According to the Wall Street Journal, JPMorgan, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and PNC are in conversation with Fiserv about acquiring its two debit payment networks, STAR and Accel. While there is not an official deal on the table, the initial discussions surrounding the sale raise important questions about the future of the payments infrastructure in the US. If a sale of the payment networks does take place, the impact would extend far beyond Fiserv. Here are three ways it could reshape payments.
Large banks could gain more control over payment economics
Right now, banks, card networks, and merchants each play a unique role. Banks issue cards, card networks route the transactions, and merchants pay the interchange fees. Much of the value of STAR and Accel is that they route debit transactions. If all of a sudden, banks own the network, the dynamics change. The large banks that end up owning the payment networks could capture more economics from transactions made on the networks. Some analysts have suggested that owning the networks could provide strategic advantages related to debit routing and interchange economics.
Community banks and fintechs could lose a neutral network partner
Fiserv currently serves a range of smaller financial institutions, including community banks, regional banks, fintechs, and credit unions. If Fiserv offloads STAR and Accel to some of the nation’s largest financial institutions, smaller institutions would have to rely on infrastructure owned by their competitors. This is of concern to smaller players, especially since banks like JPMorgan and Bank of America stand to profit more if competitors lose market share. Because of these conflicts of interest, payments infrastructure is most valuable when participants view it as neutral.
The race to own the infrastructure accelerates
Fintechs and banks alike have shown growing interest in moving down the stack to own more of the underlying financial infrastructure. Capital One’s acquisition of Discover would give the bank ownership of a major card network, reducing its reliance on Visa and Mastercard. At the same time, the rise of stablecoin payment rails is creating new infrastructure that bypasses traditional card networks altogether, while FedNow is giving banks direct access to real-time payment capabilities. Together, these developments show that banks and fintechs are no longer content to compete solely through customer-facing products. Increasingly, they are seeking greater ownership of the infrastructure that powers payments. Bringing more of the stack in-house can reduce dependence on third parties, provide greater control over the customer experience, and create new revenue opportunities.
Whether or not the deal ultimately happens, it shows that banks are no longer content to compete only on products and customer experience. Instead, banks are seeking ownership of the infrastructure that powers payments. If a deal goes through, it could reshape competition across banks, fintechs, merchants, and payment networks.
Photo by Vitaly Gariev on Unsplash
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Julie Muhn (@julieschicktanz)
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