to be fatigued when the Premier League returns after Christmas, and that head coach Mikel Arteta will have more first team players to work with during Arsenal’s training camp in Dubai.

    Manchester United’s team is in a similar situation as their cross-city rivals. United have 14 players at the World Cup, including twelve from teams likely to go far in the tournament.

    Newcastle United on the other hand have just five players at the World Cup. Eddie Howe’s side have got off to a great start this season, but often sides outside the so-called “Big Six” have less squad depth and start to fall away later in the campaign as fatigue and injuries take their toll. The World Cup break could give Newcastle United a chance to refresh themselves so that they don’t suffer as badly from fatigue as the season goes on.

    Liverpool also have relatively few players at the World Cup. Their seven call-ups are the fewest of any of the “big-six” sides. Having so few players at the World Cup could help Jurgen Klopp turn his side’s fortunes around in the second half of the season.

    Every team in the Premier League has at least two players at Qatar 2022, but for many sides, this World Cup will provide a much-needed chance to recover from a tight Premier League schedule, so that they are ready to go again at the end of December.

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    Steve Price, Senior Contributor

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  • FC Barcelona Want To Negotiate Bruno Guimaraes Signing From Newcastle

    FC Barcelona Want To Negotiate Bruno Guimaraes Signing From Newcastle

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    FC Barcelona want to negotiate the signing of midfielder Bruno Guimaraes Newcastle United.

    The Brazil international has been a breakout star in the Premier
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    League since joining the Toon Army in January after their takeover by the Public Investment Fund.

    Still aged just 24, he may one day outgrow the northeasterners and Barca, according to the British press, want to negotiate his transfer.

    The Sun in the UK says that talks have already begun to see the versatile midfielder in Blaugrana one day.

    At SPORT, they describe Guimaraes as “one of the most complete midfielders in the Premier League at the moment and one of the keys that has taken Newcastle to the top of the table”.

    “He is a pivot with great creation play … and a born leader with international experience,” the paper adds.

    Guimaraes could be seen as the perfect replacement for the outgoing Sergio Busquets. Advancing to the first team under Pep Guardiola in 2008, the veteran has been found out at the top level recently and will most probably move on to a less demanding league such as the MS when his contract expires in the summer.

    Frenkie de Jong has filled in at the position in recent weeks while Busquets is gradually phased out by current head coach Xavi Hernandez.

    Yet the Dutchman could still play in front of Guimaraes in a two man midfield while partnered by Gavi or Pedri which has been most commonly seen in recent years.

    As one of the rising stars of world football, Guimaraes has already been approached by Barca’s bitter rivals Real Madrid who were interested in capturing him before the current season when club legend Casemiro was sold to Manchester United.

    Los Blancos went for Aurelien Tchouameni instead, though, who has taken to the ground running in La Liga.

    In order to sign Guimaraes, Barca could take advantage of their strong relationship with his agent Giovani Bertolucci, with whom they worked alongside on the recent exits of Philippe Coutinho and Neto.

    With a contract running until 2026, Newcastle United won’t let their star player go for cheap, however.

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    Tom Sanderson, Contributor

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  • Haaland penalty claim, Wilson foul on Lloris lead the VAR Review

    Haaland penalty claim, Wilson foul on Lloris lead the VAR Review

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    Video Assistant Referee causes controversy every week in the Premier League, but how are decisions made, and are they correct?

    After each weekend we take a look at the major incidents, to examine and explain the process both in terms of VAR protocol and the Laws of the Game.

    How VAR decisions affected every Prem club in 2022-23
    VAR’s wildest moments: Alisson’s two red cards in one game
    VAR in the Premier League: Ultimate guide

    JUMP TO: Tottenham 0-2 Newcastle | Chelsea 1-1 Man United | Everton 3-0 Palace | Douglas Luiz wins red-card appeal

    Possible penalty: Sanchez foul on Haaland

    What happened: In the 19th minute, Brighton & Hove Albion goalkeeper Robert Sanchez appeared to catch Erling Haaland as the striker attempted to take the ball around him. Referee Craig Pawson gave a goal kick.

