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Tag: Wiley

  • Does evening recovery impact next-day work mood?

    Does evening recovery impact next-day work mood?

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    Newswise — The quality of recovery a person experiences on a given evening after work may impact their mood when they start their job again the next day, according to new research published in the Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.

    The study, which was based on diary entries by 124 employees on 887 days, found that people who had higher quality recovery during the evening than usual had higher levels of wakefulness, calmness, and pleasantness when they started work the next day. However, people’s wakefulness and calmness tended to decline more strongly during the workday after evenings with higher quality recovery.

    These findings imply that employees benefit from daily recovery, but these benefits subside during the workday. Therefore, it’s important to engage in recovery on a daily basis.

    “Our study shows that daily recovery from work during off-job time is indeed beneficial for employees’ mood; however, these benefits do not last the entire workday. Thus, our findings highlight that the benefits of evening recovery are relatively short-lived,” said corresponding author Maike Arnold, MSc, of the University of Mannheim, in Germany. “We further found that some but not all of these benefits can be explained by a better sleep quality following good evening recovery.”

    URL upon publication: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joop.12445

     

    Additional Information
    NOTE:     The information contained in this release is protected by copyright. Please include journal attribution in all coverage.

    The Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology aims to increase understanding of people and organizations at work including: industrial, organizational, work, vocational and personnel psychology; behavioral and cognitive aspects of industrial relations; ergonomics and human factors; and industrial sociology. Innovative or interdisciplinary approaches with a psychological emphasis are particularly welcome. So are papers which develop the links between occupational/organizational psychology and other areas of the discipline, such as social and cognitive psychology.

    About Wiley
    Wiley is one of the world’s largest publishers and a global leader in scientific research and career-connected education. Founded in 1807, Wiley enables discovery, powers education, and shapes workforces. Through its industry-leading content, digital platforms, and knowledge networks, the company delivers on its timeless mission to unlock human potential. Visit us at Wiley.com. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram.

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  • Improved control of blood sugar levels

    Improved control of blood sugar levels

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    Newswise — Patients with type 1 diabetes live with a constant risk of hyper- or hypoglycemia. Precisely controlled insulin release could help to improve regulation of their blood sugar levels. In the journal Angewandte Chemie, a research team has now introduced a novel insulin formulation that can be switched on by glucose: Lipid nanoparticle carriers release more or less insulin depending on the blood sugar level.

    In our bodies, the insulin level in our plasma is primarily regulated by β-cells in the pancreas and reflects fluctuations in the blood sugar level. Patients with type 1 diabetes can produce very little or no insulin and require several daily injections of a fast-acting insulin as well as one or two injections of a long-acting insulin to keep their blood sugar at a normal level. Alternatively, they wear an insulin pump that provides continuous infusion. The insulin formulations cannot react to changes in the blood sugar level and thus do not allow for the precise regulation of blood sugar. If an insulin overdose is administered, a meal is missed, or too little carbohydrate consumed before strenuous physical activity, there is increased risk of acute, life-threatening hypoglycemia.

    Insulin formulations that respond to glucose, mimicking the function of β-cells, could improve insulin therapy. Various approaches with insulin “carriers” made of polymers with incorporated glucose oxidase as a glucose detector suffer from two problems: The polymer carriers are not of uniform molecular weight and glucose oxidase is toxic if released into the body.

    A Chinese team led by Jinqiang Wang and Zhen Gu at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, and the University of Hong Kong chose a different approach based on biocompatible lipid nanoparticles used as carriers with lipids with uniform chemical structures. Lipid nanoparticles are already in wide clinical use as drug carriers.

    A section of the lipids was modified so that the surfaces of the self-aggregated nanoparticles carry many positive charges. Insulin molecules with a negative charge electrostatically bind to the nanoparticles and are released slowly when the blood sugar level is normal. If the blood sugar level is high, certain lipids in the nanoparticles form chemical bonds with the glucose, reducing the positive charge at the surface and significantly accelerating the release of insulin. In diabetic mice treated with the new insulin formulation, it was possible to maintain a normal blood sugar level for six hours. After injection of glucose, the blood sugar in the treated diabetic mice decreased to a normal level just as rapidly as that of healthy mice.