    VAR decision: No penalty.

    VAR review: Sanchez clearly catches Haaland, which makes this about that level of contact being enough to make the striker go to ground in the way he has.

    Most would expect the VAR, Lee Mason, to award a penalty, but he chose not to because the ball was going out of play and he deemed there to be minimal contact.

    The argument that the ball was going out doesn’t seem to hold water, as a foul remains a foul — although it can of course be used when deciding upon a yellow card, or a red card for denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity. Minimal contact should only be a consideration when the challenge is shoulder to shoulder or a regular tackle. When a player catches an opponent with the sole of the boot (studs) leading, then it should result in a penalty kick.

    VAR overturn: Penalty for Dunk foul on Silva

    What happened: Bernardo Silva ran through the area in the 39th minute and clashed with Lewis Dunk. Pawson ignored the appeals.

    VAR decision: Penalty, scored by Haaland.

    VAR review: Play continued while the VAR reviewed the incident and came to a decision (2 minutes, 15 seconds from foul to the penalty being awarded), in line with the protocol. If the ball had gone out of play at any point in this period, Pawson wouldn’t have allowed play to restart. This happens in most games, so a match can carry on while a review takes place and not be interrupted if the VAR clears the incident.

    One of the key things a VAR should look for is whether a player has initiated contact to draw the foul, which makes this VAR overturn confusing.

    Mason felt it was more of a foul from Dunk, rather than contact initiated from Silva (no push was considered in the review.) It’s subjective whether you believe the Manchester City forward did position his leg or he was caught by Dunk, but for that very reason the VAR getting involved seems wrong.

    Had Pawson given the penalty himself, then there is enough doubt for the VAR not to get involved to overturn too. It should have stayed with the on-pitch outcome. For the VAR to be the one to overrule the referee on such a subjective call doesn’t seem to fit with the Premier League’s overriding protocol for reviews. The referee will have the final decision at the monitor, but the VAR will usually show the evidence to support the overturn, rather than to have another look from several angles.

    There are similarities with Bukayo Saka‘s booking for simulation against Southampton, although it was a harsh decision from referee Robert Jones to show the yellow card. Duje Caleta-Car made an attempt to tackle Saka outside the area, so the VAR cannot review, but the Arsenal forward placed his leg into the defender’s to initiate the contact.

    The best decision in both cases would have been no action and for play to continue.


    Possible foul: Wilson on Lloris before scoring

    What happened: Newcastle United took the lead in the 31st minute when Tottenham Hotspur goalkeeper Hugo Lloris came out of his area and attempted to take a touch on the ball, then collided with Callum Wilson. The striker picked up the loose ball and lofted it over the Spurs defence to score (watch here.)

    VAR decision: Goal stands.

    VAR review: The VAR process took 2 minutes, 11 seconds because Stuart Attwell had three things to check: offside, the foul and handball by Wilson.

    Referee Jarred Gillett decided it was a coming together between striker and goalkeeper, with Lloris having rushed out of his area to intercept the long ball over the top. There was no offside or handball.

    The only evidence of a possible foul, rather than an accidental clash, was Wilson’s left arm coming out as he bumped into the Tottenham keeper, but it feels as though that would be searching for a reason to disallow the goal. Remember Jarrod Bowen on Chelsea goalkeeper Edouard Mendy?

    The same applies to Haaland’s challenge on Adam Webster before his first goal on Saturday. The City striker showed great strength and some referees might have given a foul at the time, but the VAR shouldn’t be disallowing a goal in situations like this.

    As discussed in last week’s VAR Review around the disallowed Man City goal at Liverpool, decisions are far better when they are keeping with the way a referee is managing the game. Gillett was allowing the play to flow, so to disallow the goal for what was a questionable foul situation wouldn’t fit.

    This incident might also show us how the VAR process is being improved. There are similarities to the goal West Ham United‘s Maxwel Cornet had disallowed last month for the foul by Bowen; there was contact between attacking player and goalkeeper and the match referee deemed it not enough to rule out the goal, but it was cancelled through the VAR (who just so happened to be Gillett.) PGMOL then deemed it a mistake for the VAR to get involved.

    Possible penalty: Handball by Royal

    What happened: In the 51st minute, Joelinton attempted to head a cross back across the area, and the ball hit the arm of Emerson Royal.

    VAR decision: No penalty.

    VAR review: We discuss handball on a weekly basis, and there is a tendency for supporters to take individual aspects of certain decisions and apply them exclusively to other incidents rather than as an assessment that takes in all criteria.

    For instance, while proximity could be the same on two handball decisions, that doesn’t mean arm position itself might not be the overriding consideration on one compared to the other.

    All handball decisions are subjective, and each one has its own unique factors — how has a player made a challenge, ergo is he taking a risk with his arm in that situation? Would you expect a player to have his arm in that position? Has the ball come at the player from a short distance with no time to react? Has his arm moved towards the ball?

    Royal had his arm in a position that would be expected when jumping to block the ball, even though it was out from the body. If the ball had hit his leading arm, or the arm it hit had been above shoulder level, there is a far greater chance it would have led to a penalty.

    Compare this with two other incidents this month, both with Michael Oliver as referee. The first involves Arsenal defender Gabriel against Liverpool when no penalty was given due to proximity — although while Gabriel was using his arms as balance, a penalty through VAR might have been the better outcome.

    Then there’s Aston Villa‘s Matty Cash against Fulham this past Thursday. Although proximity might be similar to with Gabriel, it’s the way Cash is making the challenge with arms away from his body that creates an obvious barrier to the cross and is high risk. There’s very little doubt the VAR would have advised a penalty if Oliver hadn’t awarded it, but the Gabriel incident is more subjective.

    Possible offside: Kane when scoring

    What happened: Tottenham pulled a goal back in the 54th minute through Harry Kane, but there was a possible offside to be reviewed (watch here.)

    VAR decision: Goal stands.

    VAR review: While Kane was onside from Clement Lenglet‘s initial flick on, the VAR review was about a possible touch from Davison Sanchez before the ball reached the England captain, which would have made him offside.

    There was no definitive proof that the ball had touched Sanchez on the way through, so the VAR cannot intervene to disallow the goal.


    Possible penalty overturn: McTominay foul on Broja

    What happened: Chelsea were awarded a penalty in the 84th minute when Armando Broja was held by Scott McTominay as the ball came over on a corner routine. Referee Stuart Attwell pointed to the penalty spot.

    VAR decision: Decision stands.

    VAR review: This situation provides the perfect example of how VAR protocol, and the edict that the decision on the pitch carries most weight, will never give the game consistency of decision-making.

    Attwell gave the penalty to Chelsea because the Manchester United midfielder had both of his hands around Broja’s body, enough to restrict the forward’s movement and his ability to challenge for the ball. But if the referee hadn’t seen it clearly, it’s unlikely to have been a situation in which the VAR, Michael Oliver, would have advised a penalty kick.

    We can look back to Southampton vs. Arsenal, with Gabriel Jesus going to ground after holding from Caleta-Car, who initially got a touch on the ball. It’s far less prolonged than McTominay on Broja, and while Arsenal fans might believe the defender having both arms around Jesus should result in a penalty, it really is a decision that is not going to be given by the VAR. Again, the pitch decision carries the weight.

    We can also compare it to the incident from last weekend, when West Ham United boss David Moyes accused Southampton‘s Romain Perraud of producing a “judo move” on Tomas Soucek. The referee didn’t give a penalty in that game, nor did the VAR advise an overturn.

    If you take each incident in isolation, most would say the Perraud foul was a clear penalty and Broja/Jesus were less certain, but the more obvious foul isn’t given.

    The VAR’s role is purely to assess each individual incident based around the referee’s original decision rather than to take precedents.


    VAR overturn: Gordon onside for goal

    What happened: Everton thought they had scored their second goal in the 63rd minute through Anthony Gordon, but the flag went up for offside.

    VAR decision: Goal awarded.

    VAR review: Sometimes an assistant just gets it badly wrong. It doesn’t happen very often, but we do see situations when a player is a long way onside (or indeed offside by a large margin) and the flag goes up. It’s the exact reason why we have the delayed flag, as frustrating as that might be sometimes.