    In the Future, a combination of this glucose-responsive insulin formulation with a dispensation device controlled by a wearable electronic sugar detector could significantly improve regulation of the blood sugar level in diabetes patients.

     

    About the Author

    Dr Zhen Gu is a Qiushi Distinguished Chair Professor and Dean of the College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University (China). His research is focused on the design of bioinspired materials for physiological-signal-responsive drug delivery for treating various diseases including cancer and diabetes.

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  • Defensive beliefs likely keep people from taking at-home stool tests that screen for colorectal cancer

    Defensive beliefs likely keep people from taking at-home stool tests that screen for colorectal cancer

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    Newswise — Colorectal cancer is one of the most treatable cancers, especially if it is detected early; however, many people do not undergo recommended screening, even despite the availability of at-home stool fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kits. New research published by Wiley online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, reveals that people who react defensively to the invitation to get screened are less likely to take part.

    For the study, Nicholas Clarke, PhD, of Dublin City University in Ireland, surveyed individuals in Dublin who had been invited to participate in a FIT screening program in 2008–2012. Questionnaires were mailed in September 2015 to all individuals who were invited to participate (over two screening rounds) but had declined and a random sample of individuals who had participated. Following two reminders, questionnaires were completed by 1,988 people who participated in screening and 311 who did not.

    Individuals who did not participate in FIT-based screening were more likely to provide responses indicating greater defensiveness. This was apparent for all questions related to the different domains of what is called defensive information processing (DIP). The four domains of DIP include:

    • attention avoidance (reducing risk awareness by avoidance),
    • blunting (active mental disengagement through avoidance and accepted denial),
    • suppression (acknowledging others’ risk but avoiding personal inferences through self-exemption beliefs), and
    • counter-argumentation (arguing against the evidence).

    “People who react defensively to the invitation to colorectal cancer screening are less likely to take part, and this seems to be due to such misconceptions that having a healthy lifestyle or having regular bowel movements means that they do not need to be screened. Similarly, some people believe testing can be delayed while they wait for a ‘better’ test (even though the current test works very well) or wait until their other health concerns are under control,” explained Dr. Clarke. “Some people also react defensively because they believe cancer is always fatal, which is not true. All of these factors can result in people making a decision not to take the home-based screening test.”

    Dr. Clarke noted that the study’s findings indicate that even well-designed health communication campaigns and proactive screening programs may be hindered by individuals’ defensive beliefs. “The measures used in this study could be used to help identify people who may need extra support to take part in colorectal cancer screening programs worldwide,” he said. “The results suggest that screening programs need strategies to decrease procrastination and address misconceptions about colorectal cancer and screening.”

    He also stressed the importance of trying to make colorectal cancer screening something that everyone routinely does when they reach middle age.

    An accompanying editorial by Beverly Beth Green MD, MPH of Kaiser Permanente Washington and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute advocates for additional research to test different strategies, such as financial incentives, for decreasing DIP.

     

    Additional information

    NOTE: The information contained in this release is protected by copyright. Please include journal attribution in all coverage. A free abstract of this article will be available via the CANCER Newsroom upon online publication.

    Full Citations: “The role of Defensive Information Processing in population-based colorectal cancer screening uptake.” Nicholas Clarke, Louise Hayes, Amy McQueen, Pamela Gallagher, Patricia M. Kearney, Deirdre McNamara, Colm A. O’Morain, Christian von Wagner, Therese Mooney, and Linda Sharp. CANCER; Published Online: February 6, 2023 (DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34603).

    URL Upon Publication: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cncr.34603 “Defensive Information Processing and nonadherence to health-protective behaviors.” Beverly Beth Green. CANCER; Published Online: February 6, 2023 (DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34602).