    Gordon was well onside, and the VAR was quickly able to advise that his goal should stand.


    VAR overturn: Luiz sent off for violent conduct against Mitrovic

    What happened: In a game played Thursday, Douglas Luiz and Aleksandar Mitrovic squared up to each other off the ball in the 61st minute.

    VAR decision: Red card, three-game suspension overturned by an independent regulatory commission.

    VAR review: The three-man commission — usually made up of a chairman and two former players who are members of the Independent Football Panel — isn’t deciding whether the red card is right but judging only the suspension and whether that should be removed. It came as a huge surprise that Aston Villa won their appeal against Luiz’s suspension for wrongful dismissal.

    The VAR, Paul Tierney, told referee Oliver he should visit the monitor to review a red card as a serious missed incident, meaning the officials hadn’t seen it. While both players went chest-to-chest against each other, Luiz appears to make contact with his head on Mitrovic’s (whatever you might think of the Fulham player’s reaction.)

    PGMOL hasn’t yet received the written reasons behind the decision, but the only possible explanation is the panel either didn’t feel there was head-to-head contact or felt it was accidental due to the way they confronted each other. Either way, exonerating Luiz when there is no obvious evidence that the officials made a mistake was very unexpected.

    It’s rare that a red-card appeal is won when there is evidence in support of the referee. Take the VAR dismissal of Everton midfielder Allan against Newcastle last season; it was a very harsh dismissal for serious foul play that Frank Lampard’s team appealed but ultimately unsuccessfully.

    Information provided by the Premier League and PGMOL was used in this story.

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  • Jurgen Klopp Is Wrong: Liverpool FC Has No ‘Ceiling,’ But Newcastle United Did

    Jurgen Klopp Is Wrong: Liverpool FC Has No ‘Ceiling,’ But Newcastle United Did

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    Liverpool FC manager Jurgen Klopp is no stranger to the passive-aggressive jibe about an opponent.

    Through trademark gritted teeth and sarcastic tone, he’s fond of the barbed comment dressed up as fact.

    But in the pre-match press conference for the game against Manchester City, the German was almost theatrical in trotting out a well-worn complaint about rivals’ spending power.

    To a relatively innocuous question about whether Liverpool could “compete” with the Mancunians Klopp replied: “City won’t like it, nobody will like it, but you know the answer. What does Liverpool do? We cannot act like them. It’s not possible, not possible.”

    “Nobody can compete with City. You have the best team in the world and you put in the best striker on the market. No matter what it costs, you just do it.”

    Clearly wanting to press home his point about finances, Klopp roped in the other two clubs known for their vast resources, Paris Saint-Germain and Newcastle United.

    “It’s just clear: there are three clubs in world football who can do what they want financially. It’s legal, everything is fine, but they can do whatever they want. Competing with them? It’s not possible to deal with that,” he added.

    Most curiously he then preceded to reference a comment by Newcastle United sporting director Dan Ashworth that there was “no ceiling for the club.”

    “He’s absolutely right. There’s no ceiling for Newcastle,” Klopp said, adding sarcastically “congratulations – some clubs have ceilings.”

    It’s not the first time Klopp has taken aim at the club, who finished 43 points behind the Reds last season, in somewhat strange circumstances.

    As Liverpool FC was still recovering reputationally from being one of the driving forces behind the ill-fated European Super League, the German bizarrely compared the debacle to Newcastle United being taken over by the Saudi Arabian Public Investment Fund [PIF].

    “With the Super League, the whole world was justifiably upset about it. It’s basically like the Super League now – just for one club. Newcastle is guaranteed to play a dominant role in world football for the next 20 or 30 years,” he said.

    Klopp appears to be more preoccupied with commenting on finances than any other Premier League manager, the question is why?

    Where’s Liverpool’s ‘ceiling?’

    The strangest part of Klopp’s ‘ceiling’ comment seemed to be the suggestion that Liverpool somehow had limits that were restricting its ambition.

    Reaching the Champions League Final last season and challenging for an unprecedented quadruple until the last minutes of the campaign is pretty much the opposite of having a barrier to what a club can achieve.

    Subsequently strengthening that squad with a record-breaking $95 million striker and making your 30-year-old star player the highest-paid employee in the club’s history, with a $60 million contract, are also not the actions of a club with a ceiling.

    Liverpool did let Sadio Mane depart this summer, but the economic case for any club, regardless of resources, spending more than $100 million on contract renewals for stars in their thirties is hardly a strong one.

    Five years ago it might have been possible to argue Liverpool had a ceiling when Phillip Coutinho left to join Barcelona feeling he couldn’t do what he wanted at Anfield.

    But today it’s simply not true and history shows us wealthy new challengers can be a good thing for elite sides like Liverpool.

    A ‘Big Two’ to a ‘Big Six’

    While it would be wrong to argue that heavy investment or the presence of a wealthy benefactor is bad for a club, it is totally incorrect to suggest it guarantees lofty ambitions.

    For example, since Chelsea was taken over by billionaire Roman Abramovich in 2003, it has been the Premier League’s biggest spender in seven of the subsequent 19 seasons.

    The noticeable thing about this investment is that it hasn’t resulted in Chelsea dominating the division. Five titles have been achieved, but sporadically, nothing like Manchester United’s sustained success of the 90s or Liverpool’s in the 80s.

    With well over a billion dollars spent, Manchester United has also matched rivals Manchester City’s outlay over the past decade. But as is often highlighted the club has no title in that time and has rarely mounted a sustained challenge.

    On the other hand, Manchester City, who’ve topped the spending charts six times, since its 2008 takeover by the Abu Dhabi Group, has earned six titles four of which came in the last five years.

    But if investment capability or money spent always resulted in success then Chelsea and City would have monopolized the division.

    In fact, the emergence of these two new powers did not lower the ceilings of any of the traditional giants, if anything the greater depth of competition has benefited the league overall.

    Before the investment in Chelsea, the Premier League had a ‘Big Two’ Arsenal and Manchester United.

    When the West Londoners began splashing the cash in the early 2000s Arsene Wenger, who’d just led his side on an unprecedented unbeaten run expressed concern: “It is very difficult for any club to cope with that kind of competition when there is financially no logic between what comes in and what goes out,” he feared.

    Ultimately, however, Chelsea’s cash-boosted rise to the top table of the Premier League did not destroy the competition.

    What happened was the number of teams challenging at the top expanded, largely thanks to increases in Champions League revenue, Chelsea and Liverpool made it a ‘Big Four.’

    Fears were raised once again when Manchester City was purchased in 2008 and supercharged its spending to join the elite as soon as possible.

    The result, again, was an expansion of the most powerful teams, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City made it a ‘Big Six.’

    Newcastle United and the real ceiling

    At the top of the league, competition has not suffered from the investment, arguably it’s improved.

    No side has held the title for three consecutive years since Manchester United did between 2007 and 2010. While the two back-to-back titles achieved by Manchester City in the past five years have both been earned by single points.

    Spurs and Liverpool, neither of whom have been bought by billionaires, emerged as challengers for the title during that time and famously Leicester City lifted the crown.

    The ‘ceiling’ that emerged in this period was not for clubs like Liverpool, whose revenues had been raised by the Champions League in the noughties, it was for teams like Newcastle United.

    Until it was bought by PIF, Newcastle could not really have any hope of joining the elite, the gap in revenue and on-pitch investment was too big.

    If they produced a talented player, like Andy Carroll or Yohan Cabaye, wealthier clubs with bigger ambitions hoovered them up.

    Fans of sides like Newcastle may have held wild dreams that they could replicate the Leicester miracle of 2016-17 and win the title but the brutal truth is the ‘Big Six’ has held a monopoly on the Champions League places for the past decade.

    So when it comes to ‘ceilings’ Jurgen Klopp should welcome Newcastle United’s burgeoning ambition, history shows the disruption caused by investment in a club outside the established elite has been beneficial.

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    Zak Garner-Purkis, Contributor

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