    URL Upon Publication: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cncr.34602

     

    About the Journal 
    CANCER is a peer-reviewed publication of the American Cancer Society integrating scientific information from worldwide sources for all oncologic specialties. The objective of CANCER is to provide an interdisciplinary forum for the exchange of information among oncologic disciplines concerned with the etiology, course, and treatment of human cancer. CANCER is published on behalf of the American Cancer Society by Wiley and can be accessed online. Follow us on Twitter @JournalCancer. 

    About Wiley 
    Wiley is one of the world’s largest publishers and a global leader in scientific research and career-connected education. Founded in 1807, Wiley enables discovery, powers education, and shapes workforces. Through its industry-leading content, digital platforms, and knowledge networks, the company delivers on its timeless mission to unlock human potential. Visit us at Wiley.com. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram.

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  • Study may improve bone and muscle health monitoring during spaceflight

    Study may improve bone and muscle health monitoring during spaceflight

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    Newswise — Bed rest is often used to simulate the effects of microgravity, such as during space flight, on the body’s bones and muscles. New research published in The FASEB Journal examined the effects of 10 days of bed rest on various markers of musculoskeletal health in 10 young male volunteers.

    “During space flight, changes occur over a period of weeks to months, first in the muscle and then in the bone,” the authors wrote. Their experiments over just 10 days suggested a possible early involvement of the molecule irisin in muscle and bone adaptation to microgravity-simulated conditions.

    Results indicated that irisin may help to prevent the onset of atrophy and aging of skeletal muscle, and that low irisin blood levels could represent an early prognostic marker of muscle atrophy in microgravity environments.

    URL upon publication: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fj.202201005RR

     

     

    About the Journal

    The FASEB Journal publishes high quality and impactful multidisciplinary research covering biology and biomedical sciences at every level of organization: atomic, molecular, cell, tissue, organ, organismic, and population. The journal’s scope includes the spectrum of biological and biomedical sciences as well as interdisciplinary research cutting across multiple fields and extending in related areas. The FASEB Journal welcomes manuscripts on basic and translational research as well as on pre-clinical and early clinical research.

    About Wiley

    Wiley is one of the world’s largest publishers and a global leader in scientific research and career-connected education. Founded in 1807, Wiley enables discovery, powers education, and shapes workforces. Through its industry-leading content, digital platforms, and knowledge networks, the company delivers on its timeless mission to unlock human potential. Visit us at Wiley.com. Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram.

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  • Eastern Michigan holds off Akron 34-28 for 6th win

    Eastern Michigan holds off Akron 34-28 for 6th win

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    AKRON, Ohio — Austin Smith and Samson Evans each accounted for a pair of touchdowns and Eastern Michigan became bowl eligible with a 34-28 victory over Akron on Tuesday night.

    Eastern Michigan (6-4, 3-3 Mid-American Conference) secured its fifth bowl appearance in six seasons and the program’s seventh overall.

    Smith threw a touchdown pass in each half. Evans had a 9-yard touchdown run in the second quarter and broke loose for a 23-yard score early in the third to give the Eagles a 31-14 lead. Smith was 16-of-28 passing for 190 yards and Evans had 133 yards rushing on 24 carries. Dylan Drummond had five receptions for 90 yards, including a 40-yard touchdown catch.

    Jesus Gomez’s 43-yard field goal for the Eagles capped the scoring.

    Cam Wiley got Akron close, running for 11- and 56-yard touchdowns early in the fourth quarter to pull to 31-28. Wiley finished with 18 carries for 144 yards. He also had a 1-yard score in the second quarter.

    DJ Irons and Jeff Undercuffler were a combined 18-of-34 passing for 223 yards with one touchdown and three interceptions for the Zips (1-9, 0-6).

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    More AP college football: https://apnews.com/hub/college-football and https://twitter.com/ap—top25. Sign up for the AP’s college football newsletter: https://bit.ly/3pqZVaF.

